Name of the disease
COPD: emphysema
the alveoli of the lungs become damaged, causing them to enlarge and burst.
Cause of disease or disorder
The typical human population
that gets it (age, sex, race, etc.)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
the tissues necessary to support the physical shape and function of the lungs are destroyed.
Emphysema is most often caused by tobacco smoking and long-term exposure to air pollution.
Smokers
Shortness of breath, Rapid breathing, Chronic cough, Wheezing, Loss of appetite, barrel chest
The diagnosis is usually confirmed by pulmonary function testing (e.g. spirometry or body plethysmography); however,
X-ray radiography may aid in the diagnosis.
Emphysema is not typically diagnosed until there is 40 to 50 percent lung damage, which is stage 2 or 3 emphysema.
Prognosis
Cures or treatment
Prevention
Therefore, the prognosis of emphysema is not favorable. The average life expectancy for someone with emphysema is
five years. Your life expectancy drops to two years, however, if you don’t seek treatment and/or you do not quit
smoking
Currently, there are no drug treatments available that have proven successful in modifying the rate of decline in
lung function for those who have emphysema. There are, however, medications available to treat emphysema,
which can help to reduce or abolish symptoms: Smoking cessation drugs, bronchodilators, inhaled steroids,
antibiotics
Stop smoking and limit exposure to air pollution
Contagiousness
No
How did this disease disrupt
homeostasis
Emphysema deprives the body of a proper oxygen level. Therefore, homeostasis is thrown off.
Name of the disease
Cause of disease or disorder
The typical human population
that gets it (age, sex, race, etc.)
COPD: Chronic bronchitis
Tobacco smoking is the most common cause
a chronic inflammation of the bronchi (medium-size airways) in the lungs
In 2009, it was estimated that approximately 10 million Americans were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis by
a physician with rates highest in age 65 and over. American women were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis at twice the
rate as American men
Bronchitis may be indicated by a cough (also known as a productive cough, i.e. one that produces sputum), shortness of breath
Symptoms
(dyspnea) and wheezing. Occasionally chest pains, fever, and fatigue or malaise may also occur. Mucus is often green or yellowish
green and also may be orange or pink, depending on the pathogen causing the inflammation.
Diagnosis
A physical examination will often reveal diminished breath sounds, wheezing and prolonged exhalation. Most doctors
rely on the presence of a persistent dry or wet cough as evidence of bronchitis:
Pulmonary function test, a chest X-ray, Sputum sample, blood test
Prognosis
chronic bronchitis is a lung illness, which is more curable. The prognosis of chronic bronchitis is good only if you
use the trigger of the disease off.
Cures or treatment
Prevention
Contagiousness
How did this disease disrupt
homeostasis
Smoking cessation, antibiotics, bronchodilators
The majority of instances of chronic bronchitis can be prevented by not smoking and avoiding second-hand
smoke. Flu and pneumococcal vaccines can help prevent repeated infections that may lead to the disease
No
When your airways are inflamed and/or infected, less air is able to flow to and from the lungs and you cough up
heavy mucus
deprives the body of a proper oxygen level. Therefore, homeostasis is thrown off.
Name of the disease
Cause of disease or disorder
The typical human population
that gets it (age, sex, race, etc.)
Lung cancer
Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.
Secondhand smoke (breathing the smoke of others) increases your risk for lung cancer.
Lung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women
Lung cancer is more common in older adults. It is rare in people under age 45.
Symptoms
Chest pain, cough that doesn't go away, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, loss of appetite,
Diagnosis
lung cancer is found when an x-ray or CT scan is done
Prognosis
The overall prognosis for lung cancer is poor when compared with some other cancers. Survival rates for lung
cancer are generally lower than those for most cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate for lung cancer of
about 16% compared to 65% for colon cancer, 89% for breast cancer, and over 99% for prostate cancer.
Cures or treatment
Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and targeted treatments—alone or in combination—are used to treat lung
cancer
Prevention
Don't smoke, avoid second hand smoking
Contagiousness
No
Name of the disease
Cause of disease or disorder
The typical human population
that gets it (age, sex, race, etc.)
Asthma
Asthma is a disorder that causes the airways of the lungs to swell and narrow, leading to wheezing, shortness of
breath, chest tightness, and coughing.
Boys are twice as likely to get, Childhood,

Symptoms
Abnormal breathing pattern --breathing out takes more than twice as long as breathing in, Breathing temporarily stops,
Chest pain, Tightness in the chest
Allergy testing may be helpful to identify allergens in people with persistent asthma.
Diagnosis
The doctor or nurse will use a stethoscope to listen to the lungs. Wheezing or other asthma-related sounds may be
heard. However, lung sounds are usually normal between asthma episodes.
Prognosis
There is no cure for asthma, although symptoms sometimes improve over time. With proper self management and
medical treatment, most people with asthma can lead normal lives.
Long-term control drugs for asthma are used to prevent symptoms in people with moderate to severe asthma
Cures or treatment
Prevention
: Inhaled steroids
Quick relief drug include: bronchodilators and corticosteroids
You can reduce asthma symptoms by avoiding known triggers and substances that irritate the airways.
Contagiousness
No
Name of the disease
Cause of disease or disorder
The typical human population
that gets it (age, sex, race, etc.)
Cystic fibrosis (CF)
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by a defective gene which causes the body to produce abnormally thick and sticky fluid,
called mucus. This mucus builds up in the breathing passages of the lungs and in the pancreas, the organ that helps to
break down and absorb food.
Cystic fibrosis is a disease passed down through families that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs,
digestive tract, and other areas of the body.
It is one of the most common chronic lung diseases in children and young adults. Caucasian
Symptoms
Coughing or increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs, Nasal congestion, Recurrent episodes of pneumonia.
Sinus pain or pressure, skin taste salty,
Diagnosis
A blood test is available to help detect CF. The test looks for variations in a gene known to cause the disease
Prognosis
Cures or treatment
Prevention
Most children with cystic fibrosis are fairly healthy until they reach adulthood. They are able to participate in most
activities and should be able to attend school. Many young adults with cystic fibrosis finish college or find employment.
Lung disease eventually worsens to the point where the person is disabled. Today, the average life span for people with
CF who live to adulthood is approximately 37 years, a dramatic increase over the last three decades.Death is usually
caused by lung complications.
Antibiotics to prevent and treat lung and sinus infections. nhaled medicines to help open the airways. DNAse enzyme
therapy to thin mucus and make it easier to cough up, Lung transplant is an option in some cases
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that cannot be prevented.
Contagiousness
No
Name of the disease
Cause of disease or disorder
The typical human population
that gets it (age, sex, race, etc.)
Tuberculosis
caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis).
Elderly, infants, People with weakened immune systems, for example due to AIDS, chemotherapy, diabetes, or
medicines that weaken the immune system
Symptoms
Cough, coughing up blood, excessive sweating, fatigue, fever
Diagnosis
Biopsy of the affected tissue, bronchoscopy, chest CT scan, chest x ray
Prognosis
Cures or treatment
Prevention
Symptoms often improve in 2 - 3 weeks after starting treatment. A chest x-ray will not show this improvement until
weeks or months later. Outlook is excellent if pulmonary TB is diagnosed early and effective treatment is started quickly.
The goal of treatment is to cure the infection with drugs that fight the TB bacteria. Treatment of active pulmonary TB
will always involve a combination of many drugs (usually four drugs). All of the drugs are continued until lab tests show
which medicines work best.
TB is preventable, even in those who have been exposed to an infected person.
Contagiousness
Yes