Environmental Science Name: ______________________________
Energy
Goal: The student will compare the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuel use, and list three factors that influence predictions of fossil fuel production.
Vocabulary:
1.
Petroleum
2.
Oil reserves
Chapter 11.2: Fossil Fuels
Coal

Most of the world’s ____________fuel reserves are made up of ____________; Asia and North
America are rich in coal deposits

Two major ___________________________ of coal: relatively inexpensive and needs little refining after it is mined

More than_______________ of the electricity generated in the US comes from ____________________ fired power plants
Coal Mining and the Environment

____________________ effects of coal mining vary; underground mines can have ________________ effect on the environment; _____________________________ coal mining removes the top of an entire mountain to get to the coal

Waste ____________________ from coal mines is not properly contained, toxic chemicals can leach into nearby streams

Research focus: finding better methods of _____________________ the most productive, clean burning coal deposits and developing _______________ damaging methods of mining coal
Air Pollution

Quality of coal _______________; higher grade coals (bituminous coal) produce __________________ heat, less pollution than a _______________________ grade coal (lignite)

________________ (found in all grades of coal) can be a major source of pollution when coal is burned

____________________pollution and ______________ precipitation that result from burning high sulfur coal without adequate pollution controls are _______________ problems in countries like China

__________________ burning technology used in the US has dramatically reduced air pollution
Petroleum

Oil that is pumped from the _____________________ is also known as crude oil, or petroleum

Anything made from ________________ oil (fuels, chemicals, plastics) is called a petroleum product
 Much of world’s energy needs are _____by petroleum products; 45% of the world’s commercial energy
Locating Oil Deposits

Oil is found in and around major ________________________ features that tend to trap oil as it moves in the Earth’s crust: folds, faults, salt domes – all bound by ___________________________ layers of rock that prevent ___________ from escaping
 Most of the world’s oil ______________________ are found in the Middle East; there are also large deposits in the US, Venezuela, North Sea, Siberia and Nigeria

Geologists use many _________________________ methods to locate the rock formations that could contain oil, drill exploration wells to determine the volume and _________________________ of the oil deposit, determine if oil can be extracted at a profitable rate, drill the wells and then finally pump the oil.


Once it is _________________________________from the well, it is transported to a refinery to be converted into fuels and other petroleum products.
The Environmental Effect of Using Oil

When petroleum products are _________________________, they release pollutants; carbon dioxide released into the _______________ may contribute to global warming

Internal ____________________________ engines in vehicles burn gasoline, polluting the air; these pollutants contribute to the formation of __________________ and cause health problems

____________________ converters and emissions regulations have reduced air pollution in many areas

Developing countries – cars are generally older, release more sulfur into the atmosphere and thus contributes to acid precipitation

Oil ______________________ are another potential environmental problem; in recent years, new measures have been taken to prevent oil spills from _________________________; double hulls
(puncturing the outer hull does not allow the _____________________to leak out) and response times to clean up spills have improved.

Oil spills are dramatic however, more oil __________________________ comes from everyday sources, such as leaking cars

Measures to reduce everyday contaminations in our __________________________ is far behind that of the efforts made to prevent oil spills
Natural Gas

About _________% of the world’s nonrenewable energy comes from natural gas; aka methane (CH

Methane is a good example of how ______________________ in technology can make a fuel more
4
) common; used to be ______________________ off of an oil well, as technology improved, transporting natural gas in pipelines and storing it in compressed tanks became __________________ practical

Oil wells now _____________________ natural gas; burning it produces fewer pollutants than other fossil fuels, vehicles can run on natural gas requiring fewer ________________________ controls and
____________________________ power plants can also use natural gas.
Fossil Fuels and the Future

Today, ______________________ fuels supply about 90% of the energy used in developed countries
 By 2050, projections suggest the world’s energy demand will ________________________(increased populations and industry)

Increase in ________________________ for energy resources will more than likely increase the cost of fossil fuels; alternative fuel sources will become more ______________________________

Planning now for __________________________ energy needs is important because it takes many years for a new source of energy to make a significant contribution to our __________________ supply.
Predicting Oil Production

Oil production is still ____________________________, but much slower than in the past

Many different _______________________ must be considered when predicting oil production: oil reserves that can be extracted profitably at current prices; and __________________deposits yet to be discovered; also, changes in technology for future oil distractions

____________________________ of future oil productions are guided by the relative cost of obtaining fuels influences the amount of fossil fuels that we extract, ex: as ________________________ oil decreases, we may__________________ less on oil reserves and focus more on using it selectively

Cars and power plants can be powered using more_____________________________ energy sources
Future Oil Reserves

_______________________large oil reserves have been discovered in the past decade; geologist feel the

peak was in 2010

Additional oil reserves are under the _________________________ but extracting from there is much more ______________________________; currently, oil platforms can be built to drill for oil at depths greater than 1800 m, but much of the oil in the ocean is _________________________________

_______________________ocean reserves may be tapped in the future as oil drilling technology improves, however, it will be much ___________________ expensive
Lesson Reflection:
Use page 281 to complete the handout How a Coal-Fired Power Plant Works.
On the handout provided, list all the advantages and disadvantages of each fossil fuel discussed in today’s lesson.
Assessment:
1.
Describe how coal, oil and natural gas form, how these fuels are used and how using fuel affects the environment.
2.
List the three factors that influence predictions of fossil fuel production.
Lesson Extension (Technology/Application/Connection to Real World):
Skills Practice Lab : Your Household Energy Consumption
Students will identify the ways in which electricity is consumed in their households, compute the energy consumption of their household, and then interpret an electric utility bill and read and electric meter.