HSE
HSEP0303 – Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) & Safe
Work Method Statement (SWMS) Procedure
Purpose:
The objectives of this procedure are:
 To describe the key steps in completing a Job Hazard Analysis, Safe Work Method Statement
or equivalent risk management document.
Table of Content
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Scope .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Procedure outputs ......................................................................................................................... 2
Process overview ............................................................................................................................ 3
Process detail ................................................................................................................................. 3
4.1 HSE risk management
3
4.1.1
Risk management tools
3
4.1.2
Selecting the right tool
4
4.1.3
Risk scoring process
4
4.2 Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
5
4.2.1
JHA Process
6
4.3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
7
4.4 Safe Work Method Statements (SWMS)
8
4.4.1
What constitutes an SWMS?
9
4.4.2
SWMS Process
10
4.5 Existing risk assessments
11
Roles & responsibilities (HSE)....................................................................................................... 12
Definitions .................................................................................................................................... 12
Related documents & resources .................................................................................................. 15
Revision history ............................................................................................................................ 15
Appendix A - Risk assessment tools ............................................................................................. 16
8.1
Likelihood categories
16
8.2
Consequence categories
16
8.3
Risk level matrix
17
8.4
Hierarchy of controls
17
Hydro Tasmania Document
Owner(s): OH&S Manager; Environment Manager
Approver: Manager – Sustainability and Safety
Revision 5
Revision Date:
June 2013
HSE
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HSEP0303–Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) & Safe Work Method Statement
Revision 5
(SWMS) Procedure
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SCOPE
HSE risks are assessed and managed at all work stages and levels, from project planning and whole of
site management to specific tasks and work activities undertaken at any time. The risk management
tools applied depend on the nature and complexity of the work activity.
A Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is the primary task-level risk assessment and management tool used at
Hydro Tasmania. At the project level, higher-level risk management is required, such as hazard studies
and the development of project safety and/or environmental management plans (see HSEP0301 –
Hazard identification and risk management).
A JHA is required for any work activity to ensure that the risk associated with work is being managed to
a level as low as reasonably practicable:

Work activity that has an uncontrolled risk level greater than low (i.e. moderate, high or
extreme); and/or
 Work under a Permit to Work (see HSEP0933 – Permit to work).
The JHA and associated risk management documents can be used at any time (after project planning)
to identify and manage the health, safety and environmental risks of all work activities.
This procedure applies to all Hydro Tasmania personnel, including Entura, and all contractors
undertaking work on Hydro Tasmania sites or assets.
2
PROCEDURE OUTPUTS
Task involves defined
environmental impact
activity.
Task involves defined
high risk work
activity.
JHA
SWMS
EIA
or equivalent
Relevant
document
forms,
EMP

JHA: Job Hazard Analysis – see section 4.2

EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment – see section 4.3

EMP: Environmental Management Plan – see section 4.3

SWMS: Safe Work Method Statement – see section 4.4

Impact Activity – see definition in section 6

High risk work – see definition in section 6
checklists,
studies, special
permits etc.
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PROCESS OVERVIEW
Identify the level of risk
management
documentation required.
- HSEP0301 Hazard ID
& Risk Management
For each job task or
work activity…
Assess
uncontrolled risk
level
Uncontrolled
risk level?
LOW
Use Take 5 process
- see Take 5 books
MODERAT
E
OR ABOVE
Start Job Hazard Analysis
(JHA) process
- section 4.2
Environment
A defined
impact activity?
NO
Is the risk?
Health & Safety
Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA)
- section 4.2
NO
YES
YES
Environmental
Impact Assessment
- section 4.3
A defined
high risk activity
in construction
work?
YES
Apply
established
process &
controls
- section 4.5
Existing procedure, work
instruction or other
document that details the
risk management?
Must meet intent of SWMS
NO
Safe Work Method
Statement
- section 4.4
Review and keep a record
of the HSE risk
management for
continuous improvement
See section 6 for definitions of impact activities, construction work and
high risk work activities.
4
PROCESS DETAIL
4.1 HSE risk management
4.1.1 Risk
management
tools
There is a range of HSE risk management tools used at Hydro Tasmania. Those
used at the project, program or business level are discussed in HSEP0301 –
Hazard identification and risk management.
At the task or activity level, the Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is the main tool used
for managing HSE risks. Depending on the hazards and risks identified in the
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JHA, additional risk management tools may be required.
Risk identification and mitigation:
 Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
If identified through JHA process, the following additional tools may apply:

