Chapter 8 Test Study Guide
1. Define the following terms:
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Earthquake
Focus
Epicenter
Fault
Moho
Aftershock
Seismograph
Surface wave
i)
j)
k)
l)
m)
n)
o)
p)
P wave
S wave
Liquefaction
Tsunami
Crust
Mantle
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
2. Earthquakes are produced by the rapid release of _________ energy stored in rock
subjected to great forces.
3. Do P waves travel faster than S waves? Explain.
4. The ___________ is the location on the surface directly above the focus.
5. In the table below, make an outline and list details in each of the two sections:
Body Waves
P Waves
S Waves
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
4.
4.
6. A travel time graph can be used to find the __________ of an earthquake.
7. Where do most earthquakes occur?
8. Finish the sentence: An Earthquakes magnitude is a measure of
the________________________________________________________________.
9. What is the most widely used measurement of earthquakes?
CPHS Physical Geology
Mr. G. Edelman
10. List the factors that are used to calculate the moment magnitude of an earthquake.
11. When does liquefaction occur?
12. Where do Tsunamis occur?
13. How do earthquakes cause landslides?
14. List the 5 main layers of the Earth and state where they are located.
15. The Earth’s core is made of an alloy of _________ and __________.
16. The ____________ is the Earth’s crust and upper mantle.
17. Why is the Earths core a solid?
18. The continental crust is mainly made of __________.
19. Define the elastic rebound hypothesis.
20. The movement that follows a major earthquake often produce smaller earthquakes called
_____________.
21. List the two types of measurements used to describe the size of an earthquake.
22. Most earthquakes occur when the ___________ forces on the fault surfaces are
overcome.
23. __________ are identified as either S waves or P waves.
24. _________ are not transmitted (pass through) gases or liquieds.
25. ________ often come before a major earthquake.
26. The root words seismos means ________ and graph means ______________.
27. An instrument that records earthquakes waves is a _________________.
28. The relatively soft, weak layer of rock below the lithosphere is the _______________.
29. Where loosely consolidated sediments are saturated with water, earth quakes can have a
process known as ______________.
30. A __________ is an area along a fault where there has not been any earthquake activity
for a long period of time.
31. Earth’s interior consists of 3 major zones defined by it’s chemical composition. These
zones are _________, ___________ and __________.
32. The thin outer layer of the Earth is called the ________.
33. Do 1-10 on page 243 and 1-8 on page 245
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CPHS Physical Geology
Mr. G. Edelman