Graphic Organizer- Ecology
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________________- the study of the environment.
The 7 properties of life
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1. _____________________- All living things are made up of cells.
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2. _____________________- The maintaining of the bodies internal conditions despite what is going on
externally.
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3. ____________________- the sum of all chemical reactions in the organism.
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4. _________________- all living things must respond to a stimulus.
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5. ______________________- All living things must make more of their own kind.
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6. ________________- All living things must possess traits that can be passed down to the next generation.
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7. ________________- All living things must grow and develop.
Ecosystem
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The levels of organization in an Ecosystem.
Name the silly sentence to help you remember the order.
__________________________________- the place where organisms live.
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2 Factors:
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Biotic: All _______________ factors (Plants, animals etc…)
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Abiotic: All ________________ factors (Water, rocks etc…)
Ecosystem Structure
1. organism-
an individual life form
ex. ____________________________
2. _________________________- group of individual species.
ex.______________________________ 2
____________________________- can breed and produce fertile offspring
3. ____________- all of the biotic factors in a habitat.
ex. ___________________________
4. _________________________-- includes all of the abiotic and biotic factors in a habitat
ex. _________________
5. ________________________- large land mass characterized by similar climate and vegetation- ex. __________
6- biosphere-f ___
Ecosystems change over time
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__________________- The change in an ecosystem over time.
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Two type of succession:
1._________________________- Life starts where no life was before.
The first organisms to appear in these newly made ecosystems are called
________________________.
Name 2 pioneer species and provide their function. _______________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________- After a major disaster occurs (fire) life comes back to the area.
Biomes
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A _____________ is a major community of plants and animals that contains a special climate.
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______________: an areas average weather conditions.
There are _____ key factors that determine a biome.
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_____________________
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_____________________
Tropical Rainforest
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Receives large amounts of rain and warm temperatures all year.
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Greatest biodiversity on land biomes
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At least half of the earth’s species are found in this biome.
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______________________: variety of organisms in a given area.
Tundra
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Gets very little rain fall.
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__________________________ biome.
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The ground is covered by a layer of permafrost all year round.
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____________________: A layer of permanently frozen subsoil.
Taiga
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Coniferous forest (___________________)
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Wet Climate with long and cold winters
Desert
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Deserts cover more than __________________ of the Earth's land, and they are found on every continent.
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Receives very little precipitation.
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The largest desert in the world is the ___________.
Temperate Deciduous Forest
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Have mild climates.
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Temperate deciduous forests are most notable because they go through _______________________.
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We live in the temperate deciduous forest.
Savanna
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Also known as _____________________________.
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Mostly found in eastern Africa.
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Very one period of dry seasons with a couple of short but plentiful wet seasons.
Grassland
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Have moderate precipitation and cooler temperatures than the savanna.
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There are smaller ___________ and ____________than trees.
Aquatic Ecosystems- made of water
Estuaries- _______________________________________
Energy Flow
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Organisms require ___________to function; they get that energy by either eating or producing that
energy.
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_____________: Is an organism that makes its own energy.
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_____________: An organism that gets it energy from another organism.
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Decomposer: An organism that gets its energy from _______________ (dead) matter.
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Types of Consumers
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_____________: An organism that feeds on meat.
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_____________: An organism that feeds on plant matter.
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_____________: An organism that feeds on both meat and plant matter.
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In an ecosystem, energy flows from the sun to producers to consumers to decomposers.
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The picture shown is an __________________________________ ________________________.
_______ of the energy in each layer of the pyramid is lost as the energy ________________the pyramid. 4
What is a tropic level? ______________________________________________________________
Food Chains and Food Webs
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When energy in an ecosystem is moving from one trophic level to the next it forms a food chain.
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________________________: shows how each living thing gets food, and how nutrients and energy are
passed from creature to creature.
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Food Web: A series of connecting ________________________________.
Cycles of Matter:
1. Water Cycle- The cycle of water throughout an ecosystem
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Evaporation: Collection of water turns into ______________________ due to the sun.
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_________________: Water vapor turns into ice/water droplets in the clouds.
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__________________(Rain): When there are too many water droplets, it releases water.
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Transpiration: liquid water is turned into water vapor by the ________________________.
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Percolation-
2. Carbon Cycle: The movement of carbon from __________ to_____________ factors.
_________________: the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between organisms and their surroundings.
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Name one way animals release carbon back into the atmosphere.______________________________
Name one way people release carbon back into the atmosphere. _______________________________
Carbon is released back into the atmosphere when __________________________ _____________________ are
burned.
3. The Nitrogen Cycle
About ______________ % of the atmosphere is made of nitrogen.
Nitrogen can be converted in the process of _____________________________________ or by ________________.
Plants need nitrogen to make _____________________.
____________________________ is the process of converting atmospheric nitrogen into nitrate. This requires the
help of ______________________________ __________________________ ________________________.
Steps of the Nitrogen Cycle
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Nitrification - ammonium gets changed into _____________ by bacteria. ____________ (plants) - They
absorb nitrates from the soil into their roots.
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__________________ - is the process of the plants absorbing the nitrogen in the soil through their roots.
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___________________________- when animals die, and decay nitrogen goes back into the soil.
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______________ - Extra nitrogen in the soil gets put back out into the _________. There are special bacteria
that perform this task as well.
4. Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus enters the soil from the __________________________________________________ of rocks.
It is needed in for the production of _______________________ in the form of _______________.
Populations and Communities
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________________: a group of organisms from the same species.
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Populations can increase and decrease due to 2 factors
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_____________: the movement of individuals ______ a population
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_____________: the movement of individuals ______ of a population.
Graphing Population Growth
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Two ways:
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___________________________: occurs when numbers increase rapidly: _________ curve
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___________________________: begins quickly and death and birth begin to balance out at
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______________________ is reached.
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What is carrying capacity?
Interactions within communities
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Populations can increase and decrease due to 2 factors:
_____________: the movement of individuals ______ a population
_____________: the movement of individuals ______ of a population
A ___________________ is the role that an organism plays in an ecosystem.
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____________________: the act of another organism killing another for food. This known as
_____________________.
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________________: the evolution of two or more species that is due to mutual influence. Example lion and
zebra.
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__________________: a relationship in which toe species live in close association with each other. 7
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_________________: a relationship in which both organisms benefit.
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__________________: relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
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__________________: a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
The Environment
Pollution
Name 3 ways humans negatively impact the environment:
Name 3 ways humans can positively impact the environment:
Three kinds of pollution are _________________ pollution, ______________________ pollution, ____________________
pollution.
Deforestation_____________________________- the earth’s natural way of insulating itself. The Oxone layer allows it to do this.
__________________________________ ______________________________- the rise in the earths temperature due to
destruction of the ozone layer. The damage is caused by pollution.