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS)

Other documented risk management processes (e.g. work instructions
and procedures that meet the intent of a SWMS)
Additionally, the Take 5 process can be used to quickly take stock of the
immediate HSE hazards and risks a person encounters. This process can be used
at any time to compliment the HSE risk management tools.
4.1.2 Selecting the
right tool
The right tool to use depends on the tasks involved in the job and the
associated risks. In all cases:
1. Perform an initial assessment of the uncontrolled risk (the Take 5
process may be used).
2. Based on the preliminary uncontrolled risk score and the nature of the
risks, the appropriate risk management tool(s) is/are identified.
a. Initial risk score is low – apply the Take 5 process
b. Initial risk score is moderate or higher – complete a Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA). An EIA, SWMS or other tool may be required,
depending on the types of risks or activities
3. Complete the appropriate risk management documentation:
a. Uncontrolled risk = Low → Take 5
b. Uncontrolled risk ≥ Moderate, no defined impact (environment) or
high risk (safety) activities → JHA
c. Uncontrolled risk ≥ Moderate + impact activity (environment) →EIA
d. Uncontrolled risk ≥ Moderate + high risk activity (safety)→ SWMS
(or equivalent)
4. The risk management is documented, using the appropriate tool, with
mitigation measures put in place before work starts.
5. The risk management is reviewed and updated as work progresses
and/or the hazards, risks or controls change or improvements are
identified.
6. The risk management is reviewed once work is completed and any
opportunities for improvement are shared with the business.
Note: if a Permit to Work is required (see HSEP0933 – Permit To Work) a JHA
(and potentially EIA) must be completed.
4.1.3 Risk scoring
process
All risk assessments at Hydro Tasmania follow a standard approach, with risks
scored using established matrices. The scoring matrices for HSE risks are based
on Hydro Tasmania’s Integrated Business Risk Management Standard and can
be found in Appendix A - Risk assessment tools.
A risk may be scored as Low, Moderate, High or Extreme, based on a
combination of likelihood and consequence.
To score a risk:
1. Identify a hazard.
2. Assess the likelihood of that hazard occurring (following the definitions
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in Appendix A) and assign the appropriate likelihood score.
3. Assess the maximum consequence of that hazard occurring (following
the definitions in Appendix A) and assign the appropriate consequence
score.
4. Use the risk level matrix to identify the risk score for that combination
of likelihood and consequence.
Note: A risk is initially scored for the uncontrolled state (no control
measures in place) and then re-assessed for the controlled state (the
remaining risk level once controls are implemented).
4.2 Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA)
Document using HSEF0303.1 – JHA template
1. Determine the job steps
What is involved in getting the job done?
2. Identify the HSE hazards involved in
each step
3. Assess the uncontrolled risk level of
those hazards
High risk activities? SWMS
Enviro impact activities? EIA
4. List the controls to be used to reduce
the risks
5. Assess the controlled risk level with
these controls put in place.
6. Sign-off and authorisation to start work
High
Extreme
Senior
management
Moderate
Accountable
person
No sign-off
Low
Line Manager
JHA controlled risk level
A JHA is reviewed and signed by the work party prior to commencing the
described activities, and may require approval by an appropriate authority.
The JHA is a live document that is reviewed and updated as work progresses
and the risks or controls change. The Take 5 process (described in the Take 5
note-books) may be used to re-evaluate and update the JHA throughout the
job.
If a job involves any defined environmental impact activities or high risk
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activities, additional documentation may also be required: refer to sections 4.3
(EIA) and 4.4 (SWMS).
4.2.1 JHA Process
A JHA is completed following the steps below and documenting the required
information using form HSEF0303.1 – JHA Template.
Step 1 - Determine the job steps
Break the job into its components – what are the individual activities?

