What groups of methods for creation of anaerobic conditions for anaerobic bacteria cultivation
do you know?
A. mechanical
B. physical
C. chemical
D. biological
E. all answers are correct
ANSWER: E
It is necessary to verify the hemolytic properties of bacteria. What nutrient media will you
recommend?
A. simple MPA
B. simple MPB
C. Endo’s medium
D. blood MPA
E. serum MPA
ANSWER: D
Choose obligate aerobes among these microorganisms:
A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Clostridium tetani, Clostridium botulini
C. Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi
D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella melitensis
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Micrococcus spp.
ANSWER: E
Choose obligate anaerobes among these microbes:
A. Bacillus anthracis
B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
C. Bacteroides spp.
D. Rickettsia spp.
E. Corynebacterium spp.
ANSWER: C
Indicate among these microbes obligate anaerobic bacteria:
A. Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp.
B. Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides spp.
C. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi
D. Bacillus anthracis, Brucella abortus
E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae
ANSWER: B
To the universal nutrient media belong:
A. serum MPA and serum MPB.
B. Endo’s medium and Ploskirev’s medium
C. MPA and MPB
D. Blood MPA and TCBS medium
E. Yolk salt agar and ascitic agar
ANSWER: C
Such groups of bacteria are existed according to their respiration:
A. capneic
B. microaerophils
C. anaerobes
D. aerobes
E. all of them
ANSWER: E
It is necessary to make biochemical identification and examine saccharolytic properties of
bacteria. What media could you offer?
A. Veynberg’s medium
B. Zeisscler’s medium
C. Giss’ media
D. Kitt-Tarozzi’s medium
E. Milk
ANSWER: C
Biological identification is carrying out by:
A. allergic tests
B. inoculation of laboratory animals
C. agglutination test
D. biochemical reactions
E. cultivation on species
ANSWER: B
Biochemical identification is examination of bacterial species according to their:
A. enzymes
B. toxins
C. allergens
D. plasmids
E. antigens
ANSWER: A
For obtaining the isolated colonies of aerobic bacteria tested material is inoculated:
A. on solid nutrient media
B. in liquid nutrient media
C. in laboratory animals
D. in chicken embryo
E. in cell cultures
ANSWER: A
Why is it necessary to identify the pure cultures of bacteria?
A. for prescribing the treatment
B. for revealing the etiological factor illness
C. for prophylaxis
D. for examination of phages susceptibility
E. for examination of antibiotics susceptibility
ANSWER: B
For what purpose does microbiologist carry out identification of pure cultures?
A. For cognition
B. For treatment
C. For diagnostic
D. For prophylactic
E. For anamnesis
ANSWER: C
Cultural properties – there are:
A. character of bacterial staining
B. character of growth of bacteria on/in nutrient medium
C. character of biological features of bacteria
D. all answers are correct
E. all answers are wrong
ANSWER: B
Morphological identification is examination of bacterial species according to:
A. character of colonies
B. morphological signs
C. character of staining
D. character of motility
E. biochemical properties
ANSWER: B
Serological identification is examination of bacterial species by:
A. Bacteria staining
B. agglutinating sera
C. laboratory animals
D. biochemical signs
E. character of growth on/in nutrient media
ANSWER: B
In the process of pure culture identification the most value has:
A. Morphological identification
B. Biological identification
C. Biochemical identification
D. Serological
E. All answer are correct
ANSWER: E
For inoculation of microbes by streak’s technique we can use:
A. Bacteriological loop
B. Spatula
C. Bacteriological needle
D. All answers are wrong
E. All answers are correct
ANSWER: A
Which of the following vaccines are prepared from live microbes?
A. Cholera and dysentery vaccines.
B. Measles and Solk polio vaccines.
C. Influenza and diphtheria vaccines.
D. All of the above.
E. BCG and oral polio vaccines
ANSWER: E
Which of the following vaccine is attenuated?
A. Dysentery vaccines.
B. Cholera vaccines
C. Diphtheria vaccines.
D. Solk polio vaccines.
E. BCG
ANSWER: E
Which of the following molecules would be the best antigens?
A. lipids
B. DNA
C. fatty acids
D. sugars
E. proteins
ANSWER: E
Which of the following substances are antigens?
A. DNA
B. carbohydrates.
C. lipids
D. sugars
E. proteins
ANSWER: E
Which part of the antibody molecule reacts with the antigenic determinants of the antigen?
A. H chains
B. L chains
C. constant parts of the H and L chains
D. hinge
E. variable parts of the H and L chains
ANSWER: E
Which part of the immunoglobulin binds with the antigen?
A. Fc fragment
B. H chains
C. L chains
D. constant parts of the H and L chains
E. variable parts of the H and L chains
ANSWER: E
Which part of the antibody can binds antigenic determinants of the antigen?
