Data Centre Proposition
Introduction
The growth of data
The creation of data has accelerated dramatically in recent years and is likely to continue to grow
rapidly in the next decade. Companies, organisations and individuals, are creating vast amounts of
data every second about their businesses, customers, operations and personal lives. It is estimated
that 90% of the world’s data was created in the last two years1, and each day 2.5bn gigabytes of data
is created – enough to fill over 27,000 iPads per minute2. Millions of networked sensors have been
embedded in the physical world in devices such as mobile phones, smart energy meters,
automobiles, and industrial machines that sense, create and communicate yet more data in the age
of the Internet of Things. It has been suggested that this could mean that by 2020 sensor data will be
created by as many as 50bn connected devices across the globe3.
Data has been likened to the “new oil” of the 21st century4, and is therefore a driver of growth as
business sectors across the economy are being transformed by data, analytics, and modelling as
described in the UK Government’s Information Economy Strategy5. There are several important
themes that are driving the growth, use and significance of data:
Cloud Computing – The growth of cloud services and storage has been driven by cost reduction and
scalability. For large organisations storage of data virtually is the only cost effective solution; for
small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) the ability to use cloud services and storage allows these
companies to grow without having to invest in large IT capital expenditure which traditionally has
inhibited growth. Furthermore the availability of cloud-based solutions has dramatically lowered the
cost of storage, which has led to more UK companies being able to work with big data analytics6.
The implementation of the G-Cloud framework and Cloudstore7 in the UK has driven the growth of
cloud service adoption in the public sector, allowing more companies to participate in this market
than ever before8.
Big Data Analytics – Big data refers to datasets whose size is beyond the ability of typical database
software tools to capture, store, manage, and analyse. Big data in many sectors today will range
from a few dozen terabytes to multiple petabytes (thousands of terabytes). Big data analytical tools
(analytics) are being adopted by both large companies and SMEs across all sectors; 85% of Fortune
500 companies are expected to implement the technology in next 2 years, with widespread adoption
of big data analytics by 20179. Big data has been defined as one of the UK’s “Eight Great
Technologies” strategic areas by the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills, illustrating the
Government’s commitment to this area10. It is estimated that the big data market will benefit the UK
economy by £216bn and create 58,000 new jobs before 201711. NESTA has shown that UK datadriven firms are 40% more likely to report launching products and services ahead of their
competitors than those who aren’t data-driven firms12. NESTA also shows a strong connection
between online data use and a firm’s productivity and profitability.
Internet of Things (IoT) – According to Gartner the Internet of Things will profoundly transform the
data centre market, its customers, suppliers, technology and patterns of sales and marketing; it is
estimated that the IoT installation base will increase to 26bn by 2020 and the connected devices will
spread to the entire globe13. IoT deployments will generate large quantities of data that will need to
be processed and analysed in real time; this activity will increase as a proportion of the overall
workloads of data centres, leaving providers facing new security, capacity and analytics challenges.
IoT product and service suppliers will generate incremental revenue exceeding $300bn, mostly in
services14.
Smart Cities – the worldwide evolution of cities from urban settlements to Smart or Future Cities is
accelerating driven by expanding populations, the desire for individuals to live in cities and the
pressure on resources. An OECD report forecast that 70% of the global population will live in
urbanised areas by 205015. This evolution is enabled by both the Internet of Things and Big data
analytics, which in turn drives the creation of yet more data and increased need for and dependency
on data centres; this presents a challenge and an opportunity. It has been stated that if cities do not
invest in scalable and flexible data centre infrastructure and focus on managing their data traffic,
then it could lead to severe outages or failure of services on which the population has become
reliant16. However the UK is actively engaged in the development of Smart City technologies and the
creation of a number of cities to act as test sites for these products and services as discussed in a
recent Department of Business, Innovation and Skills report17. The Future Cities Catapult has been
set-up by the Technology Strategy Board with support from industry representing an investment of
up to £150m18. It will focus on bringing together cities, companies and academics to develop new
commercial solutions for integrated city systems, much of which will be driven by the Internet of
Things and big data collection and analysis19.
With such strong growth of data globally, the need for data storage and the ability to transmit and
manipulate data on an on-demand basis is also increasing considerably. This need is being met by
the provision of data centres: according to the research group Gartner, global spending on data
centres would be $143bn in 2013, and $149bn in 201420. Data centres have become critically
significant for the majority of businesses and individuals alike - in the UK this represents a major
market opportunity.
What is a Data Centre ?
Today, data centres are the key infrastructure that all citizens depend on for their very economic and
social well-being. Therefore, data centres lie at the heart of the operations of all companies where
all ICT, communications, data processing, storage and management is critical to their successn
practical terms this means nearly ALLbusinesses. A data centre contains the hardware and
telecommunications infrastructure to provide an environment which is safe, secure and stable. It is
carefully monitored to ensure consistent supply of fundamental facilities such as fibre connectivity,
power and cooling. The 2 key size measures for data centres21 are
 Number of racks which hold the servers and other equipment that underpins the digital
services.
 The amount of “white space” which is the portion of the data centre used to house the
racks, servers, networking and other IT equipment. This does not include areas where
cooling, power protection or distribution equipment is housed (which is known as grey
space)
The key measure of data centre operational efficiency is its Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) which
is the measure of how efficiently a data centre uses its power. The PUE represents how much of this
power is actually used by the IT equipment, in contrast to power used by cooling, lighting and other
additional plant within the data centre:
PUE = Total Facility Power/IT Equipment Power
Data centres with low PUE are considered to efficient, and will have low costs associated with
running the facility (relating to cooling, lighting…), whereas data centres with high PUE, have higher
running costs22.
.
The UK has a world class data centre industry, providing an ideal mix of service provider options such
as commercial data centre space or hosting (colocation), managed and cloud services, as well as a
global reputation in design, construction and operation of data centres.
Market Opportunity
The UK’s well established and mature data centre market offers a world class blend of specialised
skills, an experienced supplier base, strong and proven market demand and a stable and business
friendly environment. The UK is the largest data centre market in the Europe with 2.9 million m2 of
white space which corresponds to just over 27% of the region’s capacity26. Across Europe
approximately 56% of white space belongs to companies whose data centres are global in scope.
White space across the region is projected to increase by just over 1% per annum until 2016. UK data
centres have approximately 1,080,000 racks which represents 28% of Western Europe’s capability;
this reflects an annual growth rate of 3.8% since 2011 and predicted growth of 3.4% annually to
2016. Colocation companies, the finance sector, IT services and the telecoms & media sectors own
and/or operate the highest number of racks; highest growth in the number of racks since 2012 has
been in the professional services sector.