Each step should accomplish a specific outcome. Each step should be a
natural progression into the next.

Record steps in the Job Steps column of the JHA template (HSEF0303.1)
in order that you will complete the steps.
Step 2 - Identify the hazards
Identify and describe the hazards associated with each job step, taking into
account:

Safety to people - ‘No harm to anyone at any time’ includes personnel,
visitors, clients, contractors and members of the public.

Protection of the environment – including prevention of pollution,
preventing spread of weeds and diseases, managing cultural heritage,
managing stakeholder concerns and complying with all environmental
legal and permit requirements.

Safety of plant - safety of Hydro Tasmania generating assets and
associated equipment and of our stakeholder and client assets and
work environments.

Production and continuity of supply - Hydro Tasmania electricity
production and supply, client production and supply of product.

Workforce management – consider safe working hours, travel times
and distances, fatigue and billable hours of employees, clients and
contractors.
Step 3 - Assess the uncontrolled risk level
For each hazard assess the risk level before any controls are put in place. This is
the inherent or uncontrolled risk. Use the risk scoring tables provided in
Appendix A - Risk assessment tools or on form HSEF0301.1 - JHA template.
Consider the:

Likelihood of the hazard occuring over the course of the works; and

Consequence of the hazard occuring, considering impacts to teople’s
health & safety, the natural environment and to social and/or cultural
heritage values.
If the uncontrolled risks scored greater than low:
Check – are any of these risks –

A defined safety high risk activity? - Safe Work Method Statements
(SWMS) required for that activity.

A defined environmental impact activity? – Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) required for that activity.
 Skip to the relevant sections on EIAs / SWMS and complete the
required documentation before continuing with the JHA.
Step 4 – List risk control measures
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•
•
•
•
•
Identify suitable control measures that will be put in place to eliminate
the hazards or reduce the risks (e.g. following relevant HSE processes).
Control measures shall be applied to minimise risk to as low as
reasonably practicable.
Use the hierarchy of controls: address the risk as the highest level
practicable.
Where a need for a SWMS or EIA has been identified, list these
documents as control measures.
Record these controls in the control measures column on form
HSEF0301.1 - JHA template.
Step 5 - Assess the controlled (residual) risk levels
For each hazard, assess risk level that remains with the nominated controls in
place.
• Use the same risk classification table provided in Appendix A - Risk
assessment tools, on form HSEF0301.1 - JHA template.
Step 6 – JHA sign-off and approval
Once the JHA has been completed, all members of the team doing the work
sign the completed JHA form to record that they have reviewed and understood
the JHA, before starting work.
The JHA may then require approval, depending on the level of controlled risk:

Low: no sign-off necessary.

Moderate: sign-off by an accountable person (e.g. project manager,
technical specialist, site manager).

High: sign-off by Line Manager.
 Extreme: senior management approval required.
If required, approval must be given and the JHA plus any associated risk
assessments and management plans (e.g. EIA, SWMS) signed by the approver
before starting work.
Step 7 – Continual improvement
The JHA is kept on site while the work it describes is being performed. The JHA
is reviewed and updated to reflect any changes in activities, hazards, risks or
controls made during the work period.
4.3 Environmental
Impact
Assessment
(EIA)
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the possible
positive or negative impacts that a proposed work activity may have on the
environment, including cultural heritage and other social aspects.
An EAI required for any work that:

Has an environmental uncontrolled risk score of moderate or greater;
and
 Involves a defined impact activity.
The EIA examines the environmental risk in greater detail, including nominating
any required controls to be developed in an Environmental Management Plan
(EMP). The EIA should also identify any environmental permits and other
legislative requirements to be met, cultural heritage issues and social impacts
of the proposed work activity.
The EIA must be carried out as per the requirements in HSEP0301 – Hazard
Identification and Risk Management.
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Note: environmental risks include (but are not limited to) risks to plants
and animals, soils, waterways, air quality, cultural heritage and
environmental legislation compliance.
4.4 Safe Work
Method
Statements
(SWMS)
Work involves
defined high risk
activities?
NO
JHA
Document using HSEF0303.2
Safe Work Method Statement template
1. Describe the work activity
Break it into individual tasks
2. Identify the resources, materials,
people, competencies, etc. to perform
each task
3. Identify the health and safety risks
associated with each task
4. Develop and document appropriate
control measures
5. SWMS reviewed and approved prior
to work starting
Consult with workers, safety representatives and relevant
technical experts
YES
A Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS) is a documented health and safety risk
management plan used for defined high risk work activities. An SWMS is
required for any tasks that involve high risk work activities as per the Work
Health and Safety Regulations 2012.
An SWMS sets out the individual tasks within the high risk work activity -in a
logical sequence – identifies the health and safety hazards and describes
control measures. It is a detailed description of how a specific task is to be
performed.
A SWMS differs from a JHA in that:

It only covers work activities that meet the definition of high risk work
(a JHA covers all work activities and all HSE risks);

It only applies to workplace health and safety risks (a JHA includes
environmental, social and cultural heritage risks);

It breaks a single work activity into task-based steps (a JHA breaks a job
into its component work activities);

It requires a higher level of detail as to how each specific risk will be
managed, either containing the step-by-step instructions to perform
the work safely, or referencing other documents that contain this level
of detail.
It requires that the risks and controls have been discussed with the workforce,
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and that these discussions have been documented.
A SWMS will be required for the following defined activities except where it can
be shown that the work methods being used meet or exceed the intent of a
SWMS as per 4.4.2 of this procedure.
Note: Hydro Tasmania has HSE systems in place that when used in conjunction
with its Permit to Work (PTW) system meet the intent of a SWMS, these
activities are highlighted with “*” and when approved for use will not require a
SWMS!
4.4.1 What
constitutes an
SWMS?

Risk of falls from greater than 2 metres *

Work on a telecommunications tower

Demolition of load-bearing structure

Likely to involve disturbing asbestos*

Temporary load-bearing support structures

Work in confined spaces*

Work in or near shaft or trench with an excavated depth greater than 1.5m
or a in tunnel

Use of Explosives

Work on or near pressurised gas pipes or mains

Work on or near chemical, fuel or refrigerant lines

Work on or near energised electrical installations or services*

Work in an area with contaminated or flammable atmosphere

Work with tilt up or pre-cast concrete

Work on, in or adjacent to road, rail shipping or other major traffic corridor

Work in an area with movement of powered mobile plant

Work in or areas with artificial extremes of temperature

Work in or near water involving a drowning risk

Diving work*
When assessing the need to develop a SWMS, note that “compliance with the
WHS Act and Regulations may be achieved by following another method, such
as a technical or an industry standard, if it provides an equivalent or higher
standard of work health and safety than the code.” (Workplace Standards (2012)
Construction Work Code of Practice (CP104); Department of Justice, Australian
Government; Canberra.)
This means that any HSE risk management document that meets the intent of
an SWMS may be used to manage the health and safety risks associated with
defined high risk work activities.
The more complex the work, or the more severe the risks, the more detailed
the SWMS (or equivalent document) needs to be.
Complex tasks
In situations where the tasks are complex and/or detailed information is
required, a SWMS is developed using the template HSEF0303.2 Safe Work
Method Statement.
The SWMS may reference other documents that contain the details of the HSE
risk control measures to be applied, such as:

Technical or industry standards and codes
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
HSE procedures and checklists

Work instructions

Detailed hazard studies, e.g. lift studies
Simple tasks
For less complex tasks with simple controls, a completed JHA may be sufficient,
provided that it meets the intent of the SWMS, i.e.:

The JHA only documents the risks associated with that high risk
activity;

The high risk activity work is broken down into individual steps and the
risks are assessed at the activity level;

The controls are documented in detail and address the activity-level
risk; and

The JHA is signed by all members of the work party and approved by
the Line Manager.
All documents used to meet the intent of an SWMS are designed to:

Be easily read and understood by all those involved in the work,
including supervisors, workers, principal contractors, works managers
and any other persons on the work site;

Communicate the requirements that have been established to carry out
the high risk work in a safe manner; and

4.4.2 SWMS
Process
Communicate how following those requirements will make sure the
high risk work is done in a safe and healthy manner.
The contents of a SWMS provide clear direction on the control measures
to be implemented for a high risk work task. No statements are be made
that require a decision to be made by supervisors or workers (e.g. ‘use
appropriate PPE’ is inadequate: the exact PPE required must be
documented).
To complete a Safe Work Method Statement (SWMS), follow the template
provided in form HSEF0303.2 – Safe Work Method Statement Template.
Consult with others throughout the SWMS process.
Affected workers, safety representatives and relevant technical experts are
consulted throughout the development of the SWMS and this consultation is
documented (on HSEF0303.2 or an equivalent form).
Step 1 – Describe the high risk work activity

Identify all of the high risk work activities involved in the job - use the
checklist provided on HSEF0303.2, or see definition section of this
document;

Describe each high risk work activity in enough detail to properly
identify all the associated hazards and no activities with the potential to
cause accidents are left out; then

Break each high risk work activity into its component tasks or job steps
and, for each step, describe the environment where the task should be
undertaken.
Step 2 – Identify the resources required to perform each task
• All aspects of the work can contribute HSE risks, so everything is
assessed;
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•
Consider the resources and materials to be used, the manpower and
equipment required, the work location and worksite constraints, the
skills, competencies and training of the workers and any other
contributing aspects.
Step 3 – Identify the health and safety risks associated with each task

Perform a risk assessment for each component task of the high risk
work activity (as per the definition);

Specify the hazards relating to the high risk work, and score the risks to
health and safety associated with those hazards.
Step 4 – Develop and document appropriate control measures


Describe the control measures to be implemented to mitigate the risks;
Describe how each control will be implemented. Be specific, for
example;
- Specify the personal protective equipment (PPE) to be worn while
doing the task.
- Include the required processes to manage and dispose of hazardous
waste (see HSEP0914 Resource Use and Waste Management)

-
-
-
Provide clear instructions for undertaking the task in a safe manner,
such as:
How relevant workers are made aware of the risks, control
requirements and the precautions to be undertaken before starting
the task;
What do in case of emergency (reference any relevant emergency
procedures and personnel);
What measures are in place to ensure work is carried out following the
SWMS, and what to do if a breach of the SWMS requirements is
identified;
Instructions to ensure that the work area is left safe for others to use.
Step 5 – SWMS review and approval
The SWMS is reviewed by the Line Manager responsible for the work. The Line
Manager:

Reviews the hazards and risks and ensures they have been accurately
identified;

Reviews the risk controls and ensures they are adequate;

When satisfied that the risk controls are appropriate, approves and
signs the SWMS.
N.B. The SWMS must be signed by the Line Manager before work starts.
4.5 Existing risk
assessments
Where a JHA, EIA/EMP or SWMS has previously been completed for a work task
or activity, the existing risk assessment or risk management documentation
may be used for future instances of the same task or activity, provided:
• The work location, environment, hazards and methods have not
changed;
• The JHA, EIA/EMP or SWMS is reviewed and re-signed prior to use; and
• The JHA, EIA/EMP or SWMS is updated where changes have been made
or improvements can be identified.
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An existing risk assessment is reviewed:

Every time the job is undertaken;

When a process change or modification takes place;

Before out-of-service machinery or equipment is returned to use;

When the information is found to be inadequate; and/or
 Every 5 years (at minimum)
To review a pre-prepared risk assessment:
1. Review the job steps and note any changes or additions;
2. Update the risk assessments for any new/changed steps;
3. Update the control measures for any new/changed steps;
4. Evaluate all other control measures and update where improvements
can be made; and
5. Have the work party and relevant approver (e.g. Line Manager) re-sign
the risk assessment.
The risk assessment review is completed prior to starting the work activity (e.g.
at the pre-start meeting).
5
ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES (HSE)
Project Manager
Ensures that the appropriate level of risk assessment has been conducted for
the work to be done, that the controls are adequate (including seeking expert
advice where relevant) and that the nominated controls are in place before
work starts.
Line Manager
Reviews and approves risk management documents for work activities where:
Worker (including
contractors)
HSE Advisors
6