A. H chains
B. Hinge
C. Fc fragment
D. L chains
E. Fab fragments
ANSWER: E
Which of the following classes of immunoglobulins can cross the placenta?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgM
E. IgG
ANSWER: E
What classes of immunoglobilins contain J chain?
A. IgG and IgE
B. IgA and IgG
C. IgG and IgM
D. IgM and IgE
E. IgM and IgA
ANSWER: E
Which of the following classes of antibodies does newborn obtain from mother?
A. IgA
B. IgD
C. IgE
D. IgM
E. IgG
ANSWER: E
Plasma cells are:
A. mature T cells
B. immature macrophages
C. mature macrophages
D. immature T cells
E. antibody-producing cells
ANSWER: E
Choose among the listed immunoglobulins that contain SP component:
A. IgA
B. IgM
C. IgG1
D. IgE
E. SIgA
ANSWER: E
Choose antibody production cells:
A. T cells
B. B cells
C. T helpers
D. Macrophages
E. Plasma cells
ANSWER: E
A toxoid is a(n):
A. type of antibody that combines with a toxin
B. type of enzyme that destroys toxins
C. type of bacterium that resists phagocytosis
D. type of virus
E. inactivated toxin
ANSWER: E
For prevent diseases caused by bacterial toxins it necessary uses:
A. specific antibodies,
B. type of enzyme that destroys toxins
C. IgM
D. Bacteriophages
E. toxoids
ANSWER: E
Which of the following are antigen presenting cells?
A. NK cells and mast cels
B. Th and Tk
C. Plasma cells
D. Cytotoxic cells and nurse cells
E. Macrophages and B cells
ANSWER: E
Which category of hypersensitivity BEST describes hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by
Rh incompatibility?
A. Atopic or anaphylactic
B. Autoimmune
C. Delayed
D. Immune complex
E. Cytotoxic
ANSWER: E
The role of the macrophage during an antibody response is to:
A. make antibody
B. lyse virus-infected target cells
C. activate cytotoxic T cells.
D. produce interleukins
E. process antigen and present it
ANSWER: E
AIDS is caused by a human retrovirus that kills:
A. B lymphocytes
B. lymphocyte stem cells
C. CD8-positive T lymphocytes
D. NK cells
E. CD4-positive T lymphocytes
ANSWER: E
Choose secondary immunodeficiency:
A. DiGeorge's syndrome
B. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
C. Ataxia-telangiectasia
D. Chronic granulomatous disease
E. AIDS
ANSWER: E
A 40X objective and an 10X ocular produce a total magnification of
A. 4
B. 50
C. 90
D. 120
E. 400
ANSWER: E
Which of the following statements is most correct about the differential Gram stain?
A. Crystal violet differentially stains Gram positive cells.
B. Gram's iodine differentially stains Gram positive cells.
C. Etanol differentially destains Gram negative cells.
D. Saffron red differentially stains Gram negative cells.
E. Etanol fixes Gram negative cells
ANSWER: C
Some bacteria are considered pleomorphic.This means:
A. they are shaped like bent rods.
B. they have a corkscrew shape.
C. they do not have just one shape.
D. they are not either bacilli or cocci.
E. they are not either vibrio or spirochete
ANSWER: C
The original distinction between the two types of cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, was made on
the basis of the
A. structure of the cell wall
B. absence or presence of mitochondria.
C. absence or presence of a nuclear membrane.
D. absence or presence of ribosomes
E. structure of the cell membrane.
ANSWER: C
What is the function of an illuminator?
A. To control the temperature of the specimen
B. To keep the specimen moist
C. An illuminator is the light source used to observe a specimen under a microscope
D. To keep the specimen dry
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: C
Which of the following structures is unique to prokaryotic organisms?
A. mitochondria
B. ribosomes
C. cell wall
D. peptidoglycan cell wall
E. cell membrane
ANSWER: D
Cell wall of gram-positive bacteria consist of:
A. thin monolayer peptidiglycan
B. lipoproteins
C. polilayer peptidiglican
D. lipopolysaccharides
E. outer membrane
ANSWER: C
What is a smear?
A. A smear is a preparation process in which a specimen is spread on a slide.
B. A smear is a preparation process in which a specimen is dyed.
C. A smear is a process in which a specimen is moved beneath a microscope.
D. A smear is a process used to identify a specimen.
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: A
Living, unstained cells and organisms can be observed best using
A. fluorescent microscopy
B. transmission electron microscopy
C. phase contrast microscopy
D. Scan. Electron microscopy
E. light microscopy
ANSWER: C
What does Kingdom Prokaryotae include:
A. bacteria.
B. protozoa.
C. fungi.
D. viruses
E. all of the above.
ANSWER: A
The most commonly encountered bacteria are roughly spherical. The microbiological term
describing this shape is
A. coccus
B. bacillus
C. pleomorphic
D. vibrio
E. spirochete
ANSWER: A
Among these bacteria gram-positives there are all, EXCEPT FOR :
A. Staphylococci
B. Meningococci
C. Streptococci
D. Clostridium botulini
E. Bacillus anthracis
ANSWER: B
What is a compound microscope?