Investment in data centres can be divided in to three broad categories:
1. Colocation & outsourcing services: includes retail colocation, wholesale colocation, hosting,
managed services, IaaS, PaaS and SaaS
2. Facility equipment and solutions: includes cabling and switching infrastructure, power
protection equipment, cooling infrastructure solutions, power distribution solutions;
monitoring systems, power distribution systems, data centre infrastructure management
(DCIM), modular solutions and containerized solutions
3. IT optimisation strategies and solutions: includes server virtualization, application
virtualization, user virtualization, cloud infrastructure architectures, network and routing
equipment upgrades, storage systems upgrades, systems management upgrades, data
centre automation software, blade servers, high performance computing, unified computing,
mainframe computing
In Colocation & outsourcing services, the UK is the second largest market in the world (after the US)
valued at $3.79bn in 2012/13 which represented growth of 11.5% year on year; projected growth in
this category is expected to be 8% for the whole of Western Europe of which the UK is the most
significant component. In Facility equipment & solutions the UK is also the second biggest market
(after the US) valued at $5.8bn in 2012/13 with a similar position for IT optimisation and solutions
valued at $5.91bn, which taken together represents 36% of Europe’s total investment. European
growth was 7.4% year on year and projected growth in this category is expected to be 4.8% in
2013/2014 leading to a corresponding total European investment of £33.5bn. In 2012/13 the
combined investment across all three categories was valued at $15.5bn second only to the US27.
According to the AMA Data Centre Construction Market Report - UK 2014-2018 Analysis28 it is
estimated that cooling and air conditioning equipment within data centres is worth around £263m at
installed prices per annum, while the market for data centre construction was estimated to be
valued at around £1.1bn in 2013, following two years of high level growth29. Power consumption
from Western European data centres in 2013 was 11.78GW of which the UK was the largest
component at 3.1GW (26%)30.
Attractiveness of the UK as a destination for data centres
It is not just the size of the UK’s digital services market which makes it a global competitor. In 2013,
the UK was named the second lowest risk destination in the world for data centre locations31 and the
UK is also positioned fourth in the overall Data Centre Development Index (DCDi), which ranks
markets according to their state of development32. This ranking is predominantly due to the UK’s
high internet bandwidth capacity and a high rating for the ease of doing business. Achieving an
increase in energy efficiency is important as energy costs are estimated to comprise between 25%
and 60% of data centre operating costs33. Through increases in energy efficiency, data centres can
achieve greater effectiveness as more work is done per unit of energy used; a selection of UK
research in this area is given below.
The UK is a location of choice for data centre providers as it scores highly on many of the following
criteria:
Power
Data centres have high power consumption requirements, so stability of power supply is a critical
decision factor. Unexpected power outages and fluctuations which are common place in many parts
of the world and are incompatible with the efficient running of a data centre. Fortunately the UK has
stable affordable power supply and an excellent track record for consistency of supply. The UK’s data
centres have an outstanding record of continuous energy monitoring at 80% second only to Japan34.
Cooling and Climate
Data centres generate large amounts of heat so efficient cooling is important for keeping
operational costs low. Data centres built in cooler climates can reduce costs because outside air can
be used to chill them. The UK climate is temperate, with limited highs and lows and a low average
temperature across the year compared to many global locations. So the UK environment is ideally
suited to energy efficient data centres, and is further supported by R&D focused on technology to
improving energy efficiency (see below).
Connectivity
For the majority of sectors, the time taken to access data (latency) is very important to a company
and in some cases it is business critical (e.g. financial services). In the UK there are many data
centres that are located close to end users and also those that are in more remote locations but with
very good connectivity reflecting the diverse range of options that are on offer. With three Internet
Exchanges (London, Manchester and Leeds), the UK has excellent connectivity to the rest of the
world and is truly the digital gateway to Europe and global markets.
Optical Fibre infrastructure
In England the network structure is largely received from 4 input areas: the North East, North West,
London/South East and most notably the South West35. The landings in the North of England are
linked to Scandinavia, Northern and Republic of Ireland and Europe; the highest amount of cables
land in the South West, as they link with the Americas and are the primary location for cables
transferring to the rest of Europe and Asia. In Northern Ireland the optical fibre Network is mainly
driven by Project Kelvin from Hibernia and also from the CeltixConnect cable. Project Kelvin36 is an
extensive submarine and terrestrial cable deployment that directly connects Northern Ireland to
North America. In Scotland there are direct links to Scandinavia, Iceland and North America37. In
Wales the Carrier Wales Network is driven mainly driven by the Manchester Gateway; the Superfast
Cymru connect network, which is based in South Wales, is driven by cable landings in the South
West of England38.
Proximity to risk
Data centres aren’t indestructible. Building them on fault lines, on flood plains, below sea level, or in
the path of air traffic creates unnecessary risk for the facility. The UK has an extremely stable
environment with limited extreme weather conditions and natural disasters. The Global Seismic
Hazard map39 shows the UK is one of the lowest risk regions in the world for seismic activity.
Data security
Privacy concerns and compliance regulations require that certain types of data (in particular,
customers’ personal data) be stored within the region or nation in which it is collected. Political
instability also causes concern regarding data security. The UK has a strong history of economic and
political stability dating back many hundreds of years. It has a proud track record of business friendly
and pragmatic policy in this area (see also Policy section below)
Opportunity by sector
With the growth of data generation, analysis and storage in all sectors, opportunities exist across the
data centre supply chain for both SMEs and larger companies:
Finance
Advanced business modelling and the development of big data analytical tools is revolutionising this
sector leading to increased demand for low latency data centre provision to support innovation and
optimisation and the upgrade of legacy systems.
Internet hosting and online retail
The UK is the biggest E-Commerce market in Europe and has a rapidly developing M-Commerce
market, leading to rapidly expanding demand for cloud based services and data storage.
Healthcare
With an environment of open data, electronic health records and significant investments in digital
health technologies especially in big data analysis, there is significant growth in the need for data
centres to support this sector .
ICT
The growth in cloud services, mobile apps and real-time analytics has led to rapid growth in this
sector driving growth in data centre provision, which is likely to accelerate as more businesses
realise the value of big data analytics in areas like Smart Cities.
