Socials 9
Name: Quinn Malcolm
Comparison of the English Revolution and French Revolution
ENGLISH REVOLUTION
1625-1689
TOPIC
Kings





Parliament Vs.
Estates
General.







FRENCH REVOLUTION
Absolute monarchs
James I: intelligent; slovenly habits; “wisest
fool in Christendom”; didn’t make a good
impression on his new subjects; introduced
the Divine Right of Kings
Charles I: Believed in Divine Right of Kings;
unwilling to compromise with Parliament;
narrow minded and aloof; lived an
extravagant life; Wife Henrietta Maria and
people despised her (Catholic)
Charles II: supposed to rule as a
constitutional monarch; tried to protect
Catholic freedom
James II: openly Catholic, believed in Divine
Right of Kings; instituted reign of terror due
to rebellions against him


The Long Parliament was first called by King
Charles I.
Charles I summoned both the Short and
Long Parliaments in 1640 because only the
Parliament could raise the money he needed
to wage the second Bishops’ War against the
Scots, who were resisting his attempts to
impose episcopacy on them.
The Long Parliament proved much more
inflexible than the Short parliament
The Long Parliament sat throughout the
First and Second Civil wars until December
1648, when it was purged by the New Model
Army.
Members of parliament who voted against
Grand Remonstrance left parliament to fight
for the king.
Presbyterians and Puritans were in charge of
the parliament.
The Rump Parliament is the name given to
the Long Parliament after Pride's Purge of
December 1648










SIMILARTIES
DIFFERENCES
Absolute monarchs
Louis XIV: known as the “Sun King”; saw
himself as centre of France and forced nobles
to live with him; extravagant lifestyle; built
Palace of Versailles ($$)
Louis XV: great grandson of Louis XIV; only
five years old when he became King;
continued extravagances of the court and
failure of government to reform led France
towards disaster
Louis XVI; originally wanted to be loved; not
interested in governing; did not help middle
and lower classes; married Marie Antoinette
who people despised (Austrian)
Louis allowed critics of government to be
imprisoned or killed
 Kings ruled as Absolute Monarchs
 Raised foreign armies
 Charles I and Louis XVI both did not
like working with Parliament/Estates
General
 Citizens did not like the wives of
Charles I (Catholic) and Louis XVI
(from Austria)
 Both Charles I and Louis XVI punished
critics of government
 English Kings believed in Divine Right
of Kings and French did not
 Charles I did not care to be loved
whereas Louis XVI initially wanted to
be loved by his people
 Charles I did not kill people who were
against him (he imprisoned or fined
them) whereas Louis XVI did
 Charles I called Lord Strafford,
Archbishop Laud and occasionally
Parliament; Louis XVI only called
Estates General as he had no advisors
France’s parliament was also known as the
“Estates General”
The Estate Generals met very seldom
The Clergy and the Aristocrats had twice as
much voting power as the middle class.
Louis XVI only called the Estates General
together when his government was in a
serious crisis.
The Third Estate was the first estate to break
away from the Estates General.
The Directory was controlled by the Middle
Class. Most power went to the people of the
property, this group could also vote and elect
members to government.
It was brought to an end when the Third
Estate formed into a National Assembly,
inviting the other two to join, against the
wishes of the king, signaling the outbreak of
the French Revolution.




Both lower Estates had to pay the
most taxes.
Anyone who question the king was
either imprisoned or killed.
Both kings were always butting heads
with parliament.


The English Revolution had many
several Parliaments during 16251689, and the French Revolution only
had one Parliament which is the
Estate General.
English was a constational monarchy
France was absolute monarch.
TOPIC
Taxes
ENGLISH REVOLUTION
1625-1689






Religion










Charles wanted more taxes.
Charles brought back the an ancient fee
called ship money, which people had once
had to pay the king to provide warships for
the navy.
Charles raised ship money, but used most
for himself.
Charles forced people to make loans to the
Crown, mortgaged royal properties, and
collect custom fees known as tonnage and
poundage.
Charles billeted his soldiers with
homeowners, increased noble fees for
government services, and sold noble titles to
anyone who would support him or lend him
money.
English civil war talk about these taxes
Tunnage and poundage Forced loans
Ship money.
Puritans were Calvinists.
Most people protestant.
Puritans were against ceremony and
decoration of the Anglican churches
Oliver Cromwell led the army to victory of
overthrowing Charles I.
There were many different ways of
worshipping
Puritans and Protestants both held political
power.
Hundreds of people executed during a witch
hunt caused by conspiracy.
Few roman Catholics.
James I published a “book of sports” to
anger puritans purposely
When puritans eventually because most of
parliament they finally had more of a
political voice.
SIMILARTIES
FRENCH REVOLUTION










The third estate had to pay heavy taxes. Even
after the French Revolution the third estate
was still paying a lot.
As the cost of flour began to rise people were
left to starve, unable to afford bread anymore.
Money spent by Louis XVI mainly from taxes
from estates 2 and 3.

