ZBM – Gen 2.8
Installation and Operation Manual
Model: Gen 2.8 Zinc-Bromide flowing electrolyte battery (ZBM)
Rating: 3 kW / 8 kWh
Version: 0.1
ZBM Gen 2.8 - Installation and Operation
Thank you for purchasing the RedFlow ZBM.
RedFlow’s ZBM represents the state-of-the-art in zinc-bromide flow battery technology.
It is designed as a modular battery to be integrated into electricity storage systems.
For Sales and Technical Support, RedFlow can be contacted at:
RedFlow Limited
ABN 49 130 227 271
AUSTRALIA
27 Counihan Road
Seventeen Mile Rocks
Brisbane
QLD 4073
W:
www.redflow.com
T:
+61 7 3376 0008
F:
+61 7 3376 3751
E:
tech.support@redflow.com
sales@redflow.com
Office hours:
8:30am to 5:00pm, Brisbane, Australia
Monday - Friday
USA
Albuquerque, NM 87108
E:
tech.support@redflow.com
sales@redflow.com
© 2014. RedFlow Limited. All Rights Reserved.
Any reproduction, modification, or electronic transmission of this publication requires the
prior written authorisation of RedFlow Limited.
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ZBM Gen 2.8 - Installation and Operation
Table of Contents
Table of Figures ......................................................................................... 5
Table of Tables .......................................................................................... 5
1.
Introduction ..................................................................................... 6
1.1.
2.
Safety and Handling .......................................................................... 8
2.1.
2.2.
3.
About the ZBM ................................................................................... 6
Electrolyte Characteristics.................................................................... 8
2.1.1.
Bromine and Bromine Complex................................................. 9
2.1.2.
Gas Emissions ...................................................................... 10
2.1.3.
Electrolyte Leaks .................................................................. 11
2.1.4.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ....................................... 11
ZBM Handling, Storage and Transport ................................................. 12
2.2.1.
Handling Dry ZBMs (without electrolyte inside) ......................... 12
2.2.2.
Handling Wet ZBMs (full of electrolyte) .................................... 13
2.2.3.
Storing Dry ZBMs (without electrolyte inside) ........................... 13
2.2.4.
Storing electrolyte not contained in a ZBM. .............................. 13
2.2.5.
Storing Wet ZBMs (full of electrolyte) ...................................... 14
2.2.6.
Transporting Dry ZBMs (without electrolyte inside) ................... 14
2.2.7.
Transporting electrolyte not contained in a ZBM ....................... 14
2.2.8.
Transporting Wet ZBMs (full of electrolyte) .............................. 14
2.3.
ZBM Battery Voltage Hazard .............................................................. 15
2.4.
ZBM Fire Safety Characteristics .......................................................... 15
ZBM Components ............................................................................. 16
3.1.
Gen 2.5 ZBM Flow Battery ................................................................. 16
3.2.
Mk Box ............................................................................................ 17
3.3.
Sensor Analog Loom ......................................................................... 19
3.4.
DC Looms ........................................................................................ 19
4.
ZBM Installation and Connection ........................................................ 20
5.
ZBM Operation................................................................................. 24
6.
5.1.
Operating “From Empty” ................................................................... 24
5.2.
ZBM Operating Modes ....................................................................... 24
5.3.
Standard ZBM Cycle.......................................................................... 25
5.4.
Shutdown Procedure ......................................................................... 26
ZBM Control and Communications ...................................................... 27
6.1.
ZBM Status Registers (0x9001 – 0x900F) ............................................ 27
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7.
8.
6.2.
Read (Data) Registers (0x9010 to 0x90FF) .......................................... 28
6.3.
Write Registers (0x9100 to 0x91FF) .................................................... 29
6.4.
Operating the ZBM ........................................................................... 29
6.5.
Logging Mandatory Registers ............................................................. 29
ZBM Wear and Failure Processes ........................................................ 30
7.1.1.
Leaks .................................................................................. 30
7.1.2.
Stack degradation ................................................................. 30
7.1.3.
Incorrect Operation ............................................................... 30
7.1.4.
Electrolyte Contamination ...................................................... 30
7.1.5.
Pump Failures ...................................................................... 30
7.1.6.
Electronics and Electrical Failures............................................ 31
7.1.7.
Over Temperature ................................................................ 31
ZBM Maintenance ............................................................................. 32
8.1.
Condition Monitoring Maintenance ...................................................... 32
8.2.
Periodic Maintenance ........................................................................ 32
8.2.1.
Periodic Remote Monitoring .................................................... 32
8.2.2.
Periodic On-Site Maintenance ................................................. 33
Appendix A
Abbreviations and Definitions .................................................. 34
Appendix B
RedFlow Warranty for the ZBM ................................................ 35
Appendix C
Addressing ZBM Electrolyte Spills/Leaks ................................... 36
Appendix D
ZBM Register Information ....................................................... 39
ZBM Status Registers (0x9001 – 0x900F) ...................................................... 39
Read (Data) Registers (0x9010 to 0x90FF) .................................................... 42
Write Registers (0x9100 to 0x91FF).............................................................. 43
Appendix E
Minor Maintenance Checklist ................................................... 44
Appendix F
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte Safety Datasheet ........................... 45
Appendix G
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte Safety Datasheet (Uncharged)......... 58
Appendix H
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte Safety Datasheet (Waste) ............... 71
Document Revision History......................................................................... 84
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Table of Figures
FIGURE 2.1: YELLOW ELECTROLYTE PHASE AND DENSER DARK RED BROMINE COMPLEX PHASE. ....................... 9
FIGURE 2.2: VAPOUR PRESSURE FOR 100% CHARGED BROMINE COMPLEX (1500G/L), BATTERY ELECTROLYTE
(15G/L) AND PURE BROMINE. ...................................................................................................................... 10
FIGURE 2.3: A FORKLIFT USING THE LISTING STRAPS TO LIFT 2 ZBMS ................................................................. 13
FIGURE 3.1: GEN 2.5 ZBM ZINC BROMINE BATTERY MODULE ............................................................................. 16
FIGURE 3.2: ZBM TERMINAL PLATES AND PUMPS ............................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 3.3: MK BOX SIDE CONNECTIONS ............................................................................................................ 18
FIGURE 3.4: MK BOX BOTTOM CONNECTIONS ..................................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 3.5 : SENSOR ANALOG LOOM .................................................................................................................. 19
FIGURE 5.1: AN EXAMPLE OF THE REDFLOW ZBM’S STANDARD CYCLE ............................................................... 26
Table of Tables
TABLE 1.1: ZBM ELECTRICAL OPERATING ENVELOPE ............................................................................................. 6
TABLE 1.2: ZBM PHYSICAL AND COMMUNICATIONS CHARACTERISTICS ............................................................... 7
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ZBM Gen 2.8 - Installation and Operation
1. Introduction
This manual is for RedFlow’s DC flowing electrolyte battery
product, the Gen 2.8 Zinc-Bromine Module (ZBM).
It provides information on this battery’s installation, operation
and maintenance.
1.1. About the ZBM
RedFlow’s Gen 2.8 ZBM is a modular flow battery rated at 3kW &
8kWh. With appropriate ancillary circuitry, multiple ZBMs can be
connected together in parallel and series arrays.
The ZBM is ideally suited to deep cycling and long cycle life
energy storage applications requiring multiple hours of discharge
on a daily basis. It can operate to 100%, or partial depths of
discharge without a reduction in operating life.
The ZBM battery consists of:

Gen 2.8 ZBM flow battery (including electrolyte )

Mk Box

Sensor Analog Loom

DC Looms
Battery operation is controlled and managed by the internals of
the Mk Box. Operation of ZBMs must be kept within the
boundaries of the operating envelope set out in Table 1.1 to
ensure correct operation and also comply with the warranty
conditions set out in Appendix B. It should be noted that in
applications where one ZBM would not be able to remain within
the operating envelope, adding another ZBM will often bring the
performance demands on each ZBM back inside the envelope.
Table 1.1: ZBM Electrical Operating Envelope
Power Range
0kW to 2.5kW during charge
0kW to 3kW during discharge
Net Energy Range
0kWh (0% SOC) to 8kWh (100% SOC)
DC Voltage Operating Range
40 to 57V
Auxiliary Power
Requirements
N/A
Operating Battery
Temperature Range
5 to 50 °C (41 to 122 °F)
Maintenance Cycle
Frequency
At least once every 120 hours of zinc pump
operation.
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The physical and communications characteristics of the ZBM
can be found in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2: ZBM Physical and Communications Characteristics
Dimensions
830 L x 823 H x 400 W (mm)
32.7 L x 32.4 H x 15.7 W (in)
Weight
239 kg (526 lb) with electrolyte
88 kg (194 lb) without electrolyte
Electrolyte Volume
100 L (26 Gal)
Module Geometry
Two parallel stacks of 33 cells
Dangerous Goods Class
DG Class 8 for electrolyte or ZBMs
containing any trace of electrolyte
Shelf Life
Indefinite
Orientation
The ZBM must be kept in an upright
position (orientation shown in Figure 3.1)
at all times of operation, storage, handling
and transportation
Operating Conditions
Stationery applications on flat, level
surfaces only
Ventilation
The ZBM must be adequately ventilated
with minimum airflow of 150L/s (540 m3/h)
per ZBM
Communications
MODBUS RTU
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ZBM Gen 2.8 - Installation and Operation
2. Safety and Handling
All low voltage (LV) wiring must be performed by
licensed electrical personnel who are responsible for
ensuring that all local and government regulations and
standards are complied with.
The following general safety rules apply for any operation of the
ZBM batteries.

Use tools with insulated handles to make connections.

Do not smoke.

Check that cable connections between the ZBM and the
rest of the Energy Storage System are tightened to the
recommended torque values (see Section 0).

Even when disconnected, a ZBM battery can remain
charged and have voltage on the battery terminals.
There are also four main areas of safety specifically relevant to
the ZBM battery.

Electrolyte characteristics

ZBM handling, storage and transport

ZBM battery voltage

ZBM fire safety characteristics
These are explained in detail in the sections below.
2.1. Electrolyte Characteristics
The RedFlow ZBM is a flowing electrolyte battery containing
approximately 100L (26gal) of water-based zinc-bromide
electrolyte.
The ZBM electrolyte is an aqueous (water-based) solution of zinc
bromide salt usually including additional supporting salts and
complexing agents.
The electrochemical process of charging a ZBM battery alters the
electrolyte. Zinc ions are plated out as metallic zinc, and bromide
ions become linked with the complexing agents in the electrolyte
to form a separate dense Bromine Complex phase.
Electrolyte is yellow to orange in colour, while the Bromine
Complex phase is dark red (see Figure 2.1). This complex phase
has a higher density and readily separates (sinks) from the
aqueous electrolyte phase and can be described as “oil-like”.
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Yellow electrolyte
Dark red Complex
Figure 2.1: Yellow electrolyte phase and denser dark red
bromine complex phase.
The following Safety Datasheets (SDS) are included in this
manual:
Appendix F: RedFlow Battery Electrolyte SDS
Appendix G: RedFlow Battery Electrolyte SDS (Uncharged)
Appendix H: RedFlow Battery Electrolyte SDS (Waste)
For ZBM electrolyte that has never been charged, refer to the
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte SDS (Uncharged).
The RedFlow Battery Electrolyte SDS in Appendix F should be
used for electrolyte that contains Bromine Complex.
Personnel responsible for handling the ZBM’s
electrolyte, including when cleaning up an electrolyte
spill, must be aware of the content of these Safety
Datasheets and the following safety information.
2.1.1.
Bromine and Bromine Complex
ZBM electrolyte contains Bromine ions, which are complexed with
a quaternary ammonium salt (N-ethyl-Nmethylpyrrolidiniumbromide, or MEP) to form the separate dense
bromine complex phase, as the battery is charged.
MEP maintains the concentration of elemental Bromine in the
aqueous electrolyte at very low levels, of approximately 0.04
mol/L. MEP also reduces the vapour pressure of Bromine above
the liquid to levels well below that of pure bromine.
Figure 2.2 shows the significantly lower vapour pressures of
bromine complex (with 1500g/l of Bromine) and charged aqueous
electrolyte (with 15g/l of Bromine), compared to pure Bromine.
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Figure 2.2: Vapour pressure for 100% charged Bromine complex
(1500g/l), battery electrolyte (15g/L) and pure Bromine.
Studies of both small and large leaks of Bromine complex have
shown that the concentration of Bromine evaporation in the air is
well below the safe long-term working level of 0.1 ppm (as
specified by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration
and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health in the
United States). In this complexed form, Bromine is:

Easy to detect early via its chlorine-like smell

Easy to neutralize (e.g. with sodium bicarbonate or
ammonia)

Poses no fire risk (Bromine is actually used in many fire
retardants)
Despite the fact that there is a very low risk of being exposed to
unsafe Bromine gas levels, all personnel involved in opening a
ZBM to fill it with electrolyte, clean up an electrolyte spill, or
empty electrolyte from a ZBM, must wear the appropriate
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (refer to Section 2.1.3).
Bromine has a chlorine-like smell and if this is detected,
operation of the ZBM should be ceased and the user should
investigate whether there are any electrolyte leaks.
2.1.2.
Gas Emissions
No gas is emitted during normal operation of the ZBM. However,
there may be small amounts of potentially hazardous hydrogen
and/or bromine gases emitted via the ZBM’s pressure relief
valve, as a result of an operational issue. This gas is
automatically diverted to the ZBM’s Catch Can, which traps gases
before they reach areas external to the ZBM, reducing the
concentration of any emissions. Regardless, energy storage
systems containing ZBMs should be located in areas designed to
ensure adequate ventilation, as stated in Section Error!
Reference source not found..
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2.1.3.
Electrolyte Leaks
The presence of liquid electrolyte in the ZBM means that there is
potential for a spill to occur.
Any electrolyte leak or spill should be cleaned up in accordance
with Appendix C.
Spills and leaks of ZBM electrolyte should be cleaned up
immediately and not left as the ZBM electrolyte does
not readily evaporate.
Electrolyte can be contained in readily available polyethylenelined containers or bunding. This is the same material that the
electrolyte tanks are made of.
2.1.4.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
The following, or equivalent, personal protection equipment must
be worn when handling electrolyte or cleaning up an electrolyte
leak.
Respirator: Moldex half-face pre-assembled respirator with
multi-gas/vapour cartridges (available from
Protector Alsafe (www.protectoralsafe.com.au),
product code 8602A, part number 0109 0268)
Goggles:
Bollé Blast Duo goggles (available from Protector
Alsafe, product code 1669209, part number 0708
2887)
Gloves:
Prosafe Premium 806 Blue PVC Gauntlets (available
from Protector Alsafe, part number 07841563)
Spill kits should be kept on hand at all times. 62 litre Hazchem
spill kits can be sourced from Global Spill Control at:
http://www.globalspill.com.au/?gclid=CMTvvobp64CFYJLpgodSBzjwQ
It should be noted that there is approximately 100L of electrolyte
in each ZBM, and while any leak would be unlikely to result in
more than a few milliliters of electrolyte escaping, there is
potential for a leak of up to 100L to occur.
RedFlow’s technical support can also provide additional details on
how to clean up an electrolyte leak. Contact details are provided
inside the front cover of this manual.
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2.2. ZBM Handling, Storage and Transport
The ZBM should always be operated, handled, stored
and transported in the upright position.
The ZBM can be delivered in one of two states:
1. Dry ZBM with electrolyte delivered in separate transport
containers. This then requires the ZBM to be filled with
electrolyte prior to use. Please contact RedFlow for an
additional guide for this procedure. A dry ZBM without
electrolyte weighs 88 kg (194 lb).
2. Wet ZBM with electrolyte pre-filled. A wet ZBM with
electrolyte weighs 239 kg (526 lb).
A ZBM filled with electrolyte, as well as a ZBM that once
contained electrolyte, must be handled, stored and
transported as an item with a Dangerous Goods
Classification of 8.
ZBMs that have never contained electrolyte do not
require a Dangerous Goods rating or similar
considerations during handling.
2.2.1.
Handling Dry ZBMs (without electrolyte inside)
Dry ZBMs are relatively light (88 kg, 194 lb) because they do not
contain any electrolyte. Despite this, any handling should involve
the use of the lifting straps supplied with the ZBM and a forklift
or similar lifting mechanism (Figure 2.3) with two personnel on
hand.
The ZBM should never be lifted or manhandled via the
battery stack. Always lift and manhandle the ZBM from
the bottom tank.
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Figure 2.3: A forklift using the listing straps to lift 2 ZBMs
2.2.2.
Handling Wet ZBMs (full of electrolyte)
Wet ZBMs are significantly heavier than dry ZBMs (at 239 kg,
526 lb). As such, any handling must involve the use of the ZBM’s
lifting straps with a forklift or similar lifting mechanism with two
personnel on hand.
2.2.3.
Storing Dry ZBMs (without electrolyte inside)
ZBMs can be stored indefinitely in their dry state. In all cases,
ZBMs should be stored on a flat, stable surface in an upright
position. The storage area should be dry and ventilated, that is, a
closed cycle air-conditioned space is not considered suitable.
ZBMs should be stored in areas that do not receive direct
sunlight, as ultraviolet rays can breakdown the ZBM’s
polyethylene components.
The ambient temperature should remain between 5 and 45 °C (41
to 113 °F).
2.2.4.
Storing electrolyte not contained in a ZBM.
Discharged electrolyte that is not contained in a ZBM must be
stored in accordance with Section 7 of the RedFlow Battery
Electrolyte Safety Datasheet which is found in Appendix F. In
general, appropriately labeled, robust HDPE (High Density
Polyethylene) containers should be used – the ZBM’s electrolyte
tanks are considered to meet this requirement as are commercial
HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) UN-certified Intermediate Bulk
Containers (IBCs) conforming to the BK2 standard as specified by
the Australian Code for the Transport of Dangerous Goods by
Road & Rail [1].
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2.2.5.
Storing Wet ZBMs (full of electrolyte)
ZBMs can be stored indefinitely in their wet state, but must
always be fully discharged. Wet ZBMs are classified as
Dangerous Goods Class 8.
In all cases, ZBMs should be stored on a flat, stable surface in an
upright position. The storage area should be dry and ventilated to
the atmosphere, that is, a closed cycle air-conditioned space is
not suitable. ZBMs should also be stored in areas that do not
receive direct sunlight, as ultraviolet rays can breakdown the
ZBM’s polyethylene components.
The ambient temperature should remain between 5 and 45 °C (41
and 113 °F).
If ZBMs are stored in their wet state, it is recommended that
secondary containment is provided in the event of an accidental
leak or spill.
2.2.6.
Transporting Dry ZBMs (without electrolyte inside)
Care should be taken to transport the ZBMs in an upright
position. If packaging is required a sturdy cardboard box can be
used to manage the Dry ZBM weight of 88 kg (194 lb).
Any ZBM that has previously contained electrolyte will still
contain traces of electrolyte, and should thus be transported as
per Section 2.2.8.
2.2.7.
Transporting electrolyte not contained in a ZBM
The RedFlow Battery Electrolyte Safety Datasheet in Appendix F
identifies the transport categories for the separately shipped ZBM
electrolyte. However, it is important to note that all transport of
ZBM electrolyte must also conform to local and/or international
regulations. In general, robust HDPE (High Density Polyethylene)
UN-certified Intermediate Bulk Containers (IBCs) conforming to
the BK2 standard as specified by the Australian Code for the
Transport of Dangerous Goods by Road & Rail [1] should be
used.
2.2.8.
Transporting Wet ZBMs (full of electrolyte)
Care should be taken to transport the ZBMs in an upright position
to avoid possible electrolyte leaks.
If packaging is required, suitable materials should be used to
manage the Wet ZBM weight of 239 kg (526 lb).
Any ZBM that contains electrolyte, or traces of electrolyte should
be transported in accordance with the RedFlow Battery
Electrolyte Safety Datasheet in Appendix F. However, it is
important to note that all transport of wet ZBMs must also
conform to local and/or international regulations. Where
possible, transport wet ZBMs in an area that has secondary
containment, for example, a catchment tray or bunding.
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2.3. ZBM Battery Voltage Hazard
A single ZBM can have between 0V and 57V DC on the battery
terminals during operation. The voltage across the battery
terminals will be 0V when it is fully discharged and it is not
connected to any other power source. See Figure 3.2 to identify
the battery terminals. While the ZBM should be fully discharged
(terminal voltage at 0V) during transportation or storage, care
should be taken in case the terminals are live.
Depending on the application, several ZBMs may be
connected together in series generating higher and
more dangerous DC voltages. Therefore, only qualified
personnel should operate the ZBM with appropriate
safety measures in place to avoid harm to others and
themselves. This should include clear signage of
unsafe voltages, and the presence of high-voltage
safety and resuscitation equipment, as well as lowvoltage training for key personnel.
2.4. ZBM Fire Safety Characteristics
The ZBM is an inherently low fire risk battery as its electrolyte is
non-flammable and has many characteristics of a fire retardant
(see Section 5 in the SDS in Appendix F, Appendix G and
Appendix H).
As a failsafe measure, the ZBM automatically shuts its electrolyte
pumps off if it detects a leak. This prevents further electrolyte
from being introduced into the battery’s stack. This means that
the battery cannot self-sustain an energy discharge. While there
will be a slight increase in temperature, these measures prevent
a thermal-runaway situation from occurring. When safe, the ZBM
automatically discharges any remaining energy in the stack and
will remain in a discharged state until manual intervention
occurs.
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3. ZBM Components
The ZBM battery consists of four main components, explained in
detail in each of the sections below:

Gen 2.5 ZBM Flow Battery

Mk Box

Sensor Analog Loom

DC Looms
3.1. Gen 2.5 ZBM Flow Battery
RedFlow’s ZBM is a zinc-bromide flowing electrolyte battery. The
standard Gen 2.8 ZBM (see Figure 3.1) is rated at 3kW
continuous discharge power and has a rated capacity of 8kWh of
energy.
2 x electrode
stacks
Mk Box
Gas
Handling
Units
141V DC
electrolyte
circulation
pumps (zinc and
bromine pumps)
Cooling
Fan
Zinc and bromine
electrolyte tanks
(electrolyte volume is
approx. 100L / 26gal)
823 mm
(32.4 in)
Serial Number
239 kg (526lb) with
electrolyte
830 mm (32.7 in)
Figure 3.1: Gen 2.5 ZBM Zinc Bromine Battery Module
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NOTE: Mk Box and Catch
Can are not shown here to
allow other components to
be shown.
Negative
Terminals
Positive
Terminals
Zinc
Electrolyte
Pump
Bromine
Electrolyte
Pump
Battery
Temperature
Sensor Slot
Patio Leak
Sensor Slot
Figure 3.2: ZBM Terminal Plates and Pumps
3.2. Mk Box
The ZBM is a “smart” battery that comes with in-built intelligence
to protect the ZBM battery and allowing the user to gain more
information about operation and any issues that arise. Default
communication is via MODBUS, which allows the user to read and
write data points needed to control and monitor the state of the
ZBM. Further information about these points is given in Section
6.
The Mk Box is mounted on to the ZBM battery’s terminals and is
also where connections are made to the ZBM from any external
system or communications device. The required connections are
shown below in Figure 3.3 and Figure 3.4.
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Zinc Pump, Cooling Fan and
Bromine Pump Power
(internal ZBM connections)
COMS
Port 1
COMS
Port 2
Analog Loom COMS
(internal ZBM connection)
Figure 3.3: Mk Box Side Connections
Regular
Maintenance
Terminal
(Internal ZBM
Connection)
Negative (-) ZBM Terminal
(Internal ZBM connection)
Positive (+) ZBM Terminal
(Internal ZBM connection)
Negative (-)
Bus Terminal
Positive (+)
Bus Terminal
Figure 3.4: Mk Box Bottom Connections
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3.3. Sensor Analog Loom
An IP67-rated waterproof Sensor Analogue Loom (see Figure 3.5)
with 12-pin UT connector connects to the Mk Box and includes
two temperature sensors and two leak sensors.
Floor Leak Sensor
UT Connector
Temperature
Sensors
Patio Leak Sensor
Figure 3.5 : Sensor Analog Loom
All sensors provide information to the ZBM’s internal intelligence
to aid in optimal operation of the ZBM. The locations of the
sensors and instructions on connecting the Sensor Analog Loom
are described in Section 4.
3.4. DC Looms
The ZBM includes three DC looms with waterproof UT connectors
that provide DC power to the ZBM’s pumps and cooling fan from
the Mk Box. These are:

Cooling Fan (3-pin UT connector with no heat shrink)

Zinc Pump (5-pin UT connector with white heat shrink)