A. A microscope that has one lenses.
B. A microscope that has two sets of lenses: an ocular lens and an eye-piece.
C. A microscope whose lenses are concave.
D. A microscope whose lenses are convex.
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: B
Gram positive cells
A. have thick, homogeneous cell walls.
B. have large amounts of teichoic acids.
C. do not have an outer membrane.
D. do not have LPS
E. all of the above are true.
ANSWER: E
At staining by Gram’s method after flood slide with the iodine solution preparation is treated by:
A. Fuchsine
B. Washing with water
C. Crystal violet
D. Alcohol
E. Sulphuric acid
ANSWER: D
Spherical bacteria arranged in a chain are known as
A. spirochetes
B. bacilli
C. staphylococci.
D. streptobacilli
E. streptococci
ANSWER: E
What is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic organisms?
A. the presence of a cell membrane
B. the presence of a nuclear membrane
C. "naked" DNA molecule
D. the presence of cytoplasm
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: B
The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is composed primarily of
A. chitin.
B. cellulose,
C. starch.
D. protein.
E. peptidoglycan.
ANSWER: E
What shape is not peculiar for bacteria:
A. round or oval
B. rod or stick
C. icosaedral
D. spiral
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: C
What bacteria have the spiral form:
A. staphylococcus
B. streptococcus
C. spirillum
D. bacillus
E. sarcina
ANSWER: C
What is a pathogenic microorganism?
A. A microorganism that multiplies
B. A microorganism that grows in a host
C. A microorganism that is small
D. A disease-causing microorganism
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: D
Another common bacterial shape is that of a rod, often called
A. coccus
B. bacillus
C. pleomorphic
D. vibrio
E. spirochete
ANSWER: B
Cells that do not have a membrane separating their nuclear material from their cytoplasm are
called
A. heterozygous.
B. prokaryotic
C. homozygous.
D. eukaryotic.
E. viruses.
ANSWER: B
The form of coffee corn is had:
A. staphylococcus and streptococcus
B. pneumococcus and monococcus
C. meningococcus and gonococcus
D. peptococcus and peptostreptococcus
E. tetracoccus and sarcina
ANSWER: C
Which of the following bacteria is cell wall deficient?
A. Mycoplasma.
B. Treponema.
C. Slaphylococcus.
D. Klebsiella.
E. Salmonella
ANSWER: A
Typical drumstick appearance of bacilli is observed in:
A. Clostridium perfringens.
B. C. tetani.
C. С. botulinum.
D. C. histolyticum.
E. C. difficilae
ANSWER: C
Bacterial genus/genera of medical importance which produce endospores is/are:
A. Bacillus.
B. Bacterium.
C. Corynebacterium
D. Mycobacterium
E. Micrococcus
ANSWER: A
The construction and use of the compound microscope is attributed to:
A. Antony van Leeuwenhoek.
B. Louis Pasteur.
C. Robert Koch.
D. Ferdinand Cohn.
E. Paul Ehrlich.
ANSWER: A
The first techniques of sterilization were introduced by:
A. Louis Pasteur.
B. Robert Koch.
C. Ferdinand Cohn.
D. John Needham.
E. Gerhardt Domagk.
ANSWER: A
Who did discovere bacillus of tuberculosis?
A. Hansen.
B. Loeffler.
C. Robert Koch.
D. Bruce.
E. Pasteur
ANSWER: C
Who did coin the term vaccine?
A. Edward Jenner.
B. Kitasato.
C. Ehrlich.
D. Louis Pasteur,
E. Robert Koch.
ANSWER: D
Who did develop rabies vaccine for the first time in 1885?
A. Louis Pasteur.
B. Semple.
C. Edward Jenner
D. Paul Ehrlich.
E. Wasserman.
ANSWER: A
Morpholohgical classification of spherical bacteria:
A. monococci and diplococci
B. streptococci and staphylococci
C. tetracocci and sarcina
D. Correct all
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: D
Morphological classification of rod-shaped bacteria:
A. monobacilli and monobacteria
B. diplobacteria and diplobacilli
C. streptobacteria and streptobacilli
D. Correct all
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: D
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
A. Escherichia coli
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D. Yersinia pestis
E. None of above
ANSWER: B
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
A. Salmonella
B. Leptospira
C. Yersinia
D. Clostridia
E. Streptococcus
ANSWER: E
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
A. Bordetella
B. Treponema
C. Micrococcus
D. Vibrio
E. Shigella
ANSWER: C
What microbes do belong to coccal forms?