The residual (controlled) risk is Moderate or greater (JHA required); or

A high risk work activity is involved (SWMS required).
All workers on site are responsible for:

Ensuring they understand the hazards and risks associated with the
work;

Implementing the required controls and complying with HSE directives
from line management; and

Continually monitoring the HSE risks, reporting any hazards or
concerns, and updating the risk management documentation as
required.
HSE Advisors are members of the Sustainability and Safety team, Corporate
services. They can:

Provide advice on safety and environmental hazards, risks and controls;

Assist with HSE risk assessments; and

Review HSE risk assessments and provide expert advice.
DEFINITIONS
Accountable person
An individual who assumes responsibility for the health and safety of any other
person in a workplace and protection of the environment by providing
instruction, direction, expert advice or service. All management and supervisory
staff are considered ‘accountable persons’.
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As low as
reasonably
practicable (ALARP)
Often shortened to ALARP, “as low as reasonably practical” is the objective of
risk management.
Reasonably practicable means that which is, or was at a particular time,
reasonably able to be done to protect human health, safety, safety and the
environment, taking into account and weighing up all relevant matters
including:

The likelihood of the hazard or the risk concerned occurring;

The degree of harm that might result from the hazard or the risk;

What the person concerned knows, or ought reasonably to know, about
the hazard or risk, and ways of eliminating or minimising the risk;

The availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or minimise the risk;
and