Industrial manufacturing
The growth of advanced manufacturing and the proliferation of the Internet of Things have created
a much more data intensive landscape in UK manufacturing which in turn has accelerated the need
for data centres to support this sector.
Creative Industries
The amount of digital content created and consumed in the UK has exploded in recent years. The
requirement for instant access and download particularly for video content has led to a dramatic
increase in demand for accessible and affordable data storage.
Public Sector
The UK has pioneered the implementation of an e-Government strategy as exemplified by a pandepartmental web presence (www.gov.uk), a digital marketplace for cloud service provision (GCloud / Cloudstore) and an open data philosophy. This has led to a streamlined approach to data
centre provision and many opportunities for large and small companies to participate in the delivery
of digital services for the citizen.
Ease of Doing Business
use existing content from other ICT propositions
Policy Developments
Data protection and data privacy
In today’s business environment, a company’s data can be created, stored and manipulated in
several countries which present challenges to companies and individuals alike. In the UK the key
legislation is the Data Protection Act, which defines how data is to be managed, and the rights and
responsibilities of both companies and individuals. Data privacy is a core aspect of European law and
as such is culturally embedded into the mind-set of European businesses and citizens. This is in
contrast to many markets around the world, where data privacy is treated differently. The UK has
taken a pragmatic approach to the application of the EU regulation which continues to evolve and
has created an environment that is less restrictive than most European markets. The Safe Harbour
framework is an excellent opportunity for US companies to prepare for entering the UK and
European markets and meet the data privacy requirements.
The Data Privacy Index, from information law portal Data Guidance40, calculates a risk score for each
country based on the severity of its data protection regime – a high risk means there is high chance
of breaking the rules and of being punished. According to the index the UK is ranked as having the
21st strictest data privacy laws in Europe. This means that the UK is more lenient, in terms of data
protection, than France, Germany, Spain, Norway, and Italy, whilst Ireland, the Netherlands, and
Sweden were ranked as equal leniency to the UK. "The UK Information Commissioner does not have
a legal right of audit but does ask companies to voluntarily subject themselves to audit," the index
reported. "The UK privacy regime has focused on persuasion rather than punishment to achieve
greater data privacy compliance. In France, Germany and Spain and other mainland European
countries there has been a more aggressive approach to enforcement. The UK approach is viewed as
more flexible, encouraging technological innovation, greater use of cloud computing and as being
more in tune with the global flows of data“.
Standards
The UK has taken a strong role in leadership on establishing data centre standards, industry
development and project management. The Data Centre Alliance based in the UK but with an
international membership has established the DCA Certifications Scheme41 which is a harmonised
set of standards that when applied to a data centre identifies its resilience class, site physical
security, energy efficiency strategy and operational professionalism.
Energy
Data centres are one of the fastest growing energy consumers in the IT industry. As data centres
continue to grow, their power and resource consumption will increase dramatically. Even with the
latest virtualisation and cooling technologies, the draw on total UK power will be significant.
It is currently estimated that data centres consume between 2.4-3.1% of total UK energy42. The
Carbon Reduction Commitment legislation has had a positive effect in getting UK companies to focus
on their data-centre energy consultation.
Climate change agreement
The recently implemented Climate Change Agreement (CCA) 43 grants a concession for the UK’s data
centre industry creating a more attractive and competitive environment, by reducing taxes on the
sector, in exchange for meeting agree efficiency targets. CCA’s have been designed for industry
sectors, such as manufacturing, which use large amounts of energy, but have recently been
extended to the data centre industry. Under the CCA, the sector agrees efficiency targets, at levels
where the cost won’t make the businesses uncompetitive. There are around 50 CCAs in operation,
but the data centre industry’s is the first CCA in a sector which does not manufacture physical
objects. The benefits of having a CCA and partaking in the Climate Change Levy (CCL) Discount
Scheme result in up to 90% discount on the CCL charged on energy bills in return for meeting energy
or carbon saving targets44.
Enhanced Capital Allowance (ECA) scheme45
This scheme is a key part of the Government’s programme to manage climate change. Introduced by
the Department of Energy and Climate Change it provides businesses with enhanced tax relief for
investments in equipment that meet published energy-saving criteria. The scheme enables
businesses to claim a 100% first year capital allowance on investments in certain energy saving
equipment, against the taxable profits of the period of investment. The general rate of capital
allowances is 18% a year on a reducing balance basis. Some technologies supported by the ECA
Scheme (e.g. boilers, lighting) are included in a special capital allowances pool where the general
rate of capital allowances is 8%. A 19% tax cash credit is available for loss- making companies up to
£250,000 or the company’s employment tax liabilities, whichever is less. A range of heating,
ventilation, and air conditioning equipment that is listed in the UK’s Energy Technology List (ETL)
qualifies for ECA.
Rich and Diverse Ecosystem
Funding agencies
Technology Strategy Board (TSB) is the UK’s innovation agency and is a key funding body for
technology development in the UK; it has a number of different mechanisms to support large and
small companies46. Big data exploration is a high priority for TSB and is one of the key challenge
areas within enabling technologies; a recent £4.5m call “Data exploration - creating new insight and
value” is focused on stimulating development and demonstration of new ways to explore data to
extract value from it47. Energy efficient computing is also a key priority and the subject of a recently
announced £3.5m call “Scaling up Energy-Efficient Computing"48. TSB Catapult Centres in areas such
as the Connected Digital Economy, Future Cities and Transportation will also be engaged with big
data analytics projects, all of which will drive higher demand for data centres.
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)49 is the primary agency for funding
research and development in computer science and data science. The flagship Centres for Doctoral
Training (CDTs) provide an environment for universities to work closely with industry partners on a
range of topics (e.g. big data/data analytics). Their focus is industry centric, with ample opportunities
for companies to participate: the Engineering Doctorate (EngD) is an alternative to the traditional
PhD for students who want a career in industry. A four-year programme combines PhD-level
research projects with taught courses, and students spend about 75% of their time working directly
with a company. EPSRC currently has 91 CDTs across a broad range of science & technology with a
further 22 to be added in 2014 representing a combined public and private investment of £950m.
Centres for Doctoral Training
University of Edinburgh - School of Mathematics - CDT in Data Science50
The CDT focuses on the computational principles, methods, and systems for extracting knowledge
from large data sets ranging from molecular biology to social media, from sustainable energy to
health care. This multidisciplinary centre will bring in skills from a diverse range of disciplines
including machine learning, pattern recognition, and analysis of unstructured data such as text,
images, sensor data, video, and speech.
