Review of Gases (S13)
The Big Ideas
-Properties of gases can be described qualitatively and quantitatively, and can be predicted
- Our atmosphere is made up of gases and this mixture is affected by human activities
Terminology
Kinetic Molecular Theory
kinetic energy
temperature
Greenhouse gas
Greenhouse effect
photochemical smog
pressure
constant
1.
absolute zero
Kelvin
Standard conditions
Standard ambient conditions
Charles Law
Boyle’s Law
Gay-Lussac’s Law
Avogadro’s Law
Complete the following unit conversions:
a) 1.58 atm  kPa
b) 595 mmHg  kPa c) 85kPa  psi
Combined Gas Law
Ideal Gas Law
Ideal Gas Constant
partial pressure
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure
molar volume
d) 840 torr  atm e) -20°C K
(160 kPa, 79.3 kPa, 12 psi, 1.11 atm, 253K)
2.
Sketch a graph to show each relationship and name the law represented:
a) P & T b) V & T
c) P & V
3.
Explain why Temperature must be converted to kelvin when using the gas laws.
4.
The volume of O2 gas at 15 °C is 4.0 L. What volume will the O2 occupy at 45°C? ( 4.4L)
5. He gas exerts a pressure of 105 kPa at 25°C. At what temperature in °C will the pressure be 84 kPa? (-35°C)
6. 15L of a gas has a pressure of 785 mmHg. What volume will the gas occupy when the pressure is 900 mmHg?
(13L)
7. If a given mass of a gas occupies a volume of 6.3 L at a pressure of 101 kPa and 0.0°C, what volume will it occupy
at a pressure of 143 kPa and a temperature of 113°C? (6.3L)
8. A mixture of gases contains hydrogen, helium and nitrogen. If the total pressure of the mixture is 200 kPa, the
partial pressure of hydrogen is 15 kPa, and the partial pressure of helium is 10 kPa, what is the partial pressure
of the nitrogen? (175 kPa)
9. What is the volume of 10.3 g of chlorine gas at STP? (3.30L)
10. What is the pressure of oxygen gas in a 50.0L tank if the mass of the gas is 2.53 kg and the temperature is 22.0°C
(3.9 x 103 kPa)
11. Argon gas is used in welding. What mass of argon has a volume of 12.3L at SATP? (20.1 g)
12. Some nitrogen is held in a 10.00L tank at a pressure of 101 kPa. The tank is attached to a 5.00L tank that is
completely empty. A valve is opened to connect the two tanks. No temperature change occurs in the process.
Determine the new pressure of the gas in this two tank system. (67.3 kPa)
13. A small business has obtained an inflatable balloon for advertising. The nearest supplier of helium only has
60.0 kg of the gas available. If the balloon has a volume of 283 000L, is 60.0 kg of helium enough to inflate the
balloon to a pressure of 100 kPa and 18°C? Explain. (3.63 x 103L , sufficient to inflate the balloon)
14. An analytical chemist believes that an unknown gas is dinitrogen pentoxide. As a confirmatory test, she
determines the density of the gas to be 3.46 g/L at 80.0 kPa and 27.0 °C.
a) Calculate the molar mass of the unknown gas. Hint : Incorporate density (mass/volume) into the Ideal Gas
Equation. (107.87 g/mol)
b) Does your result support the chemist’s conclusion as to the identity of the gas? (Yes, molar mass of
dinitrogen pentoxide is 108 g/mol)
15. Yeast and bacteria feed on glucose C6H12O6 (aq) during alcoholic fermentation. The products of the reaction are
ethanol (CH3CH2OH (l), and carbon dioxide gas.
a) Write the balanced equation.
b) What volume of carbon dioxide gas is produced from 2.00 mol of glucose at SATP? (97.8 L)
c) Based on this result, why do you think alcoholic beverages are fermented before they are bottled or
canned?
16. Consider the reaction: Al (s) + HCl (aq)  AlCl3 (aq) + H2 (g)
unbalanced
What mass of Al is required to produce 36.3L of H2 at 22.0°C and 773 torr? (27 g)