BY 123 SI 09/21/15
Which of these is a difference between DNA and RNA?
A) RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded.
B) DNA is found in the nucleus; RNA is never found in the nucleus.
C) In DNA, adenine pairs with guanine; in RNA, adenine pairs with thymine.
D) DNA contains thymine; RNA contains uracil.
E) DNA consists of five different nucleotides; RNA consists of four different nucleotides.
Which of the following pairs of base sequences could form a short stretch of a normal
double helix of DNA?
A) 5'-purine-pyrimidine-purine-pyrimidine-3' with 3'-purine-pyrimidine-purinepyrimidine-5'
B) 5'-A-G-C-T-3' with 5'-T-C-G-A-3'
C) 5'-G-C-G-C-3' with 5'-T-A-T-A-3'
D) 5'-A-T-G-C-3' with 5'-G-C-A-T-3'
E) A, B, and D are all correct.
Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join
nucleotides together. What would happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?
A) The two strands of the double helix would separate.
B) The phosphodiester bonds between deoxyribose sugars would be broken.
C) The purines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
D) The pyrimidines would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
E) All bases would be separated from the deoxyribose sugars.
Can electron or light microscopy magnify more?
Tell me the two types of electron microscopy you need to know and describe each briefly.
What is cell fractionation?
Which type of microscope would you use to study a) a white cell and b) the details of
surface texture of a hair?
Which of the following structure-function pairs is mismatched?
A) nucleolus-ribosome production
B) lysosome-intracellular digestion
C) ribosome-protein synthesis
D) Golgi-protein trafficking
E) microtubule-muscle contraction
Which of the following correctly lists the order in which cellular components will be found
in the pellet when homogenized cells are treated with increasingly rapid spins in a
centrifuge?
A) ribosomes, nucleus, mitochondria
B) chloroplasts, ribosomes, vacuoles
C) nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplasts
D) vacuoles, ribosomes, nucleus
E) nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes
Of the following, what do both mitochondria and chloroplasts have in common?
A) ATP is produced.
B) DNA is present.
C) Ribosomes are present.
D) B and C only
E) A, B, and C are correct.
Which of the following is not a known function of the cytoskeleton?
A) to maintain a critical limit on cell size
B) to provide mechanical support to the cell
C) to maintain the characteristic shape of the cell
D) to hold mitochondria and other organelles in place within the cytosol
E) to assist in cell motility by interacting with specialized motor proteins
Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in function to which of the following
structures in animal cells?
A) peroxisomes
B) desmosomes
C) gap junctions
D) extracellular matrix
E) tight junctions
In which of the following sites might protein synthesis occur in a typical eukaryotic cell?
a) the mitochondria
b) the rough endoplasmic reticulum
c) the cytoplasm
d) the cytoplasm and rough ER
e) the cytoplasm, the rough ER, and the mitochondria
Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true?
a) intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support
b) microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate
filaments and microtubules
c) components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within
the cytoplasm
d) plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall
e) microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching
Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the
following?
a) motor proteins
b) pseudopodia
c) mitochondria
d) tublin
e) actin
Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?
a) Golgi
b) Mitochondria
c) Cilia
d) The central vacuole
e) Nucleus
Which of the following statements correctly describes a common characteristic of a plant
cell wall and an animal cell extracellular matrix?
a) both are permeable to water and small solutes
b) both contain large amounts of collagen
c) both are composed primarily of carbohydrates
d) both are permeable to water and small solutes, and both contain large amounts of
collagen
e) both are permeable to water and small solutes, both contain large amounts of
collagen, and composed primarily of carbohydrates.
What are the folds of the mitochondria called? What’s the inside called?
Two main types of plastids? Two types of chromoplasts?
How many membranes do the mitochondria and chloroplasts have? What are the chips and
stacks inside chloroplasts called?
Mitochondrion is to matrix as chloroplast is to ___________.
Microfilaments ________________.
a) are made by actin (works with myosin—a motor protein)
b) maintain and change cell shape
c) function in cytoplasmic streaming
d) function in cell motility (pseudopodium)
e) all of the above
Microtubules ________________. (made out of tubulin; works with motor protein kinesin to
move vesicles around the cell)
a) are made of keratin
b) are involved with cell shape and chromosome movement during cell division
c) help cells move through cilia or flagella
d) require the motor protein myosin to act
e) b and c
Intermediate filaments _____________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
are made of tubulin and actin
help anchor the nucleus (lamina) and other organelles
are very mobile compared to the other cytoskeletons
are made of one protein
b, c, and d
We want to develop an antibiotic that gets rid of unwanted bacteria. What molecule(s) do
we target?
a) flagellin
b) tubulin
c) peptidoglycan
d) hyaluronic acid
e) all of the above
f) a and b
g) a and c
A specific drug is able to target the protein dynein in various organisms and destroy it.
What is the outcome?
a) Paramecium can’t move
b) mucus cannot be swept out of the trachea
c) sperm would become immobile
d) all of the above
What shows 9+2 arrangement of microtubules?
What shows 9+0 arrangement?
What is the layer in between plant cell walls?
T/F Plants can have two cell walls.
What is the most abundant glycoprotein in the ECM? Function of ECM?
What are proteoglycans?
Name the 3 cell junctions in animals.