A. Neisseria
B. Borrelia
C. Corynebacteria
D. Proteus
E. Spirilla
ANSWER: A
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
A. Neisseria
B. Borrelia
C. Corynebacteria
D. Proteus
E. Spirilla
ANSWER: E
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
A. Bordetella
B. Treponema
C. Micrococcus
D. Sarcina
E. Shigella
ANSWER: B
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
A. Salmonella
B. Leptospira
C. Yersinia
D. Clostridia
E. Streptococcus
ANSWER: B
What microbes do belong to spiral forms?
A. Bordetella
B. Clostridia
C. Micrococcus
D. Vibrio
E. Shigella
ANSWER: D
Mark rod-shaped bacteria:
A. Vibrio
B. Treponema
C. Borrelia
D. Escherichia coli
E. Staphylococcus
ANSWER: D
Mark rod-shaped bacteria:
A. Sarcina
B. Spirilla
C. Mycobacterium
D. Streptococcus
E. Neisseria
ANSWER: C
Choose rod-shaped bacteria:
A. Clostridium
B. Meningococcus
C. Vibrio
D. Borrelia
E. Sarcina
ANSWER: A
Show diplococci:
A. Vibrio
B. Treponema
C. Neisseria
D. Borrelia
E. Clostridium
ANSWER: C
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
A. Escherichia coli
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Vibrio cholerae
E. Treponema palloidum
ANSWER: C
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
A. Streptococcus
B. Vibrio
C. Borrelia
D. Neisseria
E. Salmonella
ANSWER: A
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
A. Salmonella and Shigella
B. Micrococcus and Tetracoccus
C. Vibrio and Spirocheta
D. Borrelia and Leptospira
E. Neisseria and Treponema
ANSWER: B
Indicate gram-positive bacteria.
A. Neisseria and Treponema
B. Vibrio and Spirocheta
C. Borrelia and Leptospira
D. Salmonella and Shigella
E. Bacillus and Clostridium
ANSWER: E
Indicate gram-negative bacteria.
A. Neisseria and Treponema
B. Salmonella and Shigella
C. Vibrio and Spirocheta
D. Correct all
E. No correct answer
ANSWER: D
Indicate gram-negative bacteria.
A. Clostridium botulinum
B. Bacillus anthracis
C. Neisseria meningitidis
D. Micrococcus luteus
E. Staphylococcus epidermidis
ANSWER: C
Primary lymphoid organ/s are:
A. thymus
B. bursa of Fabricius.
C. bone marrow.
D. all of the above are correct
E. E all of the above are false
ANSWER: D
T-killer cells are important in controlling
A. virus infections
B. allergy
C. autoimmunity
D. antibodies synthesis
E. all of these
ANSWER: A
All of the following are organs of immune system, except:
A. GALT
B. spleen
C. lymph nodes
D. thyroid gland
E. tonsil gland
ANSWER: D
Why does lysozyme destroy bacteria cells?
A. because inhibits protein synthesis
B. because activates lysosome’s enzymes
C. because inhibits mRNA
D. because attacks of peptidoglycan
E. because stimulates proteolytic enzymes
ANSWER: D
Lysozyme:
A. aggregates bacteria
B. captures free iron
C. breaks down the bacterial cell wall
D. enhances phagocytosis
E. is antiviral
ANSWER: C
Stem cells arise from:
A. yolk sac.
B. foetal liver.
C. bone marrow.
D. all of the above.
E. all of the above are wrong
ANSWER: D
The classic complement pathway occurs when complement binds with:
A. antigen-antibody complex
B. factor B
C. antigen-IgA complexes
D. bacterial capsula
E. endotoxin
ANSWER: A
The most common type of circulating white cell is the:
A. neutrophil
B. lymphocyte
C. basophil
D. eosinophil
E. monocyte
ANSWER: A
Choose among the listed central organs of immune system:
A. GALT, spleen
B. thymus, bone marrow
C. lymph nodes, thymus
D. thyroid gland, tonsil gland
E. bone narrow, spleenbone narrow
ANSWER: B
Which of the following normal component of serum has antiviral activity?
A. complement
B. collagenase
C. interferon
D. lysozyme
E. lysosome
ANSWER: C
Choose a nonspecific chemical barrier to infection:
A. NK cells
B. unbroken skin
C. cilia in trachea
D. lysozyme in saliva
E. all of these
ANSWER: D
A. B cells are responsible for which allergies?
A. asthma
B. anaphylaxis
C. serum sickness
D. atopy
E. all of the above
ANSWER: E
What is toxoid?
A. type of antibody that combines with a toxin,
B. type of bacterium that resists phagocytosis.
C. type of enzyme that destroys toxins,
D. type of virus.
E. inactivated toxin.
ANSWER: E