World Cities 2
Homework from Friday:
1. When did world cities emerge and why?
2. Look at your notes, Name at major world cities at the top of the global hierarchy.
3. What is meant by Cultural Authority in world cities.
4. What is meant by economic Authority in World Cities?
5. What are TNC’s & why do they generally locate in World Cities?
6. What features of modern global networks foster the growth of World Cities?
7. Where does Sydney fit in the hierarchy of world cities?
8. What is happening to small rural centres at the bottom of the hierarchy of
settlements?
From last lesson
9. Examine the results of urban growth in large Cities. (Page 115)
Process -------- Social & Spatial ---- Land use Change and expansion
response
Urbanisation
Urban Dynamics
Results
Consider the difference between the developed and developing world
10. Examine the role of Urbanisation in Cultural Change.
 Page 115 Look at the list of TNC’s
 What goods and/or services do they provide? Where are the head offices ?
In what other ways have Cultural changes taken place?
 What is culture? And list some elements of a culture.
 What is cultural homogenisation? How has Globalisation promoted it?
 What is cultural imperialism? How has globalistion promoted it?
 Note global trends in the arts, music, language, religion, etc.
 Glitteratti is a term that might be applied to the famous trend setters of a
society. Who are they and how do they influence global trends?
So how do Global cities attract cultural Authority?
 Facilities for the arts, education, libraries and information storage,
 Entertainment Venues, Sports Venues, centres of Legal authority,
 Media Concentrations, information nodes (internet,phone,satillite,etc.),
 Religious Centres, centres of cuisine, Focus of Society events, Fashion centres
Following on from Fridays lesson:
11. Discuss the impact of deregulation and liberalisation of global capital?
 TNC’s, decline of national financial influence, decline of communism
 global markets for capital, internationalisation of labour,
 separation of command-control –production-consumption.
 Telecommunications increases connectivity, Increase in mobility of capital,
 New Capital flows from resource rich countries,
 Increase in competition between financial centres ( page 116-120)
12. How does the importance of the stock market and headquarters of TNC’s
influence the importance of a global city as a command centre? (page 120)
13. Describe the changes in capital flows in the past 40 years.( Page 122)
 transfer of funds from Developed world to developing world,
 decline of old industrial centres, new industrial areas in the developing world
 command and control in developed world, production in developing world.
 Increased consumption in developing world.
14. How has this influenced world cities in developed and developing world?
 Rise of resource processing, manufacturing, and services in developing cities
 Decline in old world cities, this might be taken up by new services and
technology
15. What is meant by the term connectivity and how does it influence world cities?
 Measure of knowledge, information and direction of flow – service industries
 Information technology, focii of info. Centres, speed of info transfer, linguistic
elements,
 Look at list and Diagram on page 122
16. Copy the Figure 2.1.16 Explain in your own words what it means? (page 123)
 command and controlnational centresregional centres
17. Look at Figure 2.1.3 Rankings of Stock Exchanges. What does this tell us about
Global cities?
18. Look at Figure 2.1.4 Headquarter of TNC’s What does this tell us about Global
cities?
19. Describe Australia’s Network of Global Cities (page 124)
20. Summarise London as a Global City (Page 125-126)
Qu 9.
Results of Urban Growth on large cities
Urbanisation
Urban Dynamics
Results
Process -------- Social & Spatial ---- Land use Change and expansion
response
Social Responses of U.G.
Spatial Responses of U.G.
Socio-Economic Class
Rich
Top 5% of Pop’n
70% of wealth
Power, Authourity
Command and Control
Exclusive suburbs, Gated
Gated communities,
exurban settlements
land use leaders
of prime sites
Middle Class
Top 10% of Pop’n
Technologically enhanced
Aspirational, Upwardly Mobile
Gentrification, some
of the exclusive suburbs
better urban sprawl
white flight
Urban renewal
Lower Middle Class
Salarymen, 30% of population
Service Industry and Public Service
Deskilled as technology provides
Alternatives
Urban intensifcation,
Urban Sprawl
Urban decline
Working Class
Wage and Contract workers
40% of Pop’n
Deskilled, marginalised workers
Poor quality Urban Sprawl
Units & multifamily housing
Urban decay and
deurbanisation
Underclass
Unemployed, semi employed,
Welfare cases and undocumented
15% of Population
Unskilled marginalised population
Ghetto formation,
Ethnic Neighbourhoods
inner-mixed core areas
Urban decay