Mostly Catholic
Philosophies criticized church.
Catholic church, Gallicon church
Church had the right tax 10% of anyone’s
yearly income
Louis XVI persecuted many Calvinsit
protestants Louis XVI believed that monarch
head speech rights within the Roman church.
Philosophies and other kings opponents wrote
books and newspapers and many were
punished
Louis XVI married as women from a different
country which caused problems








DIFFERENCES
Most of the money went towards the
First class and nobles.
The Third Estate had to pay the heavy
taxes
The taxes lead to the country to
bankrupt.

Louis XVI and England’s Stuart kings
had problems with Calvinist.
Churches had political privileges
Two different group clashing about
mainly religious reasons.
Kings favourited one religion and the
other religion took strands.
Protestants both disliked and opposed
to their kings.
Heads/Official churches followed one
religion and were opposed majorly to
other religions.









Louis XVI wife spent tax money on
extravagances
France has tariffs and tools, and
England has tonnage and pondage.
The English had ship money, and
Charles I had lord strafford to advise
him on money and other political
decisions, and Louis XVI advised him
on many political decisions like taxes.
France’s church was allowed a tithe.
England’s church headed by a king.
France’s church was cristicized not by
another religious but a political group.
James I married a catholic wife caused
problems.
Witchhunt hysteria took place in
England killing many innocent people.
King James I outraged puritans
purposely
Religious beliefs were the main cause
for uprising in England. Political
groups and religious beliefs were the
cause of upspring in France.
TOPIC
Glorious
Revolution Vs.
Directory
ENGLISH REVOLUTION
1625-1689






Significance in
History





SIMILARTIES
FRENCH REVOLUTION
The Glorious Revolution was also called the
Bloodless Revolution.
When James II left England, abdicating his
throne, this particular event has become
known as “Glorious Revolution.”
James II was replaced by William of Orange
Landowners and most of people did not want
anymore a king to rule them, and they did
not want a Catholic king.
The Parliament destroyed the divine rights
and limited the monarch’s power.
Glorious Revolution created a constitutional
monarchy, which basically means that the
king share power with the parliament.

They resulted in limited monarchy, rather
than absolute monarchy.
The parliament was finally established.
European countries like France looked to the
English for ideas about how countries
should be governed.
England introduced a constitutional
monarchy where king isn’t in power
It shaped the way government would be held
in England because there were many
mistakes created when one person ruled and
had most of the power.













The rule of Robespierre was replaced with the
Directory
Directory controlled the middle class.
Most power went to the people of the of
property. This group was also allowed to vote
and elect members to government.
The Directory was balanced by two
representative assemblies elected indirectly
by property holders. Governing a nearly
bankrupt nation, the Directory had a stormy
history.
The Directory instituted positive monetary
reforms, which helped revive trade and
agriculture, and provided the basis for
Napoleon's restoration of order.

Destruction of the monarchy.
The spread of revolutionary ideas out of
France, into the rest of Europe and the rest of
the world.
Abolishment of aristocratic privileges.
Taxes became not as heavy for the Third
Estate but they still paid a lot.
Abolishment of special privileges for the
Catholic Church.
The Reign of Terror introducing one of the
first examples of a revolution trying to create
ideological purity by terror.
Robespierre introduced the metric system,
calendar, schools and universities to France.
France introduced branching out the power in
government so it isn’t all in one area.
Guillotined was a procedure used as death
sentences and was used in other countries as
well.





Both rules of the Glorious Revolution
and the Directory weren’t kings.
The Glorious Revolution and the
Directory both replaced a King.
They both improved people’s lives.
DIFFERENCES



Both countries went through a phase
of being ruled by both under an
absolute monarch who did everything
they pleased and with a dictator who
deemed to make things run according
to what they seemed right.
Both countries went through their
people fighting and revolting for things
they wanted to see change and it
worked proving that the people had so
much power over the government.

Glorious Revolution created a
constitutional monarchy, and the
Directory instituted positive monetary
reforms.
The Directory lasted longer than the
Glorious Revolution.
The Directory gave more power to
people of property and the Glorious
Revolution was more focused on not
wanting to have a catholic king.
France went through a bloodier and
more frightening stage in history due
to the amount of death that occurred
so often.
Paragraph
I believe that the French Revolution gained the most benefits from the revolution because they were able to end the Regime. They were also able to start a
short monarchy. Robespierre also introduced the Metric system, calendar and he lastly introduced schools and universities to the people. Even though there
was a lot of positive things there was quite a few negative things like, how they lowered religious beliefs and made it alienated. They still were allowed slavery.
Even after the Revolution the French still owed a lot. The finance declined and made everything much more expensive.
Even though I believe that the French Revolution was more benefitted then the English Revolution, there is still some good things that came out of the
English Revolution like, the country of England benefited from the revolution by gaining a new government. The country ended up as a constitutional
monarchy with the Bill of Rights. In conclusion, I believe that the French Revolution was more successful and benefited more people. I do think that the
English Revolution benefited people, but the French Revolution provided more of a lifestyle for everyone in all the estates of France.