UNIT 4 LESSON 5 – EARTHQUAKE NOTES
(Notes come from the digital lesson and the book.)
1. Define.
Earthquake
Focus
Epicenter
Fault
2. Stress in Earth’s __________________________________ causes earthquakes.
3. The stress is greatest at ___________________________- __________________ ___________________________.
4. Review plate boundaries by filling in the chart below.
Tectonic plate
boundary
Motion
(arrows)
Stress
Fault that could occur
5. Define.
Deformation
Elastic rebound
Description of earthquake
6. Most earthquakes occur at or near _________________________ ______________ __________________________.
7. Some __________________- earthquakes can cause ____________________________ of dollars in property damage.
They cause _____________________ injury and loss of ____________________. Areas closest to the
_____________________________ experience the __________________________- damage.
8. Seismic waves are vibrations or shock waves that travel through the Earth carrying the energy released by the
earthquake. They move like ripples in a pond. The energy from the earthquake is greatest at the epicenter.
9. There are three categories of seismic waves: P waves, S waves, and L waves. An earthquake sends out two types of
waves from its focus: P waves and S waves. When these waves reach Earth’s surface at the epicenter, surface waves
develop. (The information in the table is not in the book or digital lesson.)
Primary waves (P)
Secondary waves (S)
Speed
(First or second
from the focus.)
Surface waves (L)
Do not travel
through the
Earth.
Motion
Effect on buildings
Can travel through
solids or liquids or
both.
9. Below are some of the effects of the seismic waves released by the earthquake. Describe
a. Shaking –
b. Loss of life/ injury –
Do not travel
through the
Earth. They are
produced on the
surface.
c. Secondary damages –
d. Tsunami –
Summary of Lesson
Earthquakes are often caused by plate interactions along fault lines, due to deformation
and elastic rebound. They also can be caused by volcanic activity.
A focus is the spot within Earth where an earthquake originates.
The epicenter is the place on the surface of Earth above the focus.
A Tsunami is a huge wave produced by an earthquake in the ocean.
There are 3 types of seismic wave; primary (P) waves, secondary (S)waves and surface
waves(L).