Goal 4 EOC Test
1. Which category of classification has the largest variety of organisms?
a. Genus
c. Phylum
b. Kingdom
d. Species
2. Based on Carolus Linnaeus’ system, which organism would be most closely related to an organism
belonging to the following taxa?
Family - Canidae
Genus - Canis
species – lupus
a. Family - Canidae
Genus - Canis
species – rufus
b. Family - Hominidae
Genus - Homo
species – lupus
c. Family - Canidae
Genus - Domesticus
species – lupus
d. Family - Equidae
Genus - Canis
species – lupus
3. Lynx rufus is the scientific name for the bobcat. Which word represents the species, and which name is
the genus of the bobcat?
a. species — rufus
genus — lynx
b. species — Felidae
genus — rufus
c. species — rufus
genus — Carnivora
d. species — lynx
genus — rufus
4. Why have scientists most likely classified Archaebacteria and Eubacteria together?
a. They have similar DNA.
c. They are both eukaryotes.
b. They are both prokaryotes.
d. They evolved around the same time.
5. Which cellular process is most closely related to the presence of chloroplasts in eukaryotes?
a. Metabolism
c. Photosynthesis
b. Aerobic respiration
d. Lactic acid fermentation
6. Which characteristic distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?
a. the loss of chloroplasts
b. the appearance of nuclei
c. the appearance of mitochondria
d. the occurrence of endosymbiotic events
7. Why are there so many more classifications of eukaryotic organisms than prokaryotic organisms?
a. Prokaryotic organisms are only unicellular, while eukaryotic organisms are both unicellular and
multicellular.
b. Eukaryotic organisms are only unicellular, while prokaryotic organisms are both unicellular and
multicellular.
c. Eukaryotic organisms are only multicellular, while prokaryotic organisms are both unicellular and
multicellular.
d. Prokaryotic organisms are only multicellular, while eukaryotic organisms are both unicellular and
multicellular.
8. Which organisms are best described as prokaryotic cells?
a. Bacteria
b. Fungi
c. Plants
d. Protists
9. Which best describes a similarity between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
a. Both have nuclei.
b. Both contain DNA.
c. Both are approximately the same size.
d. Both are classified as plant or animal.
10. A new photosynthetic organism with a nucleus has been discovered. Into which kingdoms could the
organism be placed?
a. Animalia or Plantae
b. Plantae or Fungi
c. Fungi or Protista
d. Protista or Plantae
11. Which best describes how eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms are similar?
a. Both have nuclei.
b. Both have ribosomes.
c. Both have a cell wall.
d. Both have membrane-bound organelles.
12. Which characteristic of mitochondria and chloroplasts lead scientists to believe that the two organelles
evolved through the symbiotic relationship between two prokaryotic organisms?
a. the presence of a cell wall
b. the development of bilayer membranes
c. the presence of their own genetic material
d. the ability to store energy directly from the sun
13. Most organisms that photosynthesize have chlorophyll located in chloroplasts. However, some organisms
that undergo photosynthesis do not have chloroplasts. Which conclusion can most likely be made from
this information?
a. The organism has chlorophyll within the cytoplasm.
b. The organism attaches to a green plant and uses its chlorophyll.
c. The nuclei of the organism’s cells can undergo photosynthesis.
d. The plasma membrane contains chemicals that react like chlorophyll.
14. Which kingdoms contain heterotrophic organisms?
a. Protists and Fungi
b. Protists and Animals
c. Protists, Fungi, and Animals
d. Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals
15. An organism that is both autotrophic and eukaryotic would belong to which category?
a. Plant
b. Animal
c. Fungi
d. Bacteria
16. How are protists most like fungi?
a. Both are eukaryotic.
b. Both are autotrophic.
c. Both contain chlorophyll.
d. Both move by pseudopodia.
17. Which best distinguishes a fungus from a green plant?
a. A fungus has chlorophyll, while a plant has enzymes.
b. A fungus is a prokaryote, while a plant is a eukaryote.
c. A fungus is heterotrophic, while a plant is autotrophic.
d. A fungus has vascular tissue, while a plant has nonvascular tissue.