Bromine Pump (5-pin UT connector with red heat shrink)
Directions detailing how to connect DC looms are given in Section
4.
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4. ZBM Installation and Connection
This section lists the steps to perform in installing and connecting
a wet ZBM, such as into an energy storage system or into a
laboratory test environment.
All DC wiring must conform to local standards and
regulations for a maximum current of 150A.
Step 1
Check for any electrolyte leaks both visually and by
the presence of a chlorine-like smell. If a leak is
present, do not operate the ZBM and contact
RedFlow. Contact details are provided inside the
front cover of this manual. Leaks should be cleaned
up in accordance with Appendix C. Appendix F
contains the SDS for electrolyte.
Step 2
Check all hoses are securely fitted with hose clamps
and have not disconnected during transport.
Step 3
Using a multimeter, check that the ZBM is fully
discharged by ensuring the voltage across the
terminals (as shown in Figure 3.2) is 0V when
disconnected from any bus.
Step 4
Remove the masking tape from the Catch Can’s vent
hole. The Catch Can is designed to trap gas that is
automatically diverted to it, before these gases
reach areas external to the ZBM.
Completely
Remove
Masking Tape
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Step 5
Inspect to make sure that the ZBM Viton capillary
tubes have not been damaged during transportation
or installation. Also check to make sure each end of
the tubes are securely connected and are not
hanging free.
Step 6
Using a forklift, crane or lifting device (as shown in
Section 2.2), place the ZBM into the prepared
location. Ensure care is taken to avoid damage to
the battery. It is recommended that Steps 1-5 be
repeated once the ZBM is in its required location.
Step 7
Ensure all elements of the Sensor Analog Loom are
located in the correct positions. The short ambient
leak sensor should be on the floor or tray at the
base of the ZBM. The patio leak sensor (see Figure
3.2) and the temperature sensors should already be
installed in their correct locations as shown below.
Ensure the Sensor Analog Loom is connected to the
Mk Box via the UT connector.
Battery
Temperature
Sensor Slot
(under catch can)
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Zinc
Electrolyte
Pump
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Ambient
Temperature
Sensor
Step 8
Cooling Fan
(may be black
in colour)
Connect the respective the DC Looms to their
matching Mk Box connections via the colour-coded
UT connectors:

The 5-pin UT connector with white heat shrink
is for the zinc pump.

The 5-pin UT connector with red heat shrink is
for the bromine pump.

The 3-pin UT connector with no heat shrink
(black connector only) is for the cooling fan.
Step 9
Connect any external systems or controllers
requiring communication with the ZBM via the
Ethernet COMS ports on the Mk Box (see Figure
3.3).
Step 10
Connect the positive and negative bus terminals on
the Mk Box to the bus.
Step 11
Tidy the ZBM’s lifting straps away neatly. They
remain on the ZBM.
Step 12
Ensure the ZBM terminal connections to the Mk Box
are correctly torqued to 12Nm (8.85 lb-ft) (see
Figure 3.2).
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Correctly torqueing the battery terminal connections is
critical. If they are not sufficiently tight then heat can
be generated during high current operation leading to
ZBM failure.
It is recommended that a thermal imaging camera be
used to monitor ZBM performance to ensure there are
no such heat spots. ZBM failure arising from
incorrectly torqued battery terminal connections is not
covered by warranty (see Appendix B).
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5. ZBM Operation
This section provides some background information about the
operation of the ZBM. At all times, the ZBM must remain intact,
with all fittings and components connected as new.
5.1. Operating “From Empty”
The ZBM’s default state of charge is fully discharged, and it can
remain in this state indefinitely. ZBMs are charged from 0% state
of charge up to the desired capacity at or below 100%, and then
discharged from there. Typically, constant power charge and
discharge modes are used, but the variable supply from a PV
array on a cloudy day is equally effective.
5.2. ZBM Operating Modes
Operation of the ZBM involves charging, discharging, floating,
regular maintenance and dumping.
Charging
In the Charge state the ZBM is charged until the charging source
is removed, or the ZBM has become fully charged and the Mk Box
disconnects it from the charging source to protect the ZBM.
Charge rate is determined by the charge source.
Discharging
The ZBM discharges to a connected load or to the connected grid
when it is in the Discharge state. Discharge rate is determined by
the load or externally through a control system. Again, the Mk
Box protects against excessive current draw. The ZBM will reach
its end of discharge state when the discharge load/grid is no
longer present, or the ZBM has become fully discharged.
Floating
At any state of charge, the mode can be changed to Float, where
the battery neither charges nor discharges via the contactor.
However, the ZBM will self-discharge over this time, generating
heat.
Therefore, during Float, the electrolyte is cycled through the ZBM
for short periods of time at regular intervals to maintain
electrolyte chemistry and encourage cooling. By default, the
electrolyte is cycled for 2 minutes, followed by 28 minutes of no
cycling.
Regular Maintenance
The ZBM can be set to go through a short maintenance cycle to
remove any excess zinc from the electrodes. This maintenance
cycle will automatically occur once every 120 hours of zinc pump
operation, or when the ZBM is set to do so.
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A regular maintenance cycle is an optional part of the
full ZBM cycle, but must be performed after the ZBM
has fully discharged and at least every 120 zinc pump
run time hours (or more frequently) to comply with
warranty requirements (see Appendix B).
Dump
In the event of some faults, the ZBM will automatically be put
into Dump mode, where the ZBM is completely discharged into
any connected load/grid (the ZBM will attempt this regardless of
its current state of charge) and then switched off.
5.3. Standard ZBM Cycle
Figure 5.1 shows RedFlow’s Standard ZBM. This same standard
cycle is run in case of a warranty (see Appendix B) claim or to
determine the state of health of a ZBM in the field. The standard
cycle is always run starting with a completely discharged ZBM
(i.e. regular maintenance cycle run immediately before the
standard cycle is run).
There are three operating modes that the ZBM goes through
during this standard cycle:
1. Charging (9.2 hour period from 0 to 9.2 hours):

Current (blue trace, using right axis) at -25A DC
(negative = charging) for 9.5 hours.
2. Discharging (10 hour period from 9.2 to 19.2 hours):

Current ranges from 25A DC to 0A DC as the voltage
(red trace, using left axis) falls from 52V DC to 0V DC.

The ZBM continues to discharge until the battery
current is very close to 0A, and the ZBM is empty.
3. Regular Maintenance (0.5 hour period from 19.2 to 19.7
hours):

After discharge is completed, excess zinc is stripped
from the ZBM. Half an hour is a suitable period to allow
full regular maintenance to be performed on a healthy
ZBM.
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Figure 5.1: An example of the RedFlow ZBM’s Standard Cycle
5.4. Shutdown Procedure
The complete shutdown procedure below should be used when
shutting down the system for storage, shipping, de-energised
maintenance or ZBM replacement.
Step 1
Fully discharge the ZBM and perform a regular
maintenance cycle.
Step 2
With the ZBM still in Run Mode, check Register
0x9013 to ensure the ZBM’s terminal voltage is 0V.
Step 3
Enter the ZBM into Offline Mode by writing to
Register 0x9103.
Step 4
Turn off any connected loads.
Step 5
Disconnect all other connections with the ZBM.
Step 6
Using a multimeter, measure the voltage across the
battery terminals to confirm that the ZBM’s terminal
voltage is 0V.
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6. ZBM Control and Communications
The ZBM is operated and controlled by communicating with the
internals of the Mk Box.
The Mk Box uses the MODBUS protocol to allow reading and
writing data points needed to control and monitor the state of the
ZBM. The details of the protocol include:

Protocol: MODBUS RTU

Physical Connection: RS485

Bit Rate: 19200

1 Stop Bit

No Parity Bit

8 Data Bits
There are 3 types of registers available to external systems:

ZBM Status Registers

Read (Data) Registers

Write Registers.
General information about these registers is given in Sections
6.1, 6.2 and 6.3. More detailed information is provided in
Appendix D.
6.1. ZBM Status Registers (0x9001 – 0x900F)
The following registers are read-only registers that give
information on the ZBM’s state of health.
Register 0x9001 – High Level Status Indicator
This register is an overview of the other status registers. A “0”
bit indicates an OK status, and a “1” indicates a not-OK status
(and that the external system should investigate this issue
further and/or alter its operation). Any Not Used bits are always
“0”.
Register 0x9002 – Hardware Failure Indicator
This register is an overview of hardware failures that may have
occurred. A “0” bit indicates an OK status, and a “1” indicates a
not-OK status (and that the external system should investigate
this issue further and/or alter its operation). Any Not Used bits
are always “0”.
Hardware failures (any fault that results in setting any of the bits
in this register) cause the immediate disconnection of the battery
from the external contacts and the battery is entered into a safe
state. Recovery can only occur with the command of the “Reset
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Register” (described in the Write Registers section) after the
hardware failure has been fixed.
If any of the bits in this register are “1”, this sets Bit 15 of
Register 0x9001.
Register 0x9003 – Operational Failure Indicator
This register is an overview of operational failures that may have
occurred. A “0” bit indicates an OK status, and a “1” indicates a
not-OK status (and that the external system should investigate
this issue further and/or alter its operation). Any Not Used bits
are always “0”.
Operational failures (any fault that results in setting any of the
bits in this register) cause the temporary disconnection of the
battery from the external contacts and the battery is entered into
a safe state. Automatic recovery is attempted a limited number
of times. Manual recovery can only occur with the command of
the “Reset Register” (described in the Write Registers section)
after the operational failure has been fixed.
If any of the bits in this register are “1”, this sets Bit 14 of
Register 0x9001.
Register 0x9004 – Warning Indicator
This register is an overview of warnings. A “0” bit indicates an
OK status, and a “1” indicates a warning. Any Not Used bits are
equal “0”.
If any of the bits in this register are “1”, this sets Bit 13 of
Register 0x9001.
Register 0x9005 to 0x900F – Not Used

These registers are all set to “0” and are currently unused.
6.2. Read (Data) Registers (0x9010 to 0x90FF)
The following parameters of the ZBM are available by reading the
following registers:
Register 0x9010 – ZBM Serial #
Register 0x9011 – ZBM State of Charge (SOC)
Register 0x9012 – ZBM Amp Hours (Ah)
Register 0x9013 – ZBM Voltage
Register 0x9014 – ZBM Current
Register 0x9015 – ZBM Temperature
Register 0x9016 – Air Temperature
Register 0x9017 – ZBM State of Health
Registers 0x9018 to 0x90FF – Not Used
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6.3. Write Registers (0x9100 to 0x91FF)
The following registers can be used to send commands to the
ZBM.
Register 0x9100 – Write MODBUS Device Address
Register 0x9101 – Clear Status Register Flags
Register 0x9102 – Enable Self-Maintenance at the end of
discharge
Register 0x9103 – Enter Run Command
Registers 0x9104 – Self-Discharge and Maintenance Cycle
Register 0x9105 to 0x91FF – Not Used
6.4. Operating the ZBM
In order to operate the ZBM, the correct voltage must be applied
to the terminals and the correct current supplied for the desired
performance. The ZBM must also be in Run Mode (as opposed to
Offline mode). By default, the ZBM will be in Run Mode and
ready to operate. However, if the ZBM has been entered into
Offline Mode and the user wishes to operate it, the ZBM must be
entered into Run Mode by using Register 0x9103 as explained in
Section 6.3.
6.5. Logging Mandatory Registers
All of the data points sent through the MODBUS Communications
can be logged for charting, diagnosis of operational issues and
historical analysis via an external system. This is highly
recommended to enable historical analysis of ZBM operation.
However, this is also required for warranty purposes (see
Appendix B). It is a condition of any warranty claim that a
complete log of all points specified in Sections 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3
are presented with the ZBM.
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7. ZBM Wear and Failure Processes
7.1.1.
Leaks
RedFlow has implemented leak detection in its ZBM to prevent
damage to ZBMs when leaks occur. This functionality will detect
the presence of a leak in or near a ZBM via the use of the leak
detectors on the Analog Loom. In the event that a leak is
detected, the Mk Box internals will disconnect the
charge/discharge contactor and run the Zinc pump. The 0x9001
and 0x9002 registers can be read to find out if a leak has been
detected.
7.1.2.
Stack degradation
Gradual reduction in electrode conductivity occurs as the ZBM is
used. This is the normal life limiting process in the Gen 2.8 ZBM.
Eventually the electrode resistance increases to the point where
the electrode stack needs to be replaced.
7.1.3.
Incorrect Operation
There are a number of ways the battery can be damaged due to
incorrect handling and operation. These are addressed
throughout this Manual and must be addressed during training
and in the design of any Energy Storage Systems and their
control electronics.
7.1.4.
Electrolyte Contamination
Electrolyte contamination can occur when the tank is not properly
sealed, or from copper exposure during a stack short circuit.
RedFlow has implemented internal functionality to halt operation
of a ZBM before a stack short circuit occurs.
Care should be taken to ensure that all electrolyte is stored in
sealed containers such that no foreign particles or items can
contaminate it. Similarly, care should be taken when transferring
electrolyte to and from ZBMs to ensure contamination does not
occur.
7.1.5.
Pump Failures
RedFlow has implemented pump failure detection internally to
prevent damage to ZBMs when pumps operate incorrectly. This
functionality will detect if pumps have seized, if they are not
drawing the range of current that they should, or if they are
operating normally. In the event that abnormal pump operation
is detected, the charge/discharge contactors will be disconnected
and run the Zinc pump (if that pump is still operational). The
0x9001 and 0x9002 registers can be read to find out which pump
is showing signs of abnormal operation.
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7.1.6.
Electronics and Electrical Failures
Most failures have been traced back to contamination of the
components with electrolyte due to poor electrolyte handling
techniques or leaks, or to corrosion accelerated by the Bromine
environment around the ZBM. RedFlow’s wiring loom design and
the manufacturing processes ensure that these sources of failure
are minimised.
7.1.7.
Over Temperature
Over temperature inside the ZBM can damage it. The in-built
cooling fan will automatically begin operation when the ZBM’s
temperature exceeds 30 °C (86 °F). Operation will then be
automatically suspended when the ZBM’s temperature exceeds
50°C (122 °F).
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8. ZBM Maintenance
A systematic approach to preventative maintenance of the ZBM is
required for warranty coverage (see Appendix B). Maintenance
procedures are separated into condition monitoring and periodical
procedures. A checklist is provided in Appendix E that must be
used to record maintenance activities. It should be noted that
any replacement of ZBM parts or components may void any
warranty claim. If replacements are necessary, contact the
supplier of the system being used.
A fully completed and up-to-date checklist (provided in
Appendix E), along with any supporting documentation
for any abnormalities, is required in order to qualify for
any ZBM warranty claim (see Appendix B).
8.1. Condition Monitoring Maintenance
Condition monitoring maintenance involves remote monitoring of
ZBM performance. If an operational issue occurs with the ZBM,
this will be shown in the ZBM Status Registers (see Section 6.1).
These must be responded to in a timely manner. If left
unattended, this could cause damage to the ZBM and void any
warranty claims (see Appendix B).
8.2. Periodic Maintenance
At least at yearly intervals, the following maintenance tasks
should be undertaken. Periodic maintenance must be recorded in
the checklist provided in Appendix E.
8.2.1.
Periodic Remote Monitoring
•
Check for any electrolyte leaks by checking leak sensors 1
and 2 via the reading the points explained in Section 6.1. If a
leak has been detected, proceed with the following on-site
inspection tasks:

Ensure the ZBM is operating correctly as per the points
set. This can be done by charting logged operational
points and comparing to chosen settings.

Perform a calibration cycle on the ZBM. This is defined
as the Standard ZBM Cycle.

Monitor the ZBM for signs of it reaching end-of-life
(monitoring the results of Calibration Cycles for rising
internal resistance and falling efficiency with no
significant change in operating parameters is useful).
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8.2.2.
Periodic On-Site Maintenance
At least at yearly intervals, the following physical (on-site)
maintenance checks should be undertaken. If the ZBM is
operating in areas of high concentration of dust and dirt, it is
recommended that on-site maintenance be performed at shorter
intervals.
DO NOT SHORT CIRCUIT BATTERY TERMINALS.
Any tools used MUST BE insulated and eye protection
MUST BE worn. Remove all jewellery before
performing any maintenance.

Check the battery temperature reading is correct.

Check the air temperature reading is correct.

Check the cooling fan (part of the ZBM) operates correctly.

Check the zinc electrolyte pump operates correctly.

Check the bromine electrolyte pump operates correctly.

Check the ZBM Status Registers to ensure the ZBM is
running with no faults.
Ensure that the ZBM has been fully discharged, a
regular maintenance cycle has been run, and shutdown
has occurred as specified in Section 5.4 before the
following maintenance tasks are undertaken.

Check the ZBM for any electrolyte leaks visually and by the
presence of a chlorine-like smell. If a leak is present,
Appendix C provides more information on how to clean up
electrolyte spills. Appendix F and Appendix G contain the
SDS for electrolyte and uncharged electrolyte.

Check all components of the ZBM, including its pumps and
analog loom, for signs of corrosion.

Check all ZBM hose clamps are securely fitted.

Check the ZBM connections are securely fitted.

Check that the ZBM battery terminals are correctly torqued
at 12Nm (8.85 lb-ft). It is recommended that a thermal
imaging camera be used to monitor ZBM performance
(energised) to ensure there are no heat spots, especially
arising from incorrectly torqued battery terminals.

Ensure there are no kinks in Catch Can hoses

Clean the ZBM of any dust or dirt that has built up.
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Appendix A
Abbreviations and Definitions
The following acronyms, abbreviations and terms are defined
here within the context of this manual.
Term
Definition
o
C
Degrees Celsius
o
F
Degrees Farenheit
A
Amp
AC
Alternating Current
Ah
Amp Hour
BMS
Battery Management System
DC
Direct Current
ELV
Extra-Low Voltage
ESS
Electricity Storage System
GHU
Gas Handling Unit
I
Current
in
Inch
IBC
Intermediate Bulk Container
IPxx
International Protection Rating
kg
Kilogram
kW
Kilowatt
kWh
Kilowatt Hour
lb
Pound
lb-ft
Pound-force-feet
LV
Low Voltage
mm
millimetre
Nm
Newton metre
SDS
Safety Datasheet
SOC
State of Charge
V
Volt
W
Watt
ZBM
Zinc Bromine Battery Module
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Appendix B
RedFlow Warranty for the ZBM
Six Months Defects Guarantee:
RedFlow guarantees to the Customer that the Gen 2.X ZBM will be free from defects in material and
workmanship for a period of six months from the date of delivery to the Customer. Customer is
defined as the purchaser of the Gen 2.X ZBM from RedFlow.
One Year Warranty:
RedFlow further warrants the Gen 2.X ZBM to the Customer for one year from the date of delivery to
the Customer, when used in accordance with all manufacturer’s operating instructions as defined in
the Gen 2.X ZBM Installation and Operation Manual.
Should RedFlow find that a Gen 2.X ZBM does meet the warranty terms and conditions, it will repair
or replace the Gen 2.X ZBM or refund the amount paid (at RedFlow’s discretion) and the warranty
term remains as the balance of the original warranty.
Conditions:
The warranty is applicable if the Gen 2.X ZBM fails to meet the performance requirements of a
standard calibration cycle as defined in the Gen 2.X ZBM Installation and Operation Manual, and
subject to the conditions given by the Electrical Operating Envelope and the Physical and
Communications Characteristics of the Gen 2.X ZBM as specified in the Gen 2.X ZBM Installation and
Operation Manual. In addition, the following conditions must be met:

The Gen 2.X ZBM performs a maximum of one full cycle per 24 hour period.

If the Gen 2.X ZBM indicates that it has reached end-of-life, the Gen 2.X ZBM must no longer
be used.

In the event of a warranty claim, full and complete operational logs of Gen 2.X ZBM data (as
specified in the Gen 2.X ZBM Installation and Operation Manual) are to be provided to
RedFlow for analysis.

Servicing of Gen 2.X ZBMs can only be conducted by RedFlow-trained or RedFlow-approved
personnel.

This warranty is applicable on a return to supplier basis for the Gen 2.X ZBM only.

RedFlow reserves the right to perform any tests in the event of warranty claims.
Limitations on the Guarantee and Warranty:
In no event shall RedFlow be liable for consequential or incidental losses or damages. RedFlow
further disclaims all implied warranties of merchantability and fitness.
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Appendix C
Addressing ZBM Electrolyte Spills/Leaks
This section provides guidance on how to assess the severity of
an electrolyte spill or leak, and how to manage the clean-up.
1. Electrolyte Spill or Leak Classification
It is necessary to assess and classify the severity of an
electrolyte spill in order to be able to address it effectively. The
table below provides guidelines for determining if the spill or leak
is minor or major.
Table 3.1: Electrolyte Spill/Leak Severity Assessment Table
Characteristic
Minor Spill/Leak
Major Spill/Leak
Volume
Less than 1 (one)
litre
More than 1 (one)
litre
Flow Rate
Slow drip or no
visible flow
High flow rate
Smell
No strong smell
Strong chlorine-like
smell
Colour
Clear or light yellow
Deep red
Location
No liquid is near
electrical
connections
Liquid is near
electrical
connections
2. Electrolyte Spill or Leak Clean Up
This section provides guidelines for cleaning up a ZBM electrolyte
spill or leak. All personnel involved in clean-up activities must be
aware of the content of the RedFlow Battery Electrolyte SDS in
Appendix F, the RedFlow Battery Uncharged Electrolyte SDS in
Appendix G and the RedFlow Battery Waste Electrolyte SDS in
Appendix H.
Step 1
Assess the Severity of the Spill/Leak.
Using the information in Table 3.1, assess the severity of the spill
or leak as minor or major.
If the spill/leak is minor, proceed to Step 2.
If the spill/leak is major, proceed to Step 3.
Step 2
Step 2.1
Minor Electrolyte Spill/Leak Clean Up.
Apply personal protection equipment.
Step 2.2 If the spill/leak is associated with a ZBM, pause the
operation of the ZBM (if the Mk Box has not already
done this).
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Inspect the ZBM for the cause or source of the leak.
Using rags or disposable wipes, clean up the visible
electrolyte.
Discharge the ZBM safely.
Manage all clean up materials as hazardous waste by
placing them in an acid debris waste accumulation
container.
Contact RedFlow support for advice on how to proceed.
Step 2.3 If the spill is not associated with a ZBM, for example,
electrolyte is spilt from its container, use rags or
disposable wipes to clean up the electrolyte.
Apply absorbent (as specified in Section 3 of Appendix
C below) to neutralise remaining electrolyte.
Manage all clean up materials as hazardous waste by
placing them in an acid debris waste accumulation
container.
Step 3
Major Electrolyte Spill/Leak Clean Up.
Step 3.1 Alert colleagues that the electrolyte spill/leak has
occurred and if a strong chlorine-like odour is evident,
evacuate the hazardous area.
Step 3.2
Apply personal protection equipment.
Step 3.3 If the spill/leak is associated with a ZBM, stop the
operation of the ZBM.
Isolate electrical connections.
Inspect the ZBM for the cause or source of the leak and
if possible prevent further leakage from occurring.
Using rags or disposable wipes, clean up the visible
electrolyte.
Apply absorbent (as specified in Section 3 of Appendix
C below) to neutralise remaining electrolyte.
Manage all clean up materials as hazardous waste by
placing them in an acid debris waste accumulation
container.
If possible, discharge the ZBM safely.
Actively ventilate the affected area.
Contact RedFlow support for advice on how to proceed.
Step 3.4 If the spill/leak is not associated with a ZBM, inspect
for the cause or source of the spill and if possible
prevent further spillage from occurring. This may
require the use of other appropriate containers (e.g.
polyethylene) to contain the spill.
Using rags or disposable wipes, clean up the visible
electrolyte.
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Apply absorbent (as specified in Section 3 of Appendix
C below) to neutralise remaining electrolyte.
Manage all clean up materials as hazardous waste by
placing them in an acid debris waste accumulation
container.
3. Clean up Materials
Rags and disposable wipes are suitable for cleaning up
electrolyte.
Neutralising Electrolyte - uncharged
Commercial absorbents or acid neutraliser absorbents that have
a significant colour change to signify complete neutralisation of
acids, can be used for electrolyte clean-up.
Lime or baking soda can also be used to neutralise acid and
therefore an electrolyte spill.
Neutralising Electrolyte – charged
Household grade ammonia (~10%) solution can be used to
neutralise bromine complex, or charged electrolyte spills. Caution
must be exercised, to prevent a violent exothermic reaction. Add
ammonia solution slowly to the spilt electrolyte.
NOTE: All materials to be used in contact with electrolyte in
future need to be rinsed of any acid, ammonia or other
neutralising agents prior to re-use to avoid chemical imbalance in
the electrolyte.
NOTE: Any disposal of materials that have come into contact with
electrolyte must be disposed of in accordance with local laws and
regulations.
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Appendix D
ZBM Register Information
ZBM Status Registers (0x9001 – 0x900F)
The following registers are read-only registers that give
information on the ZBM’s state of health.
Register 0x9001 – High Level Status Indicator
This register is an overview of the other status registers. A “0”
bit indicates an OK status, and a “1” indicates a not-OK status
(and that the external system should investigate this issue
further and/or alter its operation). Any Not Used bits are always
“0”.