University of Oxford and University of Warwick - CDT in Next Generation Statistical Science51
This CDT is a collaboration between 2 outstanding statistics departments and is supporting the
growing demands of measurement technology and the emergence of big data and "big models". This
is the first centre of its type in the world and will uniquely equip its students to work in big data
analytics, in sectors such as engineering, manufacturing, finance and e-commerce which have all
become aware of the big data opportunity.
Universities
University of East London (UEL) and the Data Centre Alliance (DCA) - Pan-European Data Centre
Academy (PEDCA)52
The University of East London and the Data Centre Alliance (see below) have been awarded €1.7m
by the European Commission to help define the training and research needs of the data centre
industry and to create a new Pan-European Data Centre Academy. UEL and DCA are the lead
partners of this 13 member European consortium which also includes members from Germany and
the Netherlands. It will address the digital agenda objectives for the data centre industry, which will
help to drive innovation and creativity in technology, skills enhancements and improved practices.
University of Southampton, Imperial College, University of Manchester and University of
Newcastle - PRiME: Power-efficient, Reliable, Many-core Embedded systems53
EPSRC has funded a £5.6M project addressing the challenge of developing the theory and practice of
future high-performance embedded systems utilising many-core processors to enable processor
core scaling with sustainable energy consumption and reliability; the collaboration involves 4
universities and is supported by industrial partners including Microsoft, ARM & Altera.
University of Leeds - Energy Leeds Data Centre Engineering54
Energy Leeds brings together multidisciplinary research and innovation expertise at the frontiers of
energy and environmental research to work with regional, national, and international stakeholders
in industry, academia and Government. This internationally recognised group carries out data centre
research in 3 main areas: computational fluid dynamics-based models of air-cooled data centres;
design and analysis of alternative liquid cooling methods for High Performance Computing
applications and system-level modelling of energy consumption in data centres.
London South Bank University (LSBU) - Faculty of Engineering, Science and the Built Environment55
LSBU is carrying out research into the design and implementation of novel tools for data centre life
cycle assessment; the works is very industry focused and is being supported by the Engineering and
Physical Sciences Research Council and HP. The assessment relies on scientific monitoring to
determine how much energy and carbon emissions come from the production of certain materials;
it's intended to provide clear front-end data to engineers at the press of a button.
University of Cambridge – High Performance Computing56
Cambridge’s new high performance computing facility has been rated second in the “Green 500” – a
ranking of the most efficient supercomputers worldwide. It is, however, the most efficient air-cooled
supercomputer in the world today (the first-placed machine used an oil-cooled system instead),
making it the greenest machine of its kind. Designed and built by the in-house engineering team
within the Cambridge High Performance Computing Service, its energy efficiency is 3361 Mega-flops
per watt.
University of Portsmouth57
A new energy efficient data centre worth £2.25m has recently opened at the University of
Portsmouth. The centre’s cutting edged design gives the university full control of its data centre
cooling plant, and is projected to attain a PUE of 1.14 compared to an industry average PUE rating of
2.18 (as determined by a recent study by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of data centres58)
Air conditioning firm Airedale helped design the cooling system said it saves energy because of
“indirect” cooling air circulating in the room; it will deliver free cooling up to 95% of the year
depending on air temperatures.
Institutes
Open Data Institute (ODI)
The ODI was founded in 2012 by Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Professor Sir Nigel Shadbolt; it is a not for
profit organisation funded by the Technology Strategy Board and supported by a number of
industrial partners including NTT Data, Telefonica and Quanta59. It provides training and education
in the area of open data and advises Government on policy issues. ODI assists companies and public
sector organisations to adopt open data approaches and to derive value from their data sets. It
incubates start-up companies working in open data, many of which are using and developing new
big data analytical tools. Incubated companies cover a wide range of sectors including life sciences,
energy, transport and future cities; examples include MastodonC, Carbon Culture, Placr and
Locatable60.
Hartree Centre, Daresbury
The Daresbury campus hosts a number of Science & Technology Council facilities including the
Hartree Centre which is the UK’s foremost High Performance Computing (HPC) facility61.
It has been supported by IBM and a £37.5m Government investment and combines the UK’s premier
supercomputing environment with an unrivalled depth and breadth of related skills and experience.
It enables both large and small organisations to harness the power and potential of cutting-edge
high performance computing capabilities. It also develops and deploys new software for the next
generation of supercomputers. Many of the projects carried out at Hartree focus on extracting value
from big data with examples in the retail, automotive and life sciences sectors.
Networks and Support
Data Centre Alliance (DCA)62
A not-for-profit international industry association representing the interests of the data centre
infrastructure sector. It raises awareness of the data centre industry, promotes the adoption of data
centre standards, works on programmes to improve environmental sustainability, engages
collaboration with the industry's stakeholders and widens participation to both new and growing
markets. It also plays a crucial role in leading the industry's research and development agenda
through programmes like PEDCA (see above) and supports skills development in the data centre
sector. In standards it has pioneered the DCA Certifications Scheme (see above) and supported
efforts to harmonise standards across Europe (e.g. EU Code of Conduct, using best practice to
minimise the carbon footprint of a data centre). DCA has also provided support and materials to
assist its membership in applying building information modelling (BIM) with data centre
infrastructure management (DCIM) which is a key industry trend63
Datacenter Dynamics64
Headquartered in London, Datacenter Dynamics is a full service B2B information provider at the core
of which is a unique series of events tailored specifically to deliver enhanced knowledge and
networking opportunities to professionals that design, build and operate data centres. Datacenter
Dynamics runs 49 established annual conferences in key business cities across the world, where
leading experts in the field share their insights with the top level data centre operators in each
market.
TechUK65
The UK’s primary ICT trade association which supports programmes in key areas such as cloud
computing, big data analytics and data centres. The techUK data centre group has over 400
members and is recognised by key decision makers as the collective voice of the UK data centre
industry in matters relating to public policy, reputation, professionalism and energy efficiency.
Its members include data centre operators, both colocation and enterprise providers, companies
who manufacture IT and communications hardware that occupy these facilities and others in the
data centre supply chain - from cooling solution providers to investors.
The British Computer Society Data Centre Specialist Group (DCSG)66
Focused on working with the UK, EU and North American legislative bodies to ensure the datacentre industry is properly focused on driving the changes to improve energy efficiency.