18. How do plant and animal cells acquire energy for basic life processes?
a. by breakdown of ATP
b. by breakdown of ADP
c. by synthesis of proteins
d. by synthesis of carbon dioxide
19. Which best describes how protists differ from other eukaryotic organisms?
a. Protists have nuclei, while other eukaryotic organisms do not.
b. Protists have cell membranes, while other eukaryotic organisms have cell walls.
c. Protists are classified as nonliving, while other eukaryotic organisms are living.
d. Protists are mainly unicellular, while other eukaryotic organisms are mainly multicellular.
20. This is a dichotomous key for certain insect orders. Which characteristics place an insect in the order
Planipennia?
a.
b.
c.
d.
two pairs of wings that are the same size
one pair of wings with two tail appendages
two pairs of wings that are different sizes
one pair of wings and two long and one short tail appendage
21. Which is required for the survival of most species of amphibians?
a. a vegetarian diet
b. a dry environment
c. a wet environment
d. a period of drought
22. How do earthworms excrete waste products?
a. Digestive waste is excreted through the anus.
b. Urine is excreted through their tube-like body.
c. Feces are excreted in a mucous-type substance from the mouth.
d. Worms do not produce waste; they eat waste from other animals.
23. Why are vascular tissues in plants important?
a. for reproduction
b. for photosynthesis
c. for anchoring plants into the soil
d. for transporting water and nutrients
24. How do nonvascular plants transport nutrients and water throughout the plant?
a. The tissues in a nonvascular plant are thick so water and nutrients do not enter the plant.
b. The tissues in a nonvascular plant are thick so water and nutrients do not escape from the plant.
c. The tissues in a nonvascular plant are thin so diffusion and osmosis move nutrients and water
throughout the plant.
d. The tissues in a nonvascular plant are thin so nutrients and water do not have a long distance to
travel within the plant.
25. Which best distinguishes between autotrophic and heterotrophic protists?
a. Autotrophic protists move using cilia, while heterotrophic protists move using flagella.
b. Heterotrophic protists are multicellular organisms, while autotrophic protists are unicellular
organisms.
c. Heterotrophic protists are pathogenic to animals and plants, while autotrophic protists are
pathogenic to plants only.
d. Autotrophic protists are able to produce their own food, while heterotrophic protists must get
their food from another source.
26. How does the reproduction of mammals compare with the reproduction of most amphibians?
a. Both mammals and amphibians have internal fertilization.
b. Both mammals and amphibians have external fertilization.
c. Mammals have internal fertilization, while amphibians have external fertilization.
d. Mammals have external fertilization, while amphibians have internal fertilization.
27. Which best distinguishes a reproductive adaptation in angiosperms from gymnosperms?
a. Angiosperms produce seeds enclosed in fruit, while gymnosperms produce seeds enclosed in
cones.
b. Angiosperms require water for seed dispersal, while gymnosperms require animals for seed
dispersal.
c. Angiosperm fertilization occurs only in the spring, while gymnosperm fertilization occurs only in
the winter.
d. Angiosperm seeds are fertilized through cross-fertilization, while gymnosperm seeds are fertilized
through self-fertilization.
28. Which characteristic could best be used to distinguish between an angiosperm and a gymnosperm?
a. vascular tissue
b. definite root system
c. ability to photosynthesize
d. seeds enclosed in a flower
29. The lack of which structures keep nonvascular plants small and living in moist environments?
a. flowers and seed
b. xylem and phloem
c. guard cells and stomas
d. vacuoles and lysosomes
30. Mammals have internal fertilization. Which other reproductive trait is found in most mammals?
a. Large number of eggs and sperm are produced.
b. Fertilized eggs grow and develop inside a shell.
c. Both eggs and sperm are able to move spontaneously.
d. Growth and development occurs within the female’s body.