After assessing the extent of the risk and the available ways of
eliminating or minimising the risk, the cost associated with available
ways of eliminating or minimising the risk, including whether the cost is
grossly disproportionate to the risk.
(Adapted from Safe Work Australia [2011] Interpretive Guideline – Model Work Health and Safety
Act: The Meaning of ‘Reasonably Practicable’; Department of Justice, Canberra.)
Consequence
Consequence is a measure of severity. It is the outcome or result of a particular
hazard occurring, usually the worst possible outcome of that hazard. It is used
to determine the risk score through risk assessment processes.
Hazard
An inherent characteristic of a material or activity etc. that could cause
unintended harm to person, environment or property.
High risk work
High risk work is any work activity that involves any of the following activities or
risks:
 Involves:
- demolition of a load-bearing structure, or structural alterations or repairs
that require temporary support to prevent collapse.
- the possible disturbance of asbestos.
- the use of explosives.
- the possibility of a person falling more than 2 metres.
- tilt-up or precast concrete.
- any movement of powered mobile plant on site.
- artificial extremes of temperature.
- working in or near water or otherwise involves a risk of drowning.
- diving.
 Is carried out in, on or near:
- a telecommunication tower.
- a confined space.
- a shaft or trench (depth greater than 1.5 m) or tunnel.
- pressurised gas distribution mains.
- piping chemical, fuel or refrigerant lines.
- energised electrical installations or services.
- a road, railway, shipping lane or other traffic corridor.
- an area that may have a contaminated or flammable atmosphere.
(As per regulation 291 of the Work Health and Safety Regulations 2011)
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HSEP0303–Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) & Safe Work Method Statement
Revision 5
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CAUTION: Printed Document is Uncontrolled
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Impact activity
Any works connected with Hydro Tasmania’s assets and activities, including
those not previously performed or well understood, that have the potential for
significant environmental impact (e.g. medium to large scale operational,
maintenance and construction works), including but not limited to:
- work within the World Heritage Area or other reserved land;
- construction of new or amended structures;
- disturbance of vegetation, fauna or fauna habitat;
- disturbing or covering ground surface;
- modifying water levels or flows;
- working on or crossing over land not owned by or vested in Hydro
Tasmania;
- work involving use of oils, fuels or other chemicals;
- work involving management of waste materials including controlled wastes,
stormwater & sewerage;
- work involving emission, discharge, or release of anything to air, water, or
land;
- construction of new access and work areas;
- work that is located over, on or below water;
- work on items of moderate or greater heritage significance or covered by a
conservation management plan; or
- works requiring the approval of a statutory authority/regulator.
Likelihood
Likelihood is a measure of probability. It is the chance that a particular hazard
will occur, usually within a defined time period. It is used to determine the risk
score through risk assessment processes.
Line manager
An employee (Hydro Tasmania or contractor) who holds authority in a vertical
'line' (chain of command) and to whom queries can be addressed and approvals
be sought.
Risk
Risk is the product of the likelihood of any event occurring and the
consequence of that event occurring. Risk is considered to be the chance of
something happening that will have an impact on objectives. Risk may have a
positive or negative impact and is often specified in terms of an event or
circumstances and the consequences that may flow from it.
Risk, uncontrolled
The level of risk that exists before any control measures are put in place. Also
called inherent risk.
Risk, controlled
The level of risk that remains after controls have been applied. Also called
residual risk.
Work Instructions
Work instructions are written instructions for standardised tasks that outline
the approved and preferred method of undertaking a task whilst emphasising
ways to reduce any risk(s) of harm to people, property, environment or
production. These can include documents such as approved
operational/environmental/safety procedures or plans, as well as routine
maintenance or inspection instructions.
Where a JHA, SWMP and/or EMP has been completed for a standard task (a
repeated work activity that retains the same risks), that assessment(s) may be
used to generate a work instruction that describes how the work activity will be
done. The work instruction may be used in place of other risk management
documents only where the work activity, hazards and controls have not
changed.
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HSE
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HSEP0303–Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) & Safe Work Method Statement
Revision 5
(SWMS) Procedure
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RELATED DOCUMENTS & RESOURCES
HSEP0301
Hazard Identification and Risk Management procedure
HSEF0301.1
Environmental Impact Assessment and Management Plan
HSER0302.1
Strategic Safety Risk Register
HSER0302.2
Strategic Environmental Risk Register
HSEF0303.1
JHA template
HSEF0303.2
SWMS template
Workplace Hazard Register
Integrated Business Risk Management (IBRM) standard
Hydro Tasmania Web Map (GIS) – Environment and heritage map viewer
8
REVISION HISTORY
Revision
number
Revision
date
Detailed revision description
Reviewed by
Approved by
0
1 Oct
2004
Original document created.
OH&S management
review team
OH&S
management