The Green Grid67
A non-profit, open industry consortium of end-users, policy-makers, technology providers, facility
architects and utility companies collaborating to improve the resource efficiency of data centres and
business computing ecosystems.
Energy Services and Technology Association (ESTA)68
The UK’s leading energy management industry association. It focuses on the demand-side energy
efficiency of buildings, building services and process services.
Cloud Industry Forum69
Aims to educate, inform and represent cloud service users and providers, cloud infrastructure
providers, cloud resellers, cloud system integrators and international cloud standards organisations.
Its ambition is to bring business consumers and suppliers of Cloud Services closer together in a
trusted and sustainable marketplace.
Kable70
Provides research and insight into public sector ICT and associated opportunities.
Tools for identifying UK data centres71:
 Data Centre Map
 Datacentersuk.com
 Colofinder.co.uk
 CBRE Data Centre Finder
Skills
The UK offers a range of talented people to support sales, marketing, design, construction and
operation of data centres, enabling businesses to grow their workforce and UK footprint. In its
recent Data Centre Census Report72, Datacenter Dynamics found that rising labour costs was a much
less critical issue in the UK compared to other major European markets, and the level of skills
shortages was much lower than in the majority of other markets in Europe. The UK also has the
ability to draw on talent from across Europe’s 500m population, further strengthening its
attractiveness as a leading technology investment destination. The UK has 4 of the world’s top 10
universities and has many other universities that have strong Computer Science and Engineering
departments that are firmly focused on developing the skills that are needed for data centre design,
construction and operation. The extensive network of CDTs (see above) has created an environment
for postgraduate researchers to work on business problems across a broad range of sectors ensuring
their skills are consistent with industry’s needs. More specifically many universities are now offering
postgraduate courses which focus on data centre construction and management, for example Leeds,
Cranfield, Westminster and West of Scotland73. Knowledge Transfer Partnerships, funded by the TSB
provide a further mechanism for funding technology projects which facilitate the transfer of
essential skills from universities to companies via a collaborative project; in this case financial
support is provided at ~50-67% depending on the size of company and the project involved.
Many universities run internship programmes in ICT and Engineering, and there are international
equivalents such as IAESTE74 run by the British Council and AIESEC75 that facilitate internships in the
UK for overseas students. There are many intern agencies to assist companies that are trying to find
the right ICT and Engineering skills such as Enternships76 and Work in Start-ups77, and initiatives such
as Silicon Milkroundabout78 which is an employment fair organised by the SME community in Tech
City to assist other companies to recruit developers and analysts. Other schemes such as the EU
Marie Curie79 and Erasmus80 programmes also facilitate the mobility of technical skills across Europe.
The UK Government runs an extensive apprenticeship programme which assists companies to find
individuals that can be trained in-house, where a significant part of the cost is met by the
programme81. The scheme focuses on young people (16-25 years), but there is a higher level digital
apprenticeship scheme targeted on developing digital skills for the ICT sector82.
UK Clusters
Docklands, London
Close to the heart of the financial services industry, Docklands offers businesses a degree of latency
so minimal that it remains the ideal location for many fibre carriers and telecommunications
companies to operate their IT infrastructure. It is therefore a popular choice for business colocation.
Tech City, London
Located in and around Shoreditch in East London Tech City is home to more than 1,500 technology,
digital and creative companies. Tech City offers opportunities for innovative businesses of all sizes,
from start-ups to multinationals, from all over the world. A number of data centre operators have
established facilities in this area which has very low latency and close proximity to London’s financial
markets and creative industries
Thames Valley
Just to the west of London and close to Heathrow airport this region has the highest concentration
of data centres in Europe. There is a dense fibre network linking the UK and USA via multiple fibre
suppliers providing low latency and plenty of room for expansion. Global data centre operator
Equinix, recently announced the construction of its 6th data centre at its Slough campus in response
to consistent demand from customers in the financial services, content, cloud and enterprise
segments83. The Thames Valley boasts the headquarter operations of many multinationals including
Oracle, Microsoft, Dell, Computer Associates and Vodafone.
Manchester
The city has a strong creative and digital ecosystem underpinned by the presence of global
broadcasters and content creators. International healthcare companies offer opportunities around
medical technologies, telemedicine and eHealth. With a superfast telecoms infrastructure the region
has attracted may international investors: IBM, Microsoft, Oracle, Cisco, Fujitsu, CGI, BT and
Sunguard have all invested in Manchester. One of the biggest concentrations of computing talent in
Europe can be found around Manchester’s universities. More than 5,000 computing graduates each
year are fuelling the growth of the ICT sector, and includes 50,000 IT workers in the city and a
further 50,000 in the wider region. Substantial areas exist with the potential to house new designand-build centres, with modern fibre networks and legacy power supplies that can accommodate
Data centre requirements.
Leeds (Yorkshire)
A major internet exchange is located at Leeds and the surrounding region of Yorkshire is home to
many data centres. There is a strong talent pool in this region and the University of Leeds is a global
leader in data centre engineering. Leeds is also the UK's main financial and business services centre
outside London which drives the need for data centre infrastructure. Companies that have located
their European shared service centres here include Aetec, Scientific Games, General Electric, IBM,
British Waterways and the NHS.
Wales
Europe’s largest data centre is located in Newport in South Wales, operated by Next Generation
Data. There are nearly 3,000 ICT operations in Wales – among them Fujitsu Services, BT, Mitel,
Logica, Cassidian, General Dynamics UK, SAIC, Sony UK, Logica and IBM, contributing around £1bn to
the Welsh economy annually. The Welsh Government is seeking to ensure that 96% of all premises
in Wales will have access to Next Generation Broadband by 2016, with many premises able to access
speeds of over 100mbps.
Scotland
Many companies have chosen to set-up their data centres in Scotland including JP Morgan, HP and
IBM. Scotland provides affordable energy and with an average temperature 2°C lower than mainland
Europe, the cooling and operational running costs are much lower than many other regions.
Edinburgh University is home to the largest Informatics Department in Europe and has a centre of
excellence in data science.
UK Market Success
NTT Communications84
In September 2013 Gyron Internet Limited (an NTT Com group company) announced the
construction of a new 30MW data centre at Hemel Hempstead, which will be known as “The
Campus”, to meet the growing demand for scalable and reliable colocation services. Located at a 9.5
acre (38,500m2) site near two existing Gyron data centres in Hemel Hempstead, northwest of
London, the new facility will start providing approximately 10,000m2 of server room from spring
2015, expanding NTT Com’s total server room area in the UK by 2.5 times.
