Introduction to Psychology
Final Project
Name: ______________________
Matching
Match the person to the description that best fits what did. This sections should be
done last.
A. WIHLEM WUNDT
B. JOHN WATSON
C. CARL JUNG
D. ABRAHAM MASLOW
E. CARL ROGERS
F. B.F. SKINNER
G. IVAN PAVLOV
H. IVAN PAVLOV
I. JEAN PIAGET
J. ERIK ERIKSON
K. HOWARD GARDNER
L. HARRY HARLOW
M. SIGMUND FREUD
N. LAWRENCE KOHLBERG
____1. Psychoanalytical theory that focuses on unconscious – Id-Ego-Superego.
____2. Theory of Multiple Intelligences.
____3. Humanistic psychology – the theory that emphasizes the unique quality of humans especially their
freedom and potential for personal growth.
____4. People evolve through eight stages over the life span. Each stage is marked by psychological crisis that
involves confronting the question of “who am I?”.
____5. Studied theory of attachment in infant Rhesus monkeys.
____6. His theory states there are three levels of moral reasoning and each level can be divided into two stages.
____7. Founder of behaviorism – studied generalization. Little Albert experiment.
____8. Pioneer in the study of Classical Conditioning.
____9. Four stage theory of cognitive development. He said that two basic processes work in tandem to
achieve cognitive growth – assimilation and accommodation.
____10. Operant conditioning – techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism’s behavior I order
to observe the effects of subsequent behavior.
____11. People have conscious and unconscious awareness. Archetypes. Collective Unconscious.
____12. Introspection. Psychology was the scientific study of conscious experience.
____13. Hierarchy of needs – needs at the lower level dominate an individual’s motivation as long as they are
unsatisfied. Once these needs are adequately met, the higher needs occupy the individual’s attention.
Sigmund Freud
www.loc.gov/exhibits/freud/freud.html
Then, click through the topics under “Exhibition Sections”
Birth Name
Life Dates
Country of Birth
County Most
Associated With
Field of Early
Training
Sigismund Schlomo Freud
May 6, 1856 - Sept. 23, 1939
Czech Republic
Austria
Neuroscience
FREUD AND COCAINE
What two uses did Freud believe cocaine might have?
1. ________________________
2.____________________________
SWITCH TO CLINICAL WORK
What caused Freud to switch to clinical work? _______________________
What area did he switch from? ___________________________________
THERAPY
What did Freud believe was the cause of apparently meaningless behaviors?
What three techniques did Freud use to get patients to “dredge up thoughts related
to their symptoms”?
________________________
_________________________
____________________________
Later, he began asking patients to say whatever crossed their minds. What is this
technique called?
_____________________________
What terms did Freud use to refer to the strong emotions projected by the patient onto the
doctor and the doctor onto the patient?
_______________________________
__________________________
THEORY
What did Freud believe dreams to be signs of? ________________________________
The Interpretation of Dreams, in part description of his methods and results, in part
autobiography, and in part speculation on the workings of the mind, marks the beginning of:
_____________________________
Freud’s term for the defense mechanism that turns our unacceptable desires away from us.
These only appear in dreams, symptoms and other uncontrolled actions.
__________________________
FROM THE INDIVIDUAL TO SOCIETY
Psychoanalysis Expands Internationally
Name of the association that was formed: ____________________________________
Person picked by Freud to lead: _________________________________
Two psychologists who deemphasized sexuality in favor of unconscious forces:
_____________________________
__________________________
When and why did Freud leave Vienna?
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/freud.htm
Using the site above describe Frued’s theory of the id, ego and superego.
Wilhelm Wundt
Life Dates
Country of Origin
1832-1920
Germany
What is Wundt often considered? ___________________________________________
What was Wundt the first to establish? _______________________________________
What did Wundt state mental events in relation to?
______________________________
_______________________________
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/wundtjames.html
Describe Wundt’s experimental introspection:
John Watson
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/watson.htm
Life Dates
Country of Origin
1878-1958
USA
Watson was the founder of what school of psychology? _____________________________
What did he see psychology as?
What three emotions did Watson believe children to have?
________________
______________
_______________
This lead to what experiment? __________________________________________
Why has this experiment not been duplicated?
What was behaviorism intended to do?
Carl Jung
Life Dates
Country of Origin
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html
1875 - 1961
Switzerland
What did each part of Jung’s psyche deal with?
Ego –
Personal Unconscious –
Collective Unconscious –
Archetype –
_____________ - Public image
BF Skinner
Full Name
Life Dates
Country of Origin
http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/skinner.html
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
1904-1990
USA
Operant Conditioning –
Cage designed to see if a rat, through reinforcement, could be conditioned to press a lever:
______________________________
What are four schedules of reinforcement?
________________________ _
__________________________
_________________________
_________________________
While a token economy works well in specific environments, what happens when the individual
leaves that environment?
Jean Piaget
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/piaget.htm
Life Dates
Country of Origin
1896-1980
Switzerland
Two main fields of study:
_________________________ _
___________________________
List Piaget’s four Stages of Cognitive Development:
1. ______________________________
2. ______________________________
3. ______________________________
4. ______________________________
At which stage would one be able to learn algebra? ___________________________
Erik Erikson
http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/erikson.htm
Life Dates
Country of Origin
Country most of his
work was done in
1902-1994
Germany
USA
Number of stages of psychological development: _____________
A major question in each stage, particularly the fifth centers on : _____________________
Lawrence Kohlberg
http://relong.myweb.uga.edu/
Life Dates
Country of Origin
1927-1987
USA
What inspired Kohlberg’s desire to found “just communities”?
What type of development did Kohlberg focus on? _________________________
What were the two dilemmas Kohlberg used in his studies?
Harry Harlow
http://muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/harlow.htm
Life Dates
Country of Origin
1906-1981
USA
Most famous for working with this animal: _________________________
Developed the theory of ______________________, which is why we love our “loveys”.
How does a negligent mother differ from an abusive mother?
What impact did each have on the monkeys when they were “adults”?
Carl Rogers
Life Dates
Country of Origin
1902-1987
USA
Type of therapy Roger’s focused on: _______________________________
Field of psychology he mainly worked in / developed: __________________________
Believed that psychoanalysis stopped clients from achieving self - ?
_______________________________
__________________________
The following are on the matching, but not listed here:
 Abraham Maslow
 Howard Gardner
 Ivan Pavlov
You should be able to do the matching portion from memory, but, if you cannot, you may use
your book.