Bit 15 (MSB) – Hardware Failure Indicator Bit - This bit is
set when a critical hardware failure has occurred and the
ZBM cannot operate. This bit is set when any of the bits in
Register 0x9002 are set (OR function).

Bit 14 – Operational Failure Indicator Bit – This bit is set
when a semi-critical operational failure has occurred and
the ZBM cannot operate temporarily. This bit is set when
any of the bits in Register 0x9003 are set (OR function).

Bit 13 – Warning Indicator Bit. This bit is set when the
ZBM is temporarily offline, may be about to go offline, or
may be unavailable for charge/discharge etc. (as part of
routine operation). This bit is set when any of the bits in
Register 0x9004 are set (OR function).

Bits 12 to Bit 00 – Not Used.
Register 0x9002 – Hardware Failure Indicator
This register is an overview of hardware failures that may have
occurred. A “0” bit indicates an OK status, and a “1” indicates a
not-OK status (and that the external system should investigate
this issue further and/or alter its operation). Any Not Used bits
are always “0”.
Hardware failures (any fault that results in setting any of the bits
in this register) cause the immediate disconnection of the battery
from the external contacts and the battery is entered into a safe
state. Recovery can only occur with the command of the “Reset
Register” (described in the Write Registers section) after the
hardware failure has been fixed.
If any of the bits in this register are “1”, this sets Bit 15 of
Register 0x9001.

Bit 15 (MSB) – Zinc Pump Failure – This bit is set when the
zinc pump is not operating correctly (for any reason
associated with the zinc pump).
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
Bit 14 – Bromine Pump Failure – This bit is set when the
bromine pump is not operating correctly (for any reason
associated with the bromine pump).

Bit 13 – Fan Failure – This bit is set when the fan is not
operating correctly (for any reason associated with the
fan).

Bit 12 – Leak Trip – This bit is set when a Leak1 trip or
Leak 2 trip has been sensed.

Bit 11 – Leak 1 Sensor Failure – This bit is set when a Leak
1 detector failure occurs.

Bit 10 – Leak 2 Sensor Failure – This bit is set when the
Leak 2 detector failure occurs.

Bit 09 – Internal Failure – This bit is set when any failure
related to the stack occurs.

Bit 08 – Electronic Board Failure – This bit is set when a
failure related to the electronic board occurs.

Bit 07 – Battery Temperature Sensor Failure – This bit is
set when a failure related to the battery temperature
sensor occurs.

Bit 06 – Air Temperature Sensor Failure – This bit is set
when a failure related to the air temperature sensor
occurs.

Bit 05 – ZBM State of Health Failure – This bit is set when
the ZBM State of Health (Register 0x9017) shows that the
ZBM has reached End of Life.

Bit 04 to Bit 01 – Not Used.

Bit 00 – Other Failure – This bit is set when another type of
hardware failure occurs.
Register 0x9003 – Operational Failure Indicator
This register is an overview of operational failures that may have
occurred. A “0” bit indicates an OK status, and a “1” indicates a
not-OK status (and that the external system should investigate
this issue further and/or alter its operation). Any Not Used bits
are always “0”.
Operational failures (any fault that results in setting any of the
bits in this register) cause the temporary disconnection of the
battery from the external contacts and the battery is entered into
a safe state. Automatic recovery is attempted a limited number
of times. Manual recovery can only occur with the command of
the “Reset Register” (described in the Write Registers section)
after the operational failure has been fixed.
If any of the bits in this register are “1”, this sets Bit 14 of
Register 0x9001.

Bit 15 (MSB) – Over Current Failure – This bit is set when
an over current has been sensed. This bit is reset to “0” if
the current falls below a threshold value.
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
Bit 14 – Over Voltage Failure – This bit is set when an over
voltage has been sensed. This bit is reset to “0” if the
voltage falls below a threshold value.

Bit 13 – Battery Temperature – This bit is set when the
battery has shut down due to an over temperature. This
bit is reset to “0” if the temperature falls below a threshold
value.

Bit 12 – Overcharged – This bit is set when the ZBM has
reached its maximum state of charge. When this occurs,
the ZBM is not allowed to charge anymore and will only be
available for discharge. This bit is reset to “0” if the state
of charge falls below a threshold value and the ZBM will be
available for charging again.

Bit 11 – Retry Failure – The ZBM has attempted to restart
its maximum number of times (due to any of the reasons
in any of the bits in this register) and will no longer
attempt automatic reconnection.

Bit 10 to Bit 01 – Not Used.

Bit 00 – Other Failure – This bit is set when another type of
operational failure occurs.
Register 0x9004 – Warning Indicator
This register is an overview of warnings. A “0” bit indicates an
OK status, and a “1” indicates a warning. Any Not Used bits are
equal “0”.
If any of the bits in this register are “1”, this sets Bit 13 of
Register 0x9001.

Bit 15 (MSB) – Over Current Warning – This bit is set when
the threshold for Over Current has been reached and that
if this continues (usually 1 minute), an operation failure
will occur and Bit 15 in Register 0x9003 will be set.

Bit 14 – Over Voltage Warning – This bit is set when the
threshold for Over Voltage has been reached and that if
this continues (usually 1 minute), an operational failure will
occur and Bit 14 in Register 0x9003 will be set.

Bit 13 – Battery Temperature Warning - This bit is set
when the threshold for High Battery Temperature has been
reached and that if this continues (usually 1 minute), an
operational failure will occur and Bit 13 in Register 0x9003
will be set.

Bit 12 – Overcharged Warning - This bit is set when the
threshold for Overcharge has been reached and that if this
continues (usually 1 minute), an operational failure will
occur and Bit 12 in Register 0x9003 will be set.

Bit 11 – Maintenance Needed Soon– This bit is set when
the ZBM will perform a regular maintenance cycle at the
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next available suitable time (i.e. when it is next fully
discharged). The ZBM will not be allowed to charge
anymore after one minute after this bit is set, and will
continue to fully discharge. This bit is reset to “0” when
the maintenance cycle starts and Bit 10 is set.

Bit 10 – Maintenance Cycle Active – This bit is set when
the ZBM is currently unavailable due to a self-maintenance
cycle. This bit is reset to “0” when the maintenance cycle
has finished. Later in the text, the option of forcing the
battery to run a maintenance cycle at the end of the
current cycle will be introduced (Register 0x9102) in order
to avoid a sudden restriction of battery availability.

Bit 09 to Bit 01 – Not used.

Bit 00 – Other Warning – This bit is set when another type
of warning has occurred and the ZBM is temporarily
unavailable due to normal operation.
Register 0x9005 to 0x900F – Not Used