By using advanced green technology for cooling, such as end wall injection air conditioning, waterside economization, and chimney racks to expel heat, the facility achieves a power usage
effectiveness (PUE) of under 1.2, putting it among the most energy efficient data centres in the UK. It
will also be the first large scale commercial colocation data centre in the UK to offer the option of a
chillerless cooling system, which opens up approximately 30% more energy capacity for ICT systems
without expanding its power system and without introducing outside air in to the server room. The
facility further reduces NTT Com’s environmental load by using rain water in the air conditioning,
generating electricity from solar panels, and using heat from the server equipment to warm office
areas in the winter.
The high-speed, high-quality networks connecting the new facility with other NTT Com data centres
will enable the low-cost, low-latency access necessary to effectively provide a hybrid cloud
environment that combines on-premise systems, colocation and NTT Com’s Enterprise Cloud to
better meet varied customer demand and optimize ICT systems. In addition, the high-speed
connections between Gyron’s three Hemel Hempstead data centres and two Slough data centres
will allow them to operate essentially as one data centre, making it fast and easy to provide more
server equipment and virtual servers for customers expanding their business.
Salesforce85
In 2013 Salesforce announced it had signed an agreement with NTT Europe, a wholly owned
subsidiary of NTT Communications, to establish a European data centre in the UK. Scheduled for
completion in 2014, the new data centre will be salesforce.com’s sixth worldwide and will support
the company’s cloud computing services across its growing customer base in Europe, Middle East
and Africa.
“Europe was salesforce.com’s fastest growing region in our fiscal year 2013, delivering constant
currency revenue growth of 38%,” said Marc Benioff, Chairman and CEO, salesforce.com. “We are
doubling down on Europe with the announcement of our new data centre in the UK, which will
support continued customer success in EMEA.”
“We welcome the decision by salesforce.com to locate its European data centre in the UK. This
significant development further endorses the U.K. as one of the world's greatest technology centres,”
said Stephen Kelly, Chief Operating Officer for Government. “The UK is in a strong position to
support fast-growing international companies such as salesforce.com in delivering innovative social,
mobile and cloud services to customers here and globally.”
“NTT Europe is proud to extend its partnership with salesforce.com by supporting its enterprise cloud
computing services in EMEA,” said Robin Balen, Managing Director of NTT Europe's Wholesale Data
Centre Business. “Powered 100% by renewable energy sources, salesforce.com’s data centre in the
UK will deliver an environmentally friendly and highly resilient facility for its customers in the region.”
KDDI Telehouse86
Telehouse has recently opened a new 1000m2 colocation floor of its flagship London Data Centre:
Telehouse West. It had pre-sold over 1,300m2 to a number of well-known multinationals within the
telecommunications and media industry when it first opened in 2010. The success of the Telehouse
West project has seen accelerated sales bring forward future plans by three years. Telehouse has
taken a phased approach to selling its five floors of customer space, opening a new floor on average
every 18 months. Telehouse West offers power capacity between 2 to 10kW per rack over shared,
dedicated, cold aisle containment and high-density hosting areas. Since opening the 5,000m2
colocation facility Telehouse, led by its parent company KDDI Corporation, has expanded its
footprint in Europe and its local services to support clients in managing their data centre through
newly improved migration, system integration and hardware solutions.
Michelle Reid, Sales and Marketing Director, commented “Telehouse West has been our most
interesting project to date. It represents a dramatic change in our customer profile since the
beginning of Telehouse North 24 years ago. From dealing with traditional European ISPs and carriers
to global cloud and social media companies reflective of today’s internet. As the pioneering
colocation provider we have managed to remodel our product strategy to serve a highly diverse,
network-rich customer base.”
KDDI is to invest a further £135m into Telehouse’s London Docklands data centre campus: North
Two has been created with the New Internet in mind. It will house mission-critical infrastructure,
which will enable the development of hybrid services for customers.
IBM87
SoftLayer, an IBM Company, recently announced the opening of a new data centre in London. It will
be the latest of 15 new data centres that IBM plans to open as part of a $1.2bn global investment to
strengthen and extend its cloud services in Europe and around the world. The new facility will provide
customers and their end users with SoftLayer services that meet in-country data residency
requirements. It will also complement the existing SoftLayer Amsterdam data centre and London
network Point of Presence (PoP), both launched in 2012, to provide European customers redundancy
options within the region.
“We already have a large customer base in London and the region; we’re excited to give those
customers a full SoftLayer data center right in their backyard, with all the privacy, security, and
control the SoftLayer platform offers,” said Lance Crosby, SoftLayer CEO. “The work these businesses
are doing—the solutions and services that they are building in the cloud—are inspiring.
Organizations of all sizes are using SoftLayer services to disrupt their industries or even their own
operations, creating new business models and applications.”
SoftLayer services will provide solutions ideal for businesses based in London and surrounding areas.
The region is a key cloud market, with customers using cloud to deploy web-centric workloads or to
transform their existing operations. One third of the world’s largest companies are headquartered in
London and a majority of the world’s largest financial institutions have operations there.
Additionally, London has one of the world’s largest communities for technology startups, incubators,
and entrepreneurs. The London data centre will have capacity for more than 15,000 physical servers
and will offer the full range of SoftLayer cloud infrastructure services, including bare metal servers,
virtual servers, storage and networking. It will seamlessly integrate via the company’s leading private
network with all SoftLayer data centers and network PoPs around the world.
Rackspace88
In 2014, Digital Realty Trust, a leading global provider of data centre and colocation solutions, and
Rackspace were awarded Special Recognition for Outstanding Green Data Centre Credentials at the
7th Annual Global Data Centre and Cloud Awards. The bespoke, 12,000m2 data centre, located in
Crawley, West Sussex, was designed in close collaboration between Digital Realty and Rackspace to
meet the specific needs of Rackspace customers, encompassing energy consumption, availability and
other design requirements. The data centre facility makes use of innovative 'indirect outside air'
cooling technology, without mechanical cooling. Delivering outstanding Power Usage Effectiveness
(PUE) and a design BREEAM Certified Excellent, the energy required to operate the data centre is
expected to be reduced by 80%, setting a new benchmark for ‘green’ data centres in Europe. In
addition, the design of the new data centre will be compatible with the Open Compute design
framework changing the game in data centre operations.