31. Both animals and fungi are classified as heterotrophs, whereas plants are classified as autotrophs. Which
best explains this difference in classification?
a. Plants must get their food from an outside source, while animals and fungi are able to produce
food.
b. Animals and fungi must ingest their food from an outside source, while plants absorb their food
from their surroundings.
c. Plants use the energy from light to produce food, while animals and fungi must rely on other
organisms as a food source.
d. Animals and fungi undergo chemosynthesis to produce food from inorganic materials, while
plants undergo photosynthesis to produce food from inorganic materials.
32. Which similarity exists between amphibians and mammals?
a. They are both warm-blooded.
b. They both return to water to reproduce.
c. They both have endoskeletons made of bone.
d. They both exchange gases through their skin.
33. Which classification best describes mosses?
a. Angiosperm
b. Gymnosperm
c. Nonvascular
d. Vascular
34. Tadpoles undergo metamorphosis to produce adult frogs. However, the rate at which metamorphosis
occurs can be increased by the injection of a certain chemical into the tadpole. Which substance would
most likely cause an increased rate of metamorphosis?
a. Lipid
b. Enzyme
c. Hormone
d. Carbohydrate
35. Homeostasis is most closely related to which two systems in the human body?
a. endocrine and nervous
b. circulatory and nervous
c. nervous and reproductive
d. reproductive and endocrine
36. Which reproductive adaptation is more characteristic of mammals than amphibians?
a. internal fertilization and internal development
b. internal fertilization and external development
c. external fertilization and internal development
d. external fertilization and external development
37. Which best explains how a mammalian heart is more efficient than an amphibian heart?
a. An amphibian heart has three separate chambers, while a mammalian heart has four separate
chambers.
b. A mammalian heart pumps blood to the lungs and the body, while an amphibian heart pumps
blood only to the lungs.
c. An amphibian heart absorbs heat, causing the amphibian to be warm-blooded, while a
mammalian heart does not absorb heat well.
d. A mammalian heart has a separation of blood with and without oxygen, while an amphibian heart
allows some of this blood to mix.
38. Through which process are the cells of animals supplied with food and oxygen?
a. Circulation
b. Digestion
c. Excretion
d. Respiration
39. What adaptive advantage do plants with larger leaf surface area have?
a. Large surface area allows for the intake of more oxygen for photosynthesis to occur.
b. Large surface area allows for more sunlight to be absorbed for photosynthesis to occur.
c. Large surface area allows for the intake of more carbon dioxide for cellular respiration to occur.
d. Large surface area allows for more sunlight to be absorbed for cellular respiration to occur.
40. In the diagram of the flower, the structure indicated by the arrow is often sticky. How is this most likely
adaptive for the plant?
a. This structure is sticky because as the main photosynthetic organ of the plant, it secretes excess
sugar.
b. This sticky structure is better adapted to capture insects, supplementing the plant’s nitrogen
intake.
c. This structure is sticky because it is adapted for capturing seeds from other species, reducing
competition.
d. This sticky structure is better adapted for trapping pollen grains, increasing the likelihood of
fertilization.
41. Which disease will antibiotics treat most effectively?
a. HIV
b. Influenza
c. Smallpox
d. Strep throat
42. Individuals rarely die from contracting HIV or from developing AIDS. Instead they die from “opportunistic
pathogens.” Which statement best explains an “opportunistic pathogen”?
a. An opportunistic pathogen is a newly discovered microbe which always causes death.
b. An opportunistic pathogen is a virus which only infects organisms when HIV is present.
c. An opportunistic pathogen is developed within the cells of the organism from the organism’s
genetic material.
d. An opportunistic pathogen is a microbe which is not normally fatal, but can cause death due to a
weakened immune system.
43. Viruses do not have a nucleus that stores genetic information. In what structure is DNA or RNA found in a
virus?
a. Capsid
b. Nucleolus
c. Tail
d. Tail fibers
44. Which best describes the mechanism by which viruses reproduce?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Viruses reproduce through binary fission.
Viruses take over the control of a host cell.
Viruses use body fluids to create new viruses.
Viruses reproduce through sexual reproduction.
45. Why are viral diseases hard to treat?
a. Antibiotics cannot penetrate the viral cell wall.
b. Viruses use the components of drugs to create new viruses.
c. The nucleic acid in a virus can mutate with each replication.
d. The rate of viral replication increases when antibiotics are taken.