These registers are all set to “0” and are currently unused.
Read (Data) Registers (0x9010 to 0x90FF)
The following parameters of the ZBM are available by reading the
following registers:
Register 0x9010 – ZBM Serial #
unsigned, range 0 to 65535, no units, format #####
Register 0x9011 – ZBM State of Charge (SOC)
unsigned, 0.00 to 199.99, units=%, format ###.##
Note: ZBM must only be charged to 100% SOC.
Register 0x9012 – ZBM Amp Hours (Ah)
signed, -1000.0 to 1000.0, units=Ah, format ±####.#
Register 0x9013 – ZBM Voltage
unsigned, 0.0 to 1000.0, units=V, format ###.#
Register 0x9014 – ZBM Current
signed, -300.0 to 300.0, units=A, format ±###.#
Register 0x9015 – ZBM Temperature
signed, -300.0 to 300.0, units=ºC, format ±###.#
Register 0x9016 – Air Temperature
signed, -300.0 to 300.0, units=ºC, format ±###.#
Register 0x9017 – ZBM State of Health
Registers 0x9018 to 0x90FF – Not Used
These registers are all set to “0” and are currently unused.
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Write Registers (0x9100 to 0x91FF)
The following registers can be used to send commands to the
ZBM.
Register 0x9100 – Write MODBUS Device Address
The desired MODBUS device address (value of between 1 and
255) can be written. Default value of 5.
Register 0x9101 – Clear Status Register Flags
“1” should be written to this register to clear all flags in all ZBM
Status Registers (Registers 0x9001 to 0x9004). The user should
only do this when an attempt at fault rectification has occurred.
Writing to this register requires a password (TBA).
Register 0x9102 – Enable Self-Maintenance at the end of
discharge
“1” is written to this register to force the ZBM to undergo the
self-maintenance cycle at the next available chance (at the next
time that the ZBM is fully discharged). The Warning bit (bit 11 of
register 0x9004) is set prior to the maintenance cycle and bit 10
of register 0x9004 is set when the ZBM is performing the
maintenance cycle.
Register 0x9103 – Enter Run Command
The ZBM is in Run Mode by default. “0” is written to this register
when the ZBM is to enter Offline mode and “1” is written to this
register when the ZBM is to enter Run mode. Writing to this
register requires a password (TBA).
Registers 0x9104 – Self-Discharge and Maintenance Cycle
The ZBM has the functionality to self-discharge (without a load or
grid connection) in preparation for a regular maintenance cycle.
This is useful in scenarios where a load is not available and the
ZBM requires a regular maintenance cycle to be run soon. “1”
should be written to this register to initiate the self-maintenance
cycle. When the cycle is over, the ZBM will automatically reenter Run Mode.
Register 0x9105 to 0x91FF – Not Used
These registers are all set to “0” and are currently unused.
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Appendix E
Minor Maintenance Checklist
Yearly Checks (remote monitoring)
Date
Check user interface for leaks
Check operation matches set points
Perform Calibration Cycle
Check for indications of ZBM end-of-life
Yearly Checks (physical check onsite)
Date
Check the battery temperature reading is correct
Check the air temperature reading is correct
Check the cooling fan operates correctly
Check the zinc electrolyte pump runs and its
impellor fan operates correctly
Check the bromine electrolyte pump runs and its
impellor fan operates correctly
Check the Mk Box is running with no faults
Check the ZBM for any electrolyte leaks visually and
by the presence of a chlorine-like smell.
Check the ZBM for signs of corrosion
Check ZBM hose clamps are securely fitted
Check the ZBM connections are securely fitted
Check that the ZBM battery terminals are correctly
torqued at 12Nm (8.85 lb-ft).
Check that any hoses connected to the catch can
are not kinked.
Clean the ZBM of any dust or dirt
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Appendix F
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte Safety
Datasheet
This section contains the safety datasheet for the ZBM’s
electrolyte.
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SAFETY DATA SHEET
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
TRADE NAME AS LABELLED:
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte
PRODUCT NUMBER:
N/A
CHEMICAL NAME:
Mixture
INTENDED USE:
Battery electrolyte
U.N. NUMBER:
3264
U.N. DANGEROUS GOODS CLASS:
8 Corrosive liquid N.O.S. (contains Zinc
Bromide, polybromide oil)
SUBSIDIARY RISK:
None
MANUFACTURER’S NAME:
RedFlow International Pty Ltd
ADDRESS:
EMERGENCY PHONE:
27 Counihan Road, Seventeen Mile
Rocks, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4073
+61 (0) 7 3317 9699
BUSINESS PHONE:
+61 (0) 7 3376 0008
DATE OF PREPARATION:
7 September 2012
DATE OF LAST REVISION:
27/09/2012
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2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Health Hazard
Signal word:
Skull and
Crossbones
Corrosion
Aquatic
pollutant
Danger
H302
H314
H317
H341
H400
H410
Harmful if swallowed
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Suspected of causing genetic defects
Very toxic to aquatic life
Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting consequences
P201
P202
Obtain special instructions before use
Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and
understood.
Do not breathe dusts or mists
Avoid breathing dust / fume / gas / mist / vapours / spray
Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
Contaminated clothing should not be allowed out of the work place
Wear protective gloves / protective clothing
Use personal protective equipment as required
If SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor / physician if you feel
unwell.
If SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. DO NOT induce vomiting.
If ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water.
If on skin or hair: Remove / Take off immediately all contaminated
clothing. Rinse skin (hair) with water shower.
If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice / attention.
In the case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice
immediately (show this SDS where possible)
Rinse mouth.
If skin irritation or a rash occurs: Get medical advice / attention.
Wash contaminated clothing before re-use.
P260
P261
P264
P270
P272
P280
P281
P301+P312
P301+P330+P331
P302+P352
P303+P361+P353
P308+313
P321
P330
P333+313
P363
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P405
P501
Store locked up.
Dispose of contents / container in accordance with the local regulations
in force.
This mixture is classified as Dangerous Goods according to the ADG code 7th
Edition of Australia, and Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008 of the European
Union, and contains corrosive, toxic (Cat. 4), and possible mutagenic (Cat. 2)
components.
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3. COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Ingredient
CAS
WT %
Hazard Statement
Code(s)
H341
Hazard Class and
category Codes
Muta. 2
N Ethyl N Methyl
Pyrollidinium
Bromide (MEP)
Zinc Bromide
69227-51-6
< 15%
7699-45-8
20-40%
H302, H314, H317,
H400, H410
7646-85-7
< 5%
H302, H314, H400,
H410
Acute Tox. 4
Skin Corr. 1B
Skin Sens. 1
Aquatic Acute 1
Aquatic Chronic 1
Acute Tox. 4
Skin Corr. 1B
Aquatic Acute 1
Aquatic Chronic 1
Zinc Chloride
Potassium Chloride
7447-40-7
< 5%
No information
Water
7732-18-5
> 40%
No information
Polybromide oil
N/A
< 20%
No information
Precautionary Statements
H302
H314
H317
H341
H400
H410
P264, P270, P301+312, P330, P501
P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P363, P304+340,
P310, P321, P305+351+338
P261, P272, P280, P302+352, P333+313, P321, P363, P501
P201, P202, P281, P308+313, P405, P501
P501
P501
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4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Eye
If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush continuously with running water. Continue flushing
until advised to stop by a Poisons Information Centre, or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.
Inhalation
If inhaled, remove affected person(s) from contaminated area. To protect rescuer use a
Type B (Inorganic and acid gas) respirator where an inhalation risk exists. Apply artificial
respiration if not breathing. Contact emergency personnel.
Skin
If skin or hair contact occurs, remove contaminated clothing and flush skin and / or hair with
running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by a Poisons Information
Centre or a doctor.
Ingestion
For advice, contact a Poison Information Centre on 13 11 26 (Australia Wide) or a doctor (at
once).
The decision to induce or not to induce emesis in ingestion is often controversial, is not
automatic, and must be carefully considered. Emesis may be indicated in substantial recent
ingestions. Contraindications to emesis induction include: signs of oral, pharyngeal, or
oesophageal irritation; a depressed gag reflex; or central nervous system excitation or
depression. If these are present or likely, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED.
Special treatment
Treat symptomatically.
First aid facilities
Eye wash facilities and safety shower should be available.
Symptoms of Exposure
Product is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory
tract, eyes and skin. Symptoms include spasm, inflammation and oedema of the larynx,
spasm, inflammation and oedema of the bronchi, pneumonitis, pulmonary oedema, burning
sensation, cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.
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Potential health effects
Inhalation
Skin
Ingestion
Eyes
May be harmful if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of
the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.
May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Causes skin burns. May cause
bromide rash and / or skin blackening in the longer term.
Harmful if swallowed, causes burns.
Causes eye burns.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Suitable extinguishing equipment
In a fire situation select extinguishing media based on the cause of the surrounding fire.
Product will not react adversely with water, foam or dry agent based extinguishers. Prevent
contamination of drains or waterways. Wear full protective equipment including Self
Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) when combating fire. Use water-fog to cool intact
containers and nearby storage areas.
Special hazards
This product is considered to be non-flammable; however, if heated to decomposition this
product may evolve fumes of bromine, hydrogen bromide and carbon monoxide. Many
organic compounds and some reactive metals may burn in a bromine atmosphere.
Advice for fire fighters
Remain upwind and notify those downwind of hazard. Wear full protective equipment
including Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) when combating fire. Use water-fog to
cool intact containers and nearby storage areas.
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Spillage
Contact emergency services where appropriate. Use personal protective equipment to
prevent skin / eye contact. Clear area of all unprotected personnel. Ventilate area where
possible. Contain spillage, then cover / absorb spill with non-combustible absorbent
material (vermiculite, sand, or similar), collect and place in suitable containers for disposal.
Wash spill site with water.
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7. STORAGE AND HANDLING
Store in secured, cool, dry, well-ventilated area in a tightly closed container. Store removed
from combustible materials, heat or ignition sources, alkalis, acids, metals and foodstuffs.
Ensure containers are adequately labelled and protected from physical damage. Containers
that are opened must be carefully re-sealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. When not
stored in original battery packaging, electrolyte must be stored in a thick walled
polyethylene container. Handle and open container with care.
Before use carefully read the product label. Use of safe work practices are recommended to
avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Observe good personal hygiene, including washing
hands before eating. Wash hands thoroughly after use
Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas.
Prevent release into the environment.
PPE
Eye / Face
Wear goggles / full face mask where there is a risk of splashing.
Hands
Wear PVC or rubber gloves.
Body
Not required if suitable engineering controls are in place however
chemical resistant suit should be considered if a risk assessment deems it
necessary.
Respiratory
Type B respirator where risk of inhalation occurs.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Ingredient
Zinc Chloride(fume)
Zinc Bromide (fume)
N Ethyl N Methyl
Pyrollidinium
Bromide (MEP)
Reference
SWA(AUS)
Data not available
Data not available
TWA
1 mg / m3
STEL
2 mg / m3
This material should be handled in well-ventilated conditions. Do not create mists / sprays.
As far as possible use appropriate engineering controls to reduce exposure to splashes /
mists / sprays.
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9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance
YELLOW LIQUID (with possible dark brown
oily component)
Solubility (water)
SOLUBLE
Odour
Bromine odour
Specific Gravity
1.2 to 1.5
pH
1 to 4
% Volatiles
NOT AVAILABLE
Vapour Pressure
7 mBar
Flammability
NON FLAMMABLE
Vapour Density
5.2 (Air = 1)
Flash Point
NOT RELEVANT
Boiling Point
128°C
Upper Explosion Limit
NOT RELEVANT
Melting Point
NOT AVAILABLE
Lower Explosion Limit
NOT RELEVANT
Evaporation Rate
0.1 (Butyl acetate = 1)
Auto ignition Temperature
NOT RELEVANT
Decomposition Temperature
NOT AVAILABLE
Partition Coefficient
NOT AVAILABLE
Viscosity
0.7 cSt
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended conditions of storage.
Conditions to avoid
Avoid heat (> 60°C), sparks, open flames and other ignition sources.
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Material to avoid
This material will corrode most metals.
Hazardous
May evolve toxic gases (metal oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides) when heated to
decomposition.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Health hazard
Corrosive. This product has the potential to cause adverse health effects. Use safe work
practices to avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Engineered solutions such as using
suitable pumps to transfer material rather than attempting to manually pour should be
considered.
Summary
Product contains bromide. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction with
"bromide rash" and possible acne-like eruptions or boils. N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium
bromide (MEP) is classified as a human mutagen (Cat. 2). MEP has been documented to
produce a positive mutagenic result in the in-vivo somatic cell mutagenicity assay, the bone
marrow micronucleous test.
Eye
Corrosive - irritant. Contact may result in irritation, lacrimation, pain, redness, corneal burns
and possible permanent damage.
Inhalation
Corrosive - irritant. Over exposure may result in irritation of the nose and throat, coughing,
nausea, dizziness and headache. Aspiration into lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis and
pulmonary oedema
Skin
Corrosive. Contact may result in irritation, redness, pain, rash, dermatitis and possible
burns. May cause possible allergic reaction with bromodera (bromide rashes) and possible
acne-like eruptions or boils.
Ingestion
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Corrosive. Ingestion may result in burns to the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and ulceration.
Toxicity Data
ZINC CHLORIDE (7646-85-7)
LCLo (Inhalation):
LD50 (Ingestion):
LDLo (Intraperitoneal):
TCLo (Inhalation):
TDLo (Ingestion):
1960 mg/m³/10 minutes (rat)
200 mg/kg (guinea pig)
30 g/kg (7-8 day pregnant rat)
4800 mg/m³/30 minutes (man)
15 mg/kg (chicken - tumours)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (7447-40-7)
LD50 (Ingestion):
LD50 (Intraperitoneal):
LD50 (Intravenous):
LDLo (Ingestion):
LDLo (Intraperitoneal):
LDLo (Intravenous):
LDLo (Subcutaneous):
TDLo (Ingestion):
1500 mg/kg (mouse)
620 mg/kg (mouse)
117 mg/kg (mouse)
20 mg/kg (man)
900 mg/kg (guinea pig)
77 mg/kg (guinea pig)
2120 mg/kg (frog)
60 mg/kg/days (woman)
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
The major constituents of this material are considered to be very harmful to aquatic life. No
environmental toxicity data is available for N-Ethyl-N-Methyl Pyrollidinium Bromide.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste disposal
Wearing protective equipment, absorb with non-organic absorbent (i.e. vermiculite or clay)
and collect and place in suitable containers for disposal. For large quantities, contact the
manufacturer for additional information. Prevent dispersal of product and product residues
to waterways and the environment.
Legislation