“We are very proud to be involved in building one of the greenest data centres in Europe and
delighted to be honoured with this special recognition,” said Gary Boyd, Senior Director, Data Centre
Project Engineering at Rackspace. “Working closely with Digital Realty, we were able to factor in
everything from minimising landfill and environmental impact during construction to using more
efficient LED lighting and rainwater harvesting - all while delivering an exceptional data centre
facility that meets the accessibility, availability and data management needs of our customers.”
“We are pleased to be recognised for our commitment to sustainable building practices and energy
efficiency for this important project for Rackspace,” said Bernard Geoghegan, Managing Director,
EMEA, for Digital Realty. “By collaborating with Rackspace, we were able to design and build a
credentialed, next generation, ultra-efficient data centre while enabling our client to deliver cost
effective cloud services to its customers across Europe.”
The Data Centre and Cloud awards celebrate the technical and commercial success of the data
centre and cloud industry in Europe.
Interxion89
In 2014 Interxion as named as Colocation Provider of the Year at the Data Centre and Cloud awards
reflecting its communities focused approach, commitment to neutrality, and pledge to using
sustainable energy sources. Interxion’s London carrier- and cloud-neutral data centres provide the
latest highly secure, scalable infrastructure for mission-critical IT systems, with a wide range of
connectivity solutions, within 6,700m2 of maximum equipable space. The data centres offers
communities of interest for companies across the cloud, digital media and finance sectors.
Interxion’s headquarters are located in the Netherlands.
TelecityGroup/Amazon Web Services (AWS)90
Amazon Web Services (AWS) and TelecityGroup have partnered to bring new and existing customers
a more secure, reliable and cost effective way of connecting to AWS innovative cloud services via
AWS Direct Connect, a private direct fibre optic connection between Amazon Web Services and a
TelecityGroup data centre or corporate network. This gives low-latency cost-efficient connections
into AWS via the choice of over 400 carriers connected to the TelecityGroup’s network.
TelecityGroup has 7 data centres in London the majority of which are in Docklands.
NGD/Wipro91
Wipro Technologies chose NGD to host its cloud infrastructure for UK-based clients rather than
looking overseas. Operating 12 data centres globally Wipro Technologies has recently expanded its
UK data centre capacity by opening a private facility at NGD Europe, near Newport, Wales.
This 70,000m2 mega data was built and is operated by Next Generation Data (NGD). A key driver for
Wipro’s move to NGD in mid-2013 was the urgent need to service the rapidly expanding data
processing, storage and private cloud computing requirements for several of its EMEA-based
customers. These include Npower and Northern Gas as well as various financial services
organisations.
A key driver for the move to NGD was the need for more power and scalability as a consequence of
the growing requirement for virtualisation. While virtualisation was allowing the flexibility to change
environments as a customer required and in relatively short time spans, Wipro recognised the
provisioning of highly virtualised environments required access to much larger and totally reliable
power sources. Wipro saw how virtualisation required much denser IT environments and therefore
more power draw per rack which, in turn, would be magnified enormously by the growing demand
from customers looking to consolidate multiple data centre environments.
“We had looked at building our own data centre in the UK for a number of years,” explained Roy
White, Data Centre Tower Lead, Wipro Technologies EMEA, “but through investigations we came
across the opportunity to be inside NGD, which has given us a different class of facility than we could
have built.”
Santander92
This Leicestershire £200m project was >8 months late so probably should not be included – not clear
that it has opened yet.
HP93
An innovative 28,000m2 data centre has been established in Wynyard, near Newcastle in the North
East of England, designed and managed by HP. Built with energy efficiency as a primary
consideration, the Wynyard data centre takes advantage of the climate in Northern England to cool
IT equipment, allowing the facility to go without air conditioning most of the year. Other design
innovations and efficient HP technologies help save even more energy and resources. For example,
the facility collects rain from the data centre rooftop and uses it for the humidification process,
while the white-painted walls and server racks reduce the need for lighting. As a result, the Wynyard
data centre is expected to reduce energy consumption by 40% versus comparable data centres of its
size; each of its four server halls boasts a power utilisation efficiency (PUE) of 1.16. A breath of fresh
The data centre also uses 100% wind-sourced energy, helping reduce its carbon footprint. Wynyard
was selected as a winner of a prestigious 2010 Green Enterprise IT Award, presented by the Uptime
Institute, and it received a 2011 International Green Award for Best Green Energy Efficiency
Initiative.
Wynyard is the only HP datacentre to use fresh air cooling. Maurice Julian, facilities project director
at HP, says the North-East was a perfect location for this type of cooling system, due to the cooler
climate compared with the South. "We took a 100-year weather report for the region. It is an ideal
climate for a cool air solution."
Along with the cooler climate requirements, HP looked at a number of other criteria when choosing
the location for the datacentre. "We looked at flood risk, air traffic routes, proximity to roads, ground
contamination, seismic risks, terrorism and military installations." Wynyard is linked to another HP
data centre, 16 miles away in Sunderland, using two diverse dark fibre routes, to provide resilience
in the event that the centre goes offline.
