UNIT 3 LESSON 2 – THE ROCK CYCLE NOTES
(PAGES 154 – 165)
1. ___________________– is a naturally occurring solid mixture of one or more minerals that may also include organic
matter.
2. Rocks are always changing. People study rocks to learn how areas have ___________________ through time.
3. Natural processes make and destroy rock. They change each type of rock into other __________of ______________.
4. The processes that change rock:
a. ___________________– breaks down rock into fragments
b. ___________________ - fragments of rocks
c. ___________________ – sediment is moved from one place to another.
d. What are the four most common erosion agents?
1.____________________2.______________________3. ___________________4.___________________
e. ____________________– sediment comes to rest
f. Temperature and pressure – As pressure increases with depth beneath Earth’s surface, so does
_________________________________
5. Buried rock under high temperature and pressure can change into a _________________________ rock.
6. If a rock gets hot enough it will turn into __________________________________( or magma).
__________________ – molten rock deep under the surface
__________________ - molten rock that reaches the surface
7. Rock is classified based on how and where it forms.
1._______________________________ - formed from molten rock that cools
2. _______________________________ - formed from solutions or sediments that get presses and cemented.
3. _______________________________ - formed when pressure, temperature or chemical processes change
rock.
SEDIMENTARY ROCK
8. Sedimentary rock are composed of _______________________ formed from ______________________ or
__________________________ from older rock.
9. Sedimentary rock forms in two ways.
a. The weight from _______________ presses down on the layers of minerals or sediment.
b. When _________________________ dissolved in ____________________ solidify between sediment pieces
and _________________________ them together.
10. Sedimentary rocks are named according to the ____________________and ______________________ of fragments
they contain.
Sandstone is made of ______________________________.
Limestone – made primarily of the mineral ___________________________.
Conglomerate – made form rounded pebbles cemented together.
Shale – made form clay particles cemented together.
IGNEOUS ROCK
11. Igneous rock forms from cooling _______________________ and _______________________.
12. As the magma or lava ________________ and becomes ________________, the minerals _____________________
and ____________________
13. The ______________________ the cooling takes the ___________time the crystals have to grow and the bigger
they will get.
a. ________________________________ – rock that forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth’s surface
(example: granite – most common intrusive rock, coarse- grained)
b. ________________________________ – rock that forms more quickly when lava cools on Earth’s surface
(example: basalt – most common extrusive rock, fine- grained)
14. Rock that cools the fastest on the surface cool so quickly that crystals do not form. They are called glassy or no
crystals rocks. (examples: obsidian, glassy or pumice, no grained)
METAMORPHIC ROCK
15. Metamorphic rocks form when __________________ ____________________________________________ and
___________________________________________ change the _________________________________ ______and
___________________________________________________ content of the rock.
16. Metamorphic rock can be changed in four ways.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Example: Gneiss - forms at very high temperature and pressure and made from bands of light and dark minerals
THE ROCK CYCLE
17. Any of the three rock types can be _________________________________into another of the three
________________________.
18. Rocks may follow ______________________________ pathways in the cycle.
19 The four factors that could change the identity of the rock.
1.
2.
3.
4.
20. Where the rock is ________________________________ on the tectonic plate and weather the rock is at Earth’s
______________________________ also influence how it ____________________________and
___________________________________.
21. Tectonic plate motions can ____________________________________ rock around.
22. Rock that was ______________________________ Earth’s surface may become __________________________ to
wind and rain. ________________________ or ______________________ may be ____________________________.
Rock can also be changed into __________________________________ rock by ______________________________
plate collisions because of increased ______________________________ and ________________________________.
What motions can tectonic plates make?
23. There are two types of vertical movement in Earth’s crust.
__________________________ is the rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations. This increases the
erosion rate.
___________________________ is the sinking of regions of the crust to lower elevation.
24. There is also a pulling apart motion.
____________________ ______________________ is an area where a set of deep cracks form. This is
common between tectonic plates that are pulling apart.
As they pull apart, blocks of crust in the center of the rift zone fall and the pressure on the buried rock is less.
This decrease in _____________________ allows rock below Earth’s surface to ________________
__________.
As the __________________________ rises, it is partially _________________________________ and forms
______________________________________.
The molted rock can cool below or above Earth’s surface.