Dispose of in accordance with relevant local legislation.
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14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
CLASSIFIED AS DANGEROUS GOODS BY THE AUSTRALIAN DANGEROUS
GOODS CODE - Edition 7, and Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008 of the European
Union.
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide, polybromide oil)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem Code 2X
IATA
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide, polybromide oil)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem Code 2X
IMDG
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide, polybromide oil)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem code 2X
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
AICS
All chemicals listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) with the
exception of polybromide oil.
ESIS
All chemicals listed via the European chemical substances information system with the
exception of polybromide oil.
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16. OTHER INFORMATION
EXPOSURE STANDARDS - TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGES
Exposure standards are established on the premise of an 8 hour work period of normal
intensity, under normal climatic conditions and where a 16 hour break between shifts exists
to enable the body to eliminate absorbed contaminants. In the following circumstances,
exposure standards must be reduced: strenuous work conditions; hot, humid climates; high
altitude conditions; extended shifts (which increase the exposure period and shorten the
period of recuperation).
ABBREVIATIONS:
ADG
BEI
CAS#
mg/m³
N.O.S.
pH
ppm
STEL
SWA
TWA
Australian Dangerous Goods.
Biological Exposure Indice(s).
Chemical Abstract Service number - used to uniquely identify chemical
compounds.
Milligrams per Cubic Metre.
Not Otherwise Specified.
Relates to hydrogen ion concentration using a scale of 0 (high acidic) to 14
(highly alkaline).
Parts Per Million.
Short Term Exposure Limit.
Safe Work Australia.
Time Weighted Average.
This SDS has been prepared according to the guidelines published by Safe Work Australia.
The information presented is believed to be correct to the best of our knowledge, but does
not claim to be all inclusive. The information in this document is based on our present
knowledge and should be only considered as a guide. As with any chemical substance an in
house risk assessment should always be carried out.
End of Safety Data Sheet
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Appendix G
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte Safety
Datasheet (Uncharged)
This section contains the safety datasheet for the ZBM’s
electrolyte in the uncharged state.
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SAFETY DATA SHEET
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte (uncharged)
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
TRADE NAME AS LABELLED:
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte
(uncharged)
PRODUCT NUMBER:
N/A
CHEMICAL NAME:
Mixture
INTENDED USE:
Battery electrolyte
U.N. NUMBER:
3264
U.N. DANGEROUS GOODS CLASS:
8 Corrosive liquid N.O.S. (contains Zinc
Bromide)
SUBSIDIARY RISK:
None
MANUFACTURER’S NAME:
RedFlow International Pty Ltd
ADDRESS:
EMERGENCY PHONE:
27 Counihan Road, Seventeen Mile
Rocks, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4073
+61 (0) 7 3317 9699
BUSINESS PHONE:
+61 (0) 7 3376 0008
DATE OF PREPARATION:
5 September 2012
DATE OF LAST REVISION:
27 September 2012
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2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Health Hazard
Signal word:
Skull and
Crossbones
Corrosion
Aquatic
pollutant
Danger
H302
H314
H317
H341
H400
H410
Harmful if swallowed
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Suspected of causing genetic defects
Very toxic to aquatic life
Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting consequences
P201
P202
Obtain special instructions before use
Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and
understood.
Do not breathe dusts or mists
Avoid breathing dust / fume / gas / mist / vapours / spray
Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
Contaminated clothing should not be allowed out of the work place
Wear protective gloves / protective clothing
Use personal protective equipment as required
If SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor / physician if you feel
unwell.
If SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. DO NOT induce vomiting.
If ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water.
If on skin or hair: Remove / Take off immediately all contaminated
clothing. Rinse skin (hair) with water shower.
If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice / attention.
In the case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice
immediately (show this SDS where possible)
Rinse mouth.
If skin irritation or a rash occurs: Get medical advice / attention.
Wash contaminated clothing before re-use.
P260
P261
P264
P270
P272
P280
P281
P301+P312
P301+P330+P331
P302+P352
P303+P361+P353
P308+313
P321
P330
P333+313
P363
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P405
P501
Store locked up.
Dispose of contents / container in accordance with the local regulations
in force.
This mixture is classified as Dangerous Goods according to the ADG code 7th
Edition of Australia, and Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008 of the European
Union, and contains corrosive, toxic (Cat. 4), and possible mutagenic (Cat. 2)
components.
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3. COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Ingredient
CAS
WT %
Hazard Statement
Code(s)
H341
Hazard Class and
category Codes
Muta. 2
N Ethyl N Methyl
Pyrollidinium
Bromide (MEP)
Zinc Bromide
69227-51-6
< 15%
7699-45-8
30-40%
H302, H314, H317,
H400, H410
7646-85-7
< 5%
H302, H314, H400,
H410
Acute Tox. 4
Skin Corr. 1B
Skin Sens. 1
Aquatic Acute 1
Aquatic Chronic 1
Acute Tox. 4
Skin Corr. 1B
Aquatic Acute 1
Aquatic Chronic 1
Zinc Chloride
Potassium Chloride
7447-40-7
< 5%
No information
Water
7732-18-5
> 40%
No information
Precautionary Statements
H302
H314
H317
H341
H400
H410
P264, P270, P301+312, P330, P501
P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P363, P304+340,
P310, P321, P305+351+338
P261, P272, P280, P302+352, P333+313, P321, P363, P501
P201, P202, P281, P308+313, P405, P501
P501
P501
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4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Eye
If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush continuously with running water. Continue flushing
until advised to stop by a Poisons Information Centre, or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.
Inhalation
If inhaled, remove affected person(s) from contaminated area. To protect rescuer use a
Type B (Inorganic and acid gas) respirator where an inhalation risk exists. Apply artificial
respiration if not breathing. Contact emergency personnel.
Skin
If skin or hair contact occurs, remove contaminated clothing and flush skin and / or hair with
running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by a Poisons Information
Centre or a doctor.
Ingestion
For advice, contact a Poison Information Centre on 13 11 26 (Australia Wide) or a doctor (at
once).
The decision to induce or not to induce emesis in ingestion is often controversial, is not
automatic, and must be carefully considered. Emesis may be indicated in substantial recent
ingestions. Contraindications to emesis induction include: signs of oral, pharyngeal, or
oesophageal irritation; a depressed gag reflex; or central nervous system excitation or
depression. If these are present or likely, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED.
Special treatment
Treat symptomatically.
First aid facilities
Eye wash facilities and safety shower should be available.
Symptoms of Exposure
Product is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory
tract, eyes and skin. Symptoms include spasm, inflammation and oedema of the larynx,
spasm, inflammation and oedema of the bronchi, pneumonitis, pulmonary oedema, burning
sensation, cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.
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Potential health effects
Inhalation
Skin
Ingestion
Eyes
May be harmful if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of
the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.
May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Causes skin burns. May cause
bromide rash and / or skin blackening in the longer term.
Harmful if swallowed, causes burns.
Causes eye burns.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Suitable extinguishing equipment
In a fire situation select extinguishing media based on the cause of the surrounding fire.
Product will not react adversely with water, foam or dry agent based extinguishers. Prevent
contamination of drains or waterways. Wear full protective equipment including Self
Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) when combating fire. Use water-fog to cool intact
containers and nearby storage areas.
Special hazards
This product is considered to be non-flammable; however, if heated to decomposition this
product may evolve fumes of bromine, hydrogen bromide and carbon monoxide. Many
organic compounds and some reactive metals may burn in a bromine atmosphere.
Advice for fire fighters
Remain upwind and notify those downwind of hazard. Wear full protective equipment
including Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) when combating fire. Use water-fog to
cool intact containers and nearby storage areas.
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Spillage
Contact emergency services where appropriate. Use personal protective equipment to
prevent skin / eye contact. Clear area of all unprotected personnel. Ventilate area where
possible. Contain spillage, then cover / absorb spill with non-combustible absorbent
material (vermiculite, sand, or similar), collect and place in suitable containers for disposal.
Wash spill site with water.
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7. STORAGE AND HANDLING
Store in secured, cool, dry, well-ventilated area in a tightly closed container. Store removed
from combustible materials, heat or ignition sources, alkalis, acids, metals and foodstuffs.
Ensure containers are adequately labelled and protected from physical damage. Containers
that are opened must be carefully re-sealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. When not
stored in original battery packaging, electrolyte must be stored in a thick walled
polyethylene container. Handle and open container with care.
Before use carefully read the product label. Use of safe work practices are recommended to
avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Observe good personal hygiene, including washing
hands before eating. Wash hands thoroughly after use
Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas.
Prevent release into the environment.
PPE
Eye / Face
Wear goggles / full face mask where there is a risk of splashing.
Hands
Wear PVC or rubber gloves.
Body
Not required if suitable engineering controls are in place however
chemical resistant suit should be considered if a risk assessment deems it
necessary.
Respiratory
Type B respirator where risk of inhalation occurs.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Ingredient
Zinc Chloride(fume)
Zinc Bromide (fume)
N Ethyl N Methyl
Pyrollidinium
Bromide (MEP)
Reference
SWA(AUS)
Data not available
Data not available
TWA
1 mg / m3
STEL
2 mg / m3
This material should be handled in well-ventilated conditions. Do not create mists / sprays.
As far as possible use appropriate engineering controls to reduce exposure to splashes /
mists / sprays.
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9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance
CLEAR LIQUID
Solubility (water)
SOLUBLE
Odour
Slight amine odour
Specific Gravity
1.5
pH
1 to 4
% Volatiles
NOT AVAILABLE
Vapour Pressure
7 mBar
Flammability
NON FLAMMABLE
Vapour Density
5.2 (Air = 1)
Flash Point
NOT RELEVANT
Boiling Point
128°C
Upper Explosion Limit
NOT RELEVANT
Melting Point
NOT AVAILABLE
Lower Explosion Limit
NOT RELEVANT
Evaporation Rate
0.1 (Butyl acetate = 1)
Auto ignition Temperature
NOT RELEVANT
Decomposition Temperature
NOT AVAILABLE
Partition Coefficient
NOT AVAILABLE
Viscosity
0.7 cSt
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended conditions of storage.
Conditions to avoid
Avoid heat (> 60°C), sparks, open flames and other ignition sources.
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Material to avoid
This material will corrode most metals.
Hazardous
May evolve toxic gases (metal oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides) when heated to
decomposition.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Health hazard
Corrosive. This product has the potential to cause adverse health effects. Use safe work
practices to avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Engineered solutions such as using
suitable pumps to transfer material rather than attempting to manually pour should be
considered.
Summary
Product contains bromide. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction with
"bromide rash" and possible acne-like eruptions or boils. N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium
bromide (MEP) is classified as a human mutagen (Cat. 2). MEP has been documented to
produce a positive mutagenic result in the in-vivo somatic cell mutagenicity assay, the bone
marrow micronucleous test.
Eye
Corrosive - irritant. Contact may result in irritation, lacrimation, pain, redness, corneal burns
and possible permanent damage.
Inhalation
Slightly corrosive - irritant. Over exposure may result in irritation of the nose and throat,
coughing, nausea, dizziness and headache. Aspiration into lungs may cause chemical
pneumonitis and pulmonary oedema
Skin
Corrosive. Contact may result in irritation, redness, pain, rash, dermatitis and possible
burns. May cause possible allergic reaction with bromodera (bromide rashes) and possible
acne-like eruptions or boils.
Ingestion
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Corrosive. Ingestion may result in burns to the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and ulceration.
Toxicity Data
ZINC CHLORIDE (7646-85-7)
LCLo (Inhalation):
LD50 (Ingestion):
LDLo (Intraperitoneal):
TCLo (Inhalation):
TDLo (Ingestion):
1960 mg/m³/10 minutes (rat)
200 mg/kg (guinea pig)
30 g/kg (7-8 day pregnant rat)
4800 mg/m³/30 minutes (man)
15 mg/kg (chicken - tumours)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (7447-40-7)
LD50 (Ingestion):
LD50 (Intraperitoneal):
LD50 (Intravenous):
LDLo (Ingestion):
LDLo (Intraperitoneal):
LDLo (Intravenous):
LDLo (Subcutaneous):
TDLo (Ingestion):
1500 mg/kg (mouse)
620 mg/kg (mouse)
117 mg/kg (mouse)
20 mg/kg (man)
900 mg/kg (guinea pig)
77 mg/kg (guinea pig)
2120 mg/kg (frog)
60 mg/kg/days (woman)
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
The major constituents of this material are considered to be very harmful to aquatic life. No
environmental toxicity data is available for N-Ethyl-N-Methyl Pyrollidinium Bromide.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste disposal
Wearing protective equipment, absorb with non-organic absorbent (i.e. vermiculite or clay)
and collect and place in suitable containers for disposal. For large quantities, contact the
manufacturer for additional information. Prevent dispersal of product and product residues
to waterways and the environment.
Legislation
Dispose of in accordance with relevant local legislation.
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14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
CLASSIFIED AS DANGEROUS GOODS BY THE AUSTRALIAN DANGEROUS
GOODS CODE - Edition 7, and Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008 of the European
Union.
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem Code 2X
IATA
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem Code 2X
IMDG
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem code 2X
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
AICS
All chemicals listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS).
ESIS
All chemicals listed via the European chemical substances information system.
16. OTHER INFORMATION
EXPOSURE STANDARDS - TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGES
Exposure standards are established on the premise of an 8 hour work period of normal
intensity, under normal climatic conditions and where a 16 hour break between shifts exists
to enable the body to eliminate absorbed contaminants. In the following circumstances,
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exposure standards must be reduced: strenuous work conditions; hot, humid climates; high
altitude conditions; extended shifts (which increase the exposure period and shorten the