Contact Information
to be added as in other ICT propositions
1
IBM, What is big data? http://www-03.ibm.com/software/products/en/category/bigdata
Calculation based on IBM figures and 64GB iPad http://www03.ibm.com/software/products/gb/en/category/SWP10
3
Ericsson, More than 50 billion connected devices, 2011 http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/whitepapers/wp50-billions.pdf
4
For example, Marketing Week, Why we believe that data is the new oil
http://www.marketingweek.co.uk/why-we-believe-that-data-is-the-new-oil/3032560.article
5
Information Economy Strategy. BIS, 2013
2
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/206944/13-901information-economy-strategy.pdf
6
Intellect UK, Data centres and power: Fact or fiction, 2013 http://www.intellectuk.org/programmes/energyand-environment/9384-data-centres
7
http://govstore.service.gov.uk/cloudstore
8
https://www.gov.uk/performance/g-cloud
9
Frost and Sullivan, “Big Data: The 9 Dimensional Dossier on Revolutionizing Data Management”, 2012
10
https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/eight-great-technologies
11
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/73-million-to-improve-access-to-data-and-drive-innovation
12
Nesta, “Rise of the Datavores: how UK businesses can benefit from their data”, 2012
13
http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2684915
14
https://www.gartner.com/doc/2672920
15
http://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/49910023.pdf
16
http://www.information-age.com/technology/data-centre-and-itinfrastructure/123458235/smart-cities-can-data-centre-cope#sthash.NEwDmhzm.dpuf
17
“The Smart City Market Opportunities for the UK”, BIS, 2013
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/249423/bis-13-1217-smartcity-market-opportunties-uk.pdf
18
https://www.gov.uk/government/news/multi-million-pound-future-cities-catapult-to-be-hosted-in-london
19
https://futurecities.catapult.org.uk/about-us
20
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/aug/23/spending-on-data-centres-reaches-150-billion-dollars
21
2013-2014 Census Report, Western Europe Data Center Trends, Data Center Dynamics, 2013
22
http://www.ukfast.co.uk/power-usage-effectiveness.html
26
2013-2014 Census Report, Western Europe Data Center Trends, Data Center Dynamics, 2013; note all data
refers to UK and Ireland; Ireland represents only 11-12% of these totals for racks, white space and power and
does not affect the overall classification order
27
2013-2014 Census Reports, Asia & North America Data Center Trends, Data Center Dynamics, 2013
28
http://www.amaresearch.co.uk/data_centre_construction_14.html
29
http://www.racplus.com/news/efficiency-drives-data-centre-growth/8660695.article
30
2013-2014 Census Report, Western Europe Data Center Trends, Data Center Dynamics, 2013
31
http://www.cushmanwakefield.com/~/media/global-reports/data-centre-risk-index-2013.pdf
32
2013-2014 Census Report, Western Europe Data Center Trends, Data Center Dynamics, 2013
33
http://www.intellectuk.org/programmes/energy-and-environment/9384-data-centres
34
Powering the Data Centre, Data Center Dynamics, 2013
35
http://www.submarinecablemap.com
36
http://www.hibernianetworks.com/project-kelvin
37
http://www.sdi.co.uk/~/media/SDI/Files/documents/ict-and-electronictechnologies/SDI%20connectivity%20map%20A4%20CMYK
38
http://www.superfast-cymru.com/home
39
http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/static/GSHAP/eu-af-me
40
http://www.dataguidance.com/dataguidance_data_privacy_index.asp
41
http://www.data-central.org/?page=Certifications
42
http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/white-papers/2011/11/dcd-global-census-uk-market-report
43
http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/news/government-data-centres-green-autumn-statement-133582;
https://www.techuk.org/insights/news/item/1794-data-centre-cca-comes-into-force
44
http://www.cclevy.com
45
https://etl.decc.gov.uk/etl/site.html
46
https://www.innovateuk.org/our-tools-a-z
47
https://www.innovateuk.org/competition-display-page/-/asset_publisher/RqEt2AKmEBhi/content/dataexploration-creating-new-insight-and-value?p_p_auth=wZfdmb90
48
https://www.innovateuk.org/documents/1524978/2138994/Delivery+Plan+-+Financ%20ial+year+201314/c435471d-222c-4e63-8269-d0f4b2b61c2f;
https://www.innovateuk.org/documents/1524978/1866952/Scaling%20up%20energyefficient%20computing%20-%20Competition%20brief
49
http://www.epsrc.ac.uk
50
http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/news/2014/cdt
51
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/statistics/oxwasp
http://www.uel.ac.uk/research/news/pedca_award; http://data-central.site-ym.com/page/micrositehome
53
http://www.prime-project.org/about
54
http://www.energy.leeds.ac.uk/research-sectors/smart-grids/data-centre-engineering
55
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/case-studies/researching-life-cycle-assessment-data-centres
52
56
http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/super-fast-and-super-green-cambridge-unveils-pioneeringhigh-performance-computer; “Flops” (floating point operations per second) are a standard measure
of computing performance.
57
http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.data-central.org/resource/collection/5DCCADC9-5813-4BE5-A92795BEDADC4EC5/GVA_Connect_Datasource_-_February_2014.pdf
58
http://hightech.lbl.gov
59
http://www.theodi.org
60
http://www.theodi.org/start-up
61
http://www.stfc.ac.uk/hartree/default.aspx
62
http://www.datacentrealliance.org
63
http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Combining-DCIM-and-BIM-tools-for-effective-datacentremanagement
64
http://www.datacenterdynamics.com
65
http://www.techuk.org/insights/reports/item/272-data-centre-programme-overview
66
http://dcsg.bcs.org
67
http://www.thegreengrid.org
68
http://www.esta.org.uk
69
http://cloudindustryforum.org
70
http://www.kable.co.uk/about-us/index.html
71
http://www.datacentermap.com/united-kingdom; http://datacentersuk.com; http://www.colofinder.co.uk;
http://www.cbre.co.uk/uk-en/services/global_corporate_services/data_centres_networks
72
2013-2014 Census Report, Western Europe Data Center Trends, Data Center Dynamics, 2013
73
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/index.htm
74
http://www.iaeste.org
75
http://www.aiesec.co.uk
76
http://www.enternships.com
77
http://workinstartups.com
78
http://siliconmilkroundabout.com
79
http://ec.europa.eu/research/mariecurieactions
80
http://www.erasmusprogramme.com
81
http://www.apprenticeships.org.uk
82
http://www.digital-apprentice.co.uk
83
http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.data-central.org/resource/collection/5DCCADC9-5813-4BE5-A92795BEDADC4EC5/GVA_Connect_Datasource_-_February_2014.pdf
84
http://www1.uk.gyron.net/gyron-announces-new-30mw-campus-datacentre-in-hemel-hempstead
85
http://www.salesforce.com/uk/company/news-press/press-releases/2013/05/130501-2.jsp
86
http://www.telehouse.net/about-us/newsroom/telehouse-opens-new-1000sqm-colocation-floor-of-it
87
http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/44262.wss
88
http://www.rackspace.co.uk/press-releases/new-rackspace-data-centre
89
http://www.interxion.com/blog/interxion-wins-colocation-provider-of-the-year
90
http://www.telecitygroup.com/colocation-services/amazon-web-services.htm;
http://www.telecitygroup.com/data-centres/colocation-data-centre-london-uk.htm
91
http://www.nextgenerationdata.co.uk/about.html#/about/7;
http://www.nextgenerationdata.co.uk/casestudies/NGD_WIPRO_case_study.pdf
92
http://www.isgplc.com/datacenters/projects/default.asp;
http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/focus/archive/2013/04/santander%E2%80%99s-uk-data-center%E2%80%98eight-months-behind-schedule%E2%80%99
93
http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Fresh-air-cooling-makes-HP-datacentre-super-efficient;
http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-information/environment/wynyard-data-center.html