2nd Semester Final Exam Review Guide
Chapter 14—The Late Middle Ages
Terms:
Simony
Burghers
Guild
Nationalism
Common Law
Jury
Magna Carta
William the Conqueror
Joan of Arc
Topics of Study:
Describe the ways the Catholic Church became corrupt during the Late Middle
Ages. Include: Great Schism & Simony
Describe the effects of the Church’s corruption on medieval society. Include:
John Wycliffe & Jan Hus
Explain how the economic changes to Europe during the Middle Ages challenged
feudal traditions. Include: 3-field system, guilds, towns & burghers
Explain how the rise of representative governments during the Middle Ages
challenged feudal traditions. Include: Parliament, Estates General, Common
Law & the Magna Carta
Compare & contrast the representative governments of England & France with
American government. Include: ideals of the Magna Carta & Common Law
Chapter 17—The Renaissance & The Reformation
Renaissance Terms:
Renaissance
Patrons
Perspective
Chiaroscuro
Sfumato
Frescoes
Humanists
Renaissance People:
Leonardo
Raphael
Michelangelo
Donatello
Durer
Holbein the younger
Machiavelli
Castiglione
Erasmus
More
Shakespeare
Renaissance Topics of Study:
List the causes of the Renaissance in Italy, Northern Europe & England
Explain why Italy was the birthplace of the Renaissance movement in Europe
Describe the 3 themes of Renaissance art & literature
Identify the themes of the Renaissance in artistic & literary examples
Identify the techniques of Renaissance artists in artistic examples
Describe the main ideas of Renaissance literature. Include: In Praise of Folly,
Utopia, The Courtier, The Prince
Compare & contrast the artistic contributions of the Italian, Northern & English
Renaissance movements
Explain the effects of the Renaissance on European society
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Reformation Terms:
Protestant
Indulgence
Predestination
Theocracy
Huguenots
Jesuits
Reformation People:
Martin Luther
Henry VIII
John Calvin
Queen Elizabeth
Reformation Topics of Study:
List the causes of the Protestant Reformation
Compare & Contrast the practices of Catholicism & Protestantism
Describe the ideological differences between the Protestant Churches. Include:
Lutheranism, Anglicanism & Calvinism
Compare & contrast the rise of Protestantism in Germany & England. Include:
95 Theses, Edict of Worms & Act of Uniformity
Explain the significance of Reformation literature. Include: 95 Theses
Describe the actions taken by the Catholic Church during the Counter Reformation
Include: Council of Trent
Explain the effects of the Reformation on European society
Supplemental Reading Unit—Age of Exploration
Terms:
Colonization
Columbian Exchange
Imperialism
Triangular Trade
Concepts to Know:
Describe the causes of the Age of Exploration
Identify the location of European colonies in the Americas, Africa & Asia
Explain how the conflict over colonial lands affected Spain & Portugal. Include,
Line of Demarcation from the Treaty of Tordesillas
Compare/contrast the different types of colonial governments established in Africa
Describe the effects of the Age of Exploration on the Americas, Africa & Asia
Chapter 21—Age of Absolute Monarchs
Terms:
Absolute Monarchy
Mercantilism
Edict of Nantes
30 Years War
Treaty of Westphalia
People:
Louis XIV
Jean Baptiste Colbert
Philip II
Ferdinand II
Maria Theresa
Frederick William
Peter the Great
Elizabeth I
Concepts to Know:
Explain how Spain’s King Philip II ruled as an absolute monarch
List the factors that contributed to the decline of Spanish power due to Philips’ reign
Explain how King Louis XIV ruled as an absolute monarch
List the factors that caused French power to weaken near the end of Louis XIV’s reign
Describe how French culture thrived during the Age of Absolutism
Include: War of the Spanish Succession & Palace of Versailles
Explain how Maria Theresa (Hapsburg) ruled as an absolute monarchs
Explain how Frederick William (Hohenzollern) ruled as an absolute monarch
Describe the impact of the 30 Years War
Include: Causes & impact of the Treaty of Westphalia
Explain how Peter the Great (Romanov) ruled as an absolute monarch
Explain how Elizabeth Tudor ruled as an absolute monarch
List the factors that enabled England to rise & become a powerful country
Supplemental Reading Unit—Effects of Absolutism: English Civil War
Terms:
Roundheads
New Model Army
Cavaliers
Puritan
Restoration
Tories
Whigs
People:
James I
Charles I
Oliver Cromwell
Charles II
James II
William & Mary
Concepts to Know:
Describe the significance of the King James version of the Bible
Explain how Charles I’s reforms helped cause the English Civil War
Describe the events of the English Civil War.
Include: the factors that enabled the Roundheads to defeat the Cavaliers
Describe what life was like in England during the Puritanical control of Cromwell
Include: the massacre at Drogheda
Explain how Charles II’s reforms helped to improve life in England during its
Restoration period
Explain how James II’s reforms led to the Glorious Revolution
Include: how William & Mary ended the conflict
Compare the Petition of Right & English Bill of Rights
Chapter 22—Effects of Absolutism: Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment
Terms:
Scientific Revolution
Scientific Method
Enlightenment
Philosophes
Salons
Despot
People:
Nicolaus Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
Isaac Newton
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
Mary Wollstonecraft
Voltaire
Baron de Montesquieu
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Denis Diderot
Marie Therese Geoffrin
Concepts to Know:
List the causes of the Scientific Revolution
Describe the theories of the scientists listed above
List the causes of the Enlightenment
Explain the 5 core values of the Enlightenment
Describe the beliefs/theories of the English, French & Italian philosophes
Compare Baroque & Neo-classical styles of architecture & music
Compare/contrast the beliefs & actions of the Enlightened Despots
Include: Frederick the Great, Joseph II, & Catherine the Great
Chapter 23—Effects of Absolutism: The French Revolution
Terms:
Bourgeoisie
Constitutional Monarchy
Sans Culottes
Emigres
Jacobins
Coup d’Etat
Napoleonic Code
Continental System
People:
Louis XVI
Marie Antoinette
Maximilien Robespierre
Napoleon
Concepts to Know:
List the 4 causes of the French Revolution
Compare the accomplishments/reforms of the different French legislatures: National
Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention & the Directory
Describe what life was like in Paris during the Reign of Terror
List the factors that enabled Napoleon to come to power
List the changes made to France under the reign of the emperor Napoleon
Explain the problems Napoleon had in his attempts to govern all of Europe
Analyze the achievements of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
Describe how the Congress of Vienna brought peace to Europe
Supplemental Reading Unit—The Industrial Revolution
Terms:
Industrialization
Enclosures
Crop Rotation
Urbanization
Steamboat
People:
Robert Fulton
John McAdam
Concepts to Know:
List the causes for the Age of Industrialization
Explain the impact of the new industrial inventions
Include: locomotive, steamboat, use of factories
Compare the positive & negative effects of the Age of Industrialization
Skills Topics—
Analysis of maps: Be able to identify important labels & geographic changes over time
Analysis of charts & graphs: Determine the purpose, locate details & compare/contrast content
Analysis of primary source documents: Determine the main idea of the passage, make
Inferences & define content-specific vocabulary