period of recuperation).
ABBREVIATIONS:
ADG
BEI
CAS#
mg/m³
N.O.S.
pH
ppm
STEL
SWA
TWA
Australian Dangerous Goods.
Biological Exposure Indice(s).
Chemical Abstract Service number - used to uniquely identify chemical
compounds.
Milligrams per Cubic Metre.
Not Otherwise Specified.
Relates to hydrogen ion concentration using a scale of 0 (high acidic) to 14
(highly alkaline).
Parts Per Million.
Short Term Exposure Limit.
Safe Work Australia.
Time Weighted Average.
This SDS has been prepared according to the guidelines published by Safe Work Australia.
The information presented is believed to be correct to the best of our knowledge, but does
not claim to be all inclusive. The information in this document is based on our present
knowledge and should be only considered as a guide. As with any chemical substance an in
house risk assessment should always be carried out.
End of Safety Data Sheet
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Appendix H
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte Safety
Datasheet (Waste)
This section contains the safety datasheet for the ZBM’s waste
electrolyte.
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SAFETY DATA SHEET
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte (Waste)
1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
TRADE NAME AS LABELLED:
RedFlow Battery Electrolyte (Waste)
PRODUCT NUMBER:
N/A
CHEMICAL NAME:
Mixture
INTENDED USE:
Battery electrolyte
U.N. NUMBER:
3264
U.N. DANGEROUS GOODS CLASS:
8 Corrosive liquid N.O.S. (contains Zinc
Bromide, polybromide oil)
SUBSIDIARY RISK:
None
MANUFACTURER’S NAME:
RedFlow International Pty Ltd
ADDRESS:
EMERGENCY PHONE:
27 Counihan Road, Seventeen Mile
Rocks, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, 4073
+61 (0) 7 3317 9699
BUSINESS PHONE:
+61 (0) 7 3376 0008
DATE OF PREPARATION:
12 September 2012
DATE OF LAST REVISION:
New
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2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Health Hazard
Signal word:
Skull and
Crossbones
Corrosion
Aquatic
pollutant
Danger
H302
H314
H317
H341
H400
H410
Harmful if swallowed
Causes severe skin burns and eye damage
May cause an allergic skin reaction
Suspected of causing genetic defects
Very toxic to aquatic life
Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting consequences
P201
P202
Obtain special instructions before use
Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and
understood.
Do not breathe dusts or mists
Avoid breathing dust / fume / gas / mist / vapours / spray
Wash hands thoroughly after handling
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
Contaminated clothing should not be allowed out of the work place
Wear protective gloves / protective clothing
Use personal protective equipment as required
If SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER or doctor / physician if you feel
unwell.
If SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. DO NOT induce vomiting.
If ON SKIN: Wash with soap and water.
If on skin or hair: Remove / Take off immediately all contaminated
clothing. Rinse skin (hair) with water shower.
If exposed or concerned: Get medical advice / attention.
In the case of accident or if you feel unwell seek medical advice
immediately (show this SDS where possible)
Rinse mouth.
If skin irritation or a rash occurs: Get medical advice / attention.
Wash contaminated clothing before re-use.
P260
P261
P264
P270
P272
P280
P281
P301+P312
P301+P330+P331
P302+P352
P303+P361+P353
P308+313
P321
P330
P333+313
P363
RedFlow ZBM – Gen 2.5 Installation and Operation Manual
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P405
P501
Store locked up.
Dispose of contents / container in accordance with the local regulations
in force.
This mixture is classified as Dangerous Goods according to the ADG code 7th
Edition of Australia, and Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008 of the European
Union, and contains corrosive, toxic (Cat. 4), and possible mutagenic (Cat. 2)
components.
RedFlow ZBM – Gen 2.5 Installation and Operation Manual
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3. COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Ingredient
CAS
WT %
Hazard Statement
Code(s)
H341
Hazard Class and
category Codes
Muta. 2
N Ethyl N Methyl
Pyrollidinium
Bromide (MEP)
Zinc Bromide
69227-51-6
< 10%
7699-45-8
10-20%
H302, H314, H317,
H400, H410
7646-85-7
< 5%
H302, H314, H400,
H410
Acute Tox. 4
Skin Corr. 1B
Skin Sens. 1
Aquatic Acute 1
Aquatic Chronic 1
Acute Tox. 4
Skin Corr. 1B
Aquatic Acute 1
Aquatic Chronic 1
Zinc Chloride
Potassium Chloride
7447-40-7
< 5%
No information
Water
7732-18-5
> 50%
No information
Polybromide oil
N/A
< 10%
No information
Precautionary Statements
H302
H314
H317
H341
H400
H410
P264, P270, P301+312, P330, P501
P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P363, P304+340,
P310, P321, P305+351+338
P261, P272, P280, P302+352, P333+313, P321, P363, P501
P201, P202, P281, P308+313, P405, P501
P501
P501
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4. FIRST AID MEASURES
Eye
If in eyes, hold eyelids apart and flush continuously with running water. Continue flushing
until advised to stop by a Poisons Information Centre, or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes.
Inhalation
If inhaled, remove affected person(s) from contaminated area. To protect rescuer use a
Type B (Inorganic and acid gas) respirator where an inhalation risk exists. Apply artificial
respiration if not breathing. Contact emergency personnel.
Skin
If skin or hair contact occurs, remove contaminated clothing and flush skin and / or hair with
running water. Continue flushing with water until advised to stop by a Poisons Information
Centre or a doctor.
Ingestion
For advice, contact a Poison Information Centre on 13 11 26 (Australia Wide) or a doctor (at
once).
The decision to induce or not to induce emesis in ingestion is often controversial, is not
automatic, and must be carefully considered. Emesis may be indicated in substantial recent
ingestions. Contraindications to emesis induction include: signs of oral, pharyngeal, or
oesophageal irritation; a depressed gag reflex; or central nervous system excitation or
depression. If these are present or likely, EMESIS SHOULD NOT BE INDUCED.
Special treatment
Treat symptomatically.
First aid facilities
Eye wash facilities and safety shower should be available.
Symptoms of Exposure
Product is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory
tract, eyes and skin. Symptoms include spasm, inflammation and oedema of the larynx,
spasm, inflammation and oedema of the bronchi, pneumonitis, pulmonary oedema, burning
sensation, cough, wheezing, shortness of breath, headache and nausea.
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Potential health effects
Inhalation
Skin
Ingestion
Eyes
May be harmful if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive to the tissue of
the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract.
May be harmful if absorbed through the skin. Causes skin burns. May cause
bromide rash and / or skin blackening in the longer term.
Harmful if swallowed, causes burns.
Causes eye burns.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Suitable extinguishing equipment
In a fire situation select extinguishing media based on the cause of the surrounding fire.
Product will not react adversely with water, foam or dry agent based extinguishers. Prevent
contamination of drains or waterways. Wear full protective equipment including Self
Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) when combating fire. Use water-fog to cool intact
containers and nearby storage areas.
Special hazards
This product is considered to be non-flammable; however, if heated to decomposition this
product may evolve fumes of bromine, hydrogen bromide and carbon monoxide. Many
organic compounds and some reactive metals may burn in a bromine atmosphere.
Advice for fire fighters
Remain upwind and notify those downwind of hazard. Wear full protective equipment
including Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) when combating fire. Use water-fog to
cool intact containers and nearby storage areas.
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Spillage
Contact emergency services where appropriate. Use personal protective equipment to
prevent skin / eye contact. Clear area of all unprotected personnel. Ventilate area where
possible. Contain spillage, then cover / absorb spill with non-combustible absorbent
material (vermiculite, sand, or similar), collect and place in suitable containers for disposal.
Wash spill site with water.
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7. STORAGE AND HANDLING
Store in secured, cool, dry, well-ventilated area in a tightly closed container. Store removed
from combustible materials, heat or ignition sources, alkalis, acids, metals and foodstuffs.
Ensure containers are adequately labelled and protected from physical damage. Containers
that are opened must be carefully re-sealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. When not
stored in original battery packaging, electrolyte must be stored in a thick walled
polyethylene container. Handle and open container with care.
Before use carefully read the product label. Use of safe work practices are recommended to
avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Observe good personal hygiene, including washing
hands before eating. Wash hands thoroughly after use
Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking in contaminated areas.
Prevent release into the environment.
PPE
Eye / Face
Wear goggles / full face mask where there is a risk of splashing.
Hands
Wear PVC or rubber gloves.
Body
Not required if suitable engineering controls are in place however
chemical resistant suit should be considered if a risk assessment deems it
necessary.
Respiratory
Type B respirator where risk of inhalation occurs.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS
Ingredient
Zinc Chloride(fume)
Zinc Bromide (fume)
N Ethyl N Methyl
Pyrollidinium
Bromide (MEP)
Reference
SWA(AUS)
Data not available
Data not available
TWA
1 mg / m3
STEL
2 mg / m3
This material should be handled in well-ventilated conditions. Do not create mists / sprays.
As far as possible use appropriate engineering controls to reduce exposure to splashes /
mists / sprays.
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9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Appearance
YELLOW LIQUID (with possible dark brown
oily component)
Solubility (water)
SOLUBLE
Odour
Bromine odour
Specific Gravity
Approx 1.2
pH
1 to 4
% Volatiles
NOT AVAILABLE
Vapour Pressure
7 mBar
Flammability
NON FLAMMABLE
Vapour Density
5.2 (Air = 1)
Flash Point
NOT RELEVANT
Boiling Point
128°C
Upper Explosion Limit
NOT RELEVANT
Melting Point
NOT AVAILABLE
Lower Explosion Limit
NOT RELEVANT
Evaporation Rate
0.1 (Butyl acetate = 1)
Auto ignition Temperature
NOT RELEVANT
Decomposition Temperature
NOT AVAILABLE
Partition Coefficient
NOT AVAILABLE
Viscosity
0.7 cSt
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Chemical stability
Stable under recommended conditions of storage.
Conditions to avoid
Avoid heat (> 60°C), sparks, open flames and other ignition sources.
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Material to avoid
This material will corrode most metals.
Hazardous
May evolve toxic gases (metal oxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides) when heated to
decomposition.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Health hazard
Corrosive. This product has the potential to cause adverse health effects. Use safe work
practices to avoid eye or skin contact and inhalation. Engineered solutions such as using
suitable pumps to transfer material rather than attempting to manually pour should be
considered.
Summary
Product contains bromide. Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction with
"bromide rash" and possible acne-like eruptions or boils. N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium
bromide (MEP) is classified as a human mutagen (Cat. 2). MEP has been documented to
produce a positive mutagenic result in the in-vivo somatic cell mutagenicity assay, the bone
marrow micronucleous test.
Eye
Corrosive - irritant. Contact may result in irritation, lacrimation, pain, redness, corneal burns
and possible permanent damage.
Inhalation
Corrosive - irritant. Over exposure may result in irritation of the nose and throat, coughing,
nausea, dizziness and headache. Aspiration into lungs may cause chemical pneumonitis and
pulmonary oedema
Skin
Corrosive. Contact may result in irritation, redness, pain, rash, dermatitis and possible
burns. May cause possible allergic reaction with bromodera (bromide rashes) and possible
acne-like eruptions or boils.
Ingestion
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Corrosive. Ingestion may result in burns to the mouth and throat, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and ulceration.
Toxicity Data
ZINC CHLORIDE (7646-85-7)
LCLo (Inhalation):
LD50 (Ingestion):
LDLo (Intraperitoneal):
TCLo (Inhalation):
TDLo (Ingestion):
1960 mg/m³/10 minutes (rat)
200 mg/kg (guinea pig)
30 g/kg (7-8 day pregnant rat)
4800 mg/m³/30 minutes (man)
15 mg/kg (chicken - tumours)
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE (7447-40-7)
LD50 (Ingestion):
LD50 (Intraperitoneal):
LD50 (Intravenous):
LDLo (Ingestion):
LDLo (Intraperitoneal):
LDLo (Intravenous):
LDLo (Subcutaneous):
TDLo (Ingestion):
1500 mg/kg (mouse)
620 mg/kg (mouse)
117 mg/kg (mouse)
20 mg/kg (man)
900 mg/kg (guinea pig)
77 mg/kg (guinea pig)
2120 mg/kg (frog)
60 mg/kg/days (woman)
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
The major constituents of this material are considered to be very harmful to aquatic life. No
environmental toxicity data is available for N-Ethyl-N-Methyl Pyrollidinium Bromide.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Waste disposal
Wearing protective equipment, absorb with non-organic absorbent (i.e. vermiculite or clay)
and collect and place in suitable containers for disposal. For large quantities, contact the
manufacturer for additional information. Prevent dispersal of product and product residues
to waterways and the environment.
Legislation
Dispose of in accordance with relevant local legislation.
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14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
CLASSIFIED AS DANGEROUS GOODS BY THE AUSTRALIAN DANGEROUS
GOODS CODE - Edition 7, and Regulation (EC) no. 1272/2008 of the European
Union.
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide, polybromide oil)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem Code 2X
IATA
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide, polybromide oil)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem Code 2X
IMDG
Shipping Name: CORROSIVE LIQUID, N.O.S. (contains Zinc Bromide, polybromide oil)
UN No. 3264 Class 8 DG
Packing Group II
Hazchem code 2X
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
AICS
All chemicals listed on the Australian Inventory of Chemical Substances (AICS) with the
exception of polybromide oil.
ESIS
All chemicals listed via the European chemical substances information system with the
exception of polybromide oil.
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16. OTHER INFORMATION
EXPOSURE STANDARDS - TIME WEIGHTED AVERAGES
Exposure standards are established on the premise of an 8 hour work period of normal
intensity, under normal climatic conditions and where a 16 hour break between shifts exists
to enable the body to eliminate absorbed contaminants. In the following circumstances,
exposure standards must be reduced: strenuous work conditions; hot, humid climates; high
altitude conditions; extended shifts (which increase the exposure period and shorten the
period of recuperation).
ABBREVIATIONS:
ADG
BEI
CAS#
mg/m³
N.O.S.
pH
ppm
STEL
SWA
TWA
Australian Dangerous Goods.
Biological Exposure Indice(s).
Chemical Abstract Service number - used to uniquely identify chemical
compounds.
Milligrams per Cubic Metre.
Not Otherwise Specified.
Relates to hydrogen ion concentration using a scale of 0 (high acidic) to 14
(highly alkaline).
Parts Per Million.
Short Term Exposure Limit.
Safe Work Australia.
Time Weighted Average.
This SDS has been prepared according to the guidelines published by Safe Work Australia.
The information presented is believed to be correct to the best of our knowledge, but does
not claim to be all inclusive. The information in this document is based on our present
knowledge and should be only considered as a guide. As with any chemical substance an in
house risk assessment should always be carried out.
End of Safety Data Sheet
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Document Revision History
Version
Date
Details of Change
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Notes:
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