46. Which pair of organisms have probably co-evolved?
a. tick and leech
b. fruit and deer
c. bee and flower
d. human and chimpanzee
47. Which action could be most harmful to a child with PKU?
a. riding a bike
b. drinking milk
c. playing baseball
d. eating sugary candy
48. Tay-Sachs disease causes the breakdown of the nervous system in infants and usually results in death.
What options are available to people regarding Tay-Sachs?
a. Babies diagnosed with Tay-Sachs are treated to cure the disease.
b. The gene for Tay-Sachs has been found and a pre-partem treatment is available.
c. Prospective parents can be tested for the Tay-Sachs allele, but no cure is available.
d. Bone marrow transplants can be performed to replace the infected cells and cure the baby.
49. Which is a genetic disorder that affects an individual’s ability to get enough oxygen?
a. PKU
b. Diabetes
c. Hemophilia
d. Sickle cell anemia
50. Cystic fibrosis (CF) most commonly affects people with Northern European ancestry and causes digestive
and breathing problems. If a person shows only one normal allele, he or she does not exhibit CF
symptoms. Which explains this expression of the CF trait?
a. People who are heterozygous for the trait exhibit symptoms of CF.
b. People who are homozygous recessive for the trait exhibit symptoms of CF.
c. People who are homozygous dominant for the trait exhibit symptoms of CF.
d. CF has multiple factors for inheritance, and its symptoms cannot be traced to one gene.
51. Which best distinguishes B cells from T cells?
a.
b.
c.
d.
B cells destroy pathogens, while T cells produce antigens.
B cells produce antibodies, while T cells kill infected cells.
B cells are white blood cells, while T cells are red blood cells.
B cells are produced in the blood, while T cells are produced by the thymus.
52. Which is the FDA most concerned about regarding fish in the human diet such as tuna and mackerel?
a. the level of salts in the fish
b. the level of proteins in the fish
c. the level of heavy metals in the fish
d. the level of carbohydrates in the fish
53. Which is most likely the reason proteins are frequently missing from the diets of people living in
developing nations
a. Poverty
b. lack of education
c. unsanitary conditions
d. lack of clean drinking water
54. An individual can suffer from malnutrition even though he eats food. Which statement best explains how
this can happen?
a. The individual does not eat enough food.
b. The individual is eating food that may be spoiled.
c. The individual eats only food that is fresh and uncooked.
d. The individual is not getting a variety of nutrients in the food that is consumed.
55. Vitamin D is added to milk to promote calcium absorption. Which body system does calcium absorption
most affect?
a. Circulatory
b. Digestive
c. Nervous
d. Skeletal
56. Which human disorder would be most affected by dairy products?
a. PKU
b. Anemia
c. Hemophilia
d. Huntington’s
57. A diet high in fats has been linked with cardiovascular disease and obesity. Which type of fat would be
most harmful to the human body?
a. saturated fat
b. unsaturated fat
c. fat derived from plants
d. fat developed from proteins
58. Which is the best defense in preventing the spread of malaria?
a.
b.
c.
d.
mosquito netting
a well-balanced diet
a moderate exercise program
avoidance of blood transfusions
59. Which toxic substance commonly found in paint can lead to serious health problems in children?
a. Chlorine
b. Ethanol
c. Lead
d. Mercury
60. A dog gives birth to puppies. The puppies try to nurse on their mother soon after being born. Which type
of behavior are the puppies exhibiting?
a. Conditioning
b. Habituation
c. Instinct
d. Learning
61. Many insects are attracted to light and move toward it. This is an example of what kind of behavior?
a. Taxis
b. Imprinting
c. Habituation
d. Conditioning
62. A young gorilla watches an older gorilla climb a vine to reach a food source. After several unsuccessful
tries, the young gorilla is able to climb the vine to the same food source. Which behavioral pattern is most
likely being demonstrated?
a. innate behavior
b. learned behavior
c. imprinted behavior
d. instinctual behavior