review team
1
27 March
2007
Revision 1.
OH&S management
review team
OH&S
management
review team
2
Sept 2009
Procedure revised and updated.
Field safety officers
Mick Cuppari
3
1 July
2010
Revised for environmental.
Field safety and
environmental officers
Mick Cuppari
4
Dec 2010
Critical procedure review update supersedes document ID: DMS-73656.
Reformatted.
Critical procedure
review team
Evangelista
Albertini
5
June 2013
Reviewed against WHS Act 2012, SWMS
added, roles defined.
HSE Team
Bjӧrn Lϋnstedt
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HSEP0303–Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) & Safe Work Method Statement
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APPENDIX A - RISK ASSESSMENT TOOLS
The risk assessment tables below provide the information required to effectively assess HSE risks for
the purpose of performing a JHA or SWMS. The tables are also provided on HSEF0303.1 – JHA
Template.
8.1
Likelihood categories
LIKELIHOOD - The probability that the identified consequence will occur, taking into account proximity and exposure to
the hazard
A. Almost certain
Over 90% probability, or 'Happens Often', or Could occur within 'days to weeks'
B. Likely
60% to 90% probability, or 'Could easily happen', or Could occur within 'weeks to months'
C. Possible
20% to 60% probability, or 'Could happen has occurred before', or Could occur 'within a year or so'
D. Unlikely
5% to 20% probability, or 'Hasn't happened yet but could,' or Could occur 'after several years'
E. Rare
1% to 5% probability, or Conceivable, but only in extreme circumstances, or Exceptionally unlikely, even
in the longer term, or A '100 year event'
F. Extremely rare
Less than 1% probability, or Conceivable, but only in extreme circumstances, or Exceptionally unlikely,
even in the longer term, or A '100 year event'
8.2
Consequence categories
CONSEQUENCE (impact) - The most likely result of contact with the hazard
Consequence
(impact)
Injury to
people
1.
Insignificant
First-aid
treatment minor cuts,
bruises, bumps
Medical
treatment
injury
2.
Minor
3.
Moderate
Serious injury permanent
disability,
amputation
4.
Major
Single fatality
and/or severe
irreversible
disability
(>30%) to one
or more
persons
5.
Extreme
Multiple
fatalities, or
significant
irreversible
effects to >50
persons
6.
Catastrophic
Significant
number of
fatalities
Environmental impact
Financial loss
Negligible or no environmental harm or environmental nuisance,
e.g.
- contained oil spill <20 litres
- possible incidental and local impact on flora and fauna
Material environmental harm or an environmental nuisance, but
prosecution unlikely, local publicity only, local nuisance impacts
on community, e.g.
- technical breaches of legal requirements regardless of harm or
nuisance
- spills to waterways <200 litres where dispersal/clean-up is simple
Serious environmental harm, possible prosecution, local state
publicity e.g.
- significant loss of oil (4000L to land, several 100L to water)
- ecosystem impact such as fish kill that requires follow up
monitoring and recovery with expert input and control
Serious environmental harm, prosecution probable, national
publicity, reputation impacts, political and licence implications e.g.
- Significant ecosystem impact with residual effects likely after
follow up
- large loss to waterways e.g. 8,000 litres, esp. if drinking water
affected
Negligible
Production
loss on system
or to client
Level 1
$1k – 100k
Level 2
$100K –
$10M
Level 3
$10m –
$50m
Level 4
Serious environmental harm, prosecution certain, severely
affected reputation, international attention possible, probable
licence restrictions e.g.
- loss of 20,000L oil to water, or to sensitive land area
- significant impact on regional ecosystem, with significant
residual effects likely
$50m –
$150m
n/a
Serious environmental harm, prosecution certain with jail terms,
licence restrictions, severe reputation impact, international
attention e.g.
- significant impact on regional ecosystem with eventual recovery
impossible
- catastrophic dam failure
>$150m
n/a
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8.3
HSEP0303–Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) & Safe Work Method Statement
Revision 5
(SWMS) Procedure
CAUTION: Printed Document is Uncontrolled
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Risk level matrix
CONSEQUENCE (Impact)
LIKELIHOOD
1.
Insignificant
2.
Minor
3.
Moderate
4.
Major
5.
Extreme
6.
Catastrophic
High
High
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
Moderate
High
High
Extreme
Extreme
Extreme
Low
Moderate
High
High
Extreme
Extreme
Low
Moderate
High
High
Extreme
Extreme
Low
Low
Moderate
High
High
Extreme
Low
Low
Low
Moderate
Moderate
High
A.
Almost certain
B.
Likely
C.
Possible
D.
Unlikely
E.
Rare
F.
Extremely rare
8.4 Hierarchy of controls
Select control measures from as high up the hierarchy as possible in order to most effectively manage
HSE risks.
Note: A combination of controls may be necessary to effectively mitigate a risk
Hierarchy of Controls
Control
Examples
1. Eliminate
Repair damaged equipment; replace a chemical process with a mechanical or physical one. If this is not
practical then:
2. Substitute
With a safer alternative. Break larger loads into smaller, lighter loads; use a less toxic material. If this is
not practical, then:
3. Isolate
Install barriers to restrict access to hazardous work areas, electrical isolation and permit systems. If this is
not practical, then:
4. Engineering
Place a guard on dangerous parts; extract fumes, dust, use a lifting device to do all lifting in workplace. If
this is not practical, then:
5. Administrate
6. PPE
Rotate jobs to reduce time spent on a single task, train staff in safe work procedures, documented
procedures, rules. If this is not practical, then:
Use safety footwear, helmets, earmuffs etc. These rely on appropriate human behaviour to minimise the
risk
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