Table 3. Prevalence of functional constipation in infants aged 0–12 months
Study, year
Country
Study design
No
in Age group
Criteria/definition
Prevalence
population
Iacono 2005 [4]
Italy
Population-
Cross-
Osatakul 2014 [48]
Thailand
Turkey
Not reported
237
0–6 months
Difficult or rare defecation for 2%
7–12 months
2 weeks
3%
NASPHGAN or Rome II
2.9%
Rome II
0.3%
Rome III
0.05%
Retrospective
4157
chart review
months)
Cross-
1749
Cross-
(0-24 0–12 months
1012
sectional
0–12 months
1–2 months
Passed
4–6 months
once/day
stools
9–12 months
Turco 2014 [44]
Italy
van Tilburg 2015 USA
Multicentre
bowel
1–17 weeks
sectional
Tunc 2008 [46]
1
3487
sectional
2005 [47]
by
retention 17.6%
movement every ≥3 days
sectional
USA
faecal
prospective
[7]
Loening-Baucke
Chronic
characterised
Cross-
Turkey
0–6 months
based
Infante Pina 2008 Spain
Kocaay 2011 [45]
2879
465
3 months
7.8%
less
than 39.3%
25.6%
21.1%
Rome III criteria
12%
prospective
6 months
14%
cohort
12 months
11%
Cross-
264 (0-3 years)
0–12 months
Rome III criteria
5%
[18]
sectional
survey