BANGLADESH PRE-Crisis Market Mapping and Analysis
Terms of Reference
Assessment dates:
17-27 June
Host agency:
Cash Working Group / Oxfam
Participating agencies &
local government:
CWG member agencies from int’l NGOs, national NGOs, UN and
government
Budget:
OXFAM as CWG host shall cover the cost for venue, lunch, snack,
local transportation during fieldwork.
1. Context:
Markets are essential for providing people access to basic goods and services, for people’s
livelihoods – and for economic development. Disrupting or ignoring markets during an
emergency will potentially destroy or delay the ability of people to return to their
livelihoods. To date, emergency market analysis has predominantly been undertaken following
a crisis, to ensure that humanitarian interventions, at the very least, do no harm to market
systems and can identify opportunities where relief can be delivered through existing market
systems.
The Cash Working Group, a multi-sector platform for cash transfers coordination, will conduct
a pre-crisis market analysis in Dhaka to increase its members’ preparedness and capacity on
market analysis for emergencies. This will be broadly based on the Emergency Market
Mapping and Analysis (EMMA) methodology with guidance from the PCMMA (Pre-Crisis
Market Mapping and Analysis) in order to adapt the assessment methodology for use in slowonset and pre-crisis contexts. PCMMA allows to assess market systems in “non-crisis” time in
order to be better prepare once a crisis strikes but also to identify interventions that can
strengthen markets ahead of a crisis.
Dhaka City is located in the moderate zone and has not recently experienced any major
earthquake but it is ranked as one of the world’s 20 cities most vulnerable to earthquakes
(Disaster Risk Index of Stanford University, USA). Its high population density and unplanned
urbanisation makes the city highly vulnerable to a major earthquake. Several studies
conducted by different institutions also confirmed Dhaka’s vulnerability to other natural
hazards such tornadoes, floods which are associated with river water overflow and rain water
stagnant. Other than that, Dhaka is also more susceptible to human-induced environmental
hazards. Floods in dense, poorly serviced settlements can lead to other hazards, which have a
significant impact on the health of urban poor residents. Floodwaters in slums can mix with
raw sewage and breed water-borne diseases, such as diarrhoea, typhoid and scabies. Water
Bangladesh Cash Working Group, 2015
supplies also become contaminated during floods, as pipes in slum areas are likely to be
damaged or to leak.
Considering the growing vulnerability of urban population to disasters and hazard, the CWG is
going to launch a PCMMA. The outcomes will contribute to the increased capacity of CWG
members, targeted communities and government institutions for emergency preparedness
and response and also mitigate disaster risks.
2. Objectives of the Analysis:
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To pre-identify, through a pre-crisis market analysis, appropriate responses (cash/ in-kind/
market support/ advocacy) to meet emergency and early livelihood recovery needs of
potential beneficiaries and affected population in Dhaka and surrounding areas. In terms
of the response to recurrent disasters, humanitarian and development agencies are
currently conducting a number of interventions including: food assistance, agricultural
support programme, protection, WaSH and health. The market assessment will help preidentify the most appropriate responses for the immediate and medium-term
interventions.
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To build the understanding of existing coping mechanisms and to inform programming on
ways of reinforcing these.
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Strengthen CWG member agencies and local governments services national capacity in
market analysis and in its use in response analysis and design as well as DRR,
preparedness and contingency planning;
3. Outcomes:
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Recognise the importance of market analysis as an essential input to response analysis and
be able to apply the analysis to preparedness, contingency planning and project design
(CTP and /or in-kind), including DRR.
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Design and carry out baseline and emergency market analysis to inform an appropriate
response design for any future crisis, taking into account seasonality, as well as
preparedness, contingency planning and DRR (where possible). Establish a baseline of the
main key-market systems will enable to: assess the key market systems prior to any
emergency, ie in “normal” times and identify potential interventions to strengthen key
market systems ahead of a crisis. Establish the emergency map will enable to: map the
impact of a crisis on market systems and be better prepare when a crisis will strike.
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Propose innovative programming combining different types of direct and indirect
interventions as appropriate, depending on the specific preparedness, emergency and
recovery contexts, throughout the project cycle.
Bangladesh Cash Working Group, 2015
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Identify relevant parameters to be monitored to update baseline market systems
information and analysis in case of emergency to inform response design.
4. Market analysis outputs:
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Pre-crisis market mapping and analysis report with market maps, per selected critical
market system and for each time (“normal” and “crisis”), per season, given restricted
access during major disaster like earthquake, key findings and recommendations.
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Key findings and recommendations will be presented to the INGO-ESC. These will also be
presented to external stakeholders as well as the Food Security Cluster, Early Recovery
Cluster and other appropriate external fora.
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The final report (with complete analysis and recommendations) shall be completed by the
Analysis Team Leader. Support on the write-up of any technical sections of the report
shall be provided by Team Leaders/members of the pre-crisis market mapping and
analysis assessment team.
5. Geographical Area:
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Natural disasters Dhaka faces include floods, land-slides, river erosion, earth-quake, and
water-logging. Human-induced disasters include settlement growth in hazardous
locations such as unstable slopes, ravines, wetlands, etc., unplanned growth leading to
greater vulnerability, social exclusion leading to reduced capacity of marginalized
communities to cope with disasters, low building standards and poor zoning policies.
Earthquake is a major hazard, though it is secondary hazard for Dhaka but due to its
density and urbanisation problems, earthquake will also become major issue for Dhaka.
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In this regard both training and assessment will take place in Dhaka City with target area
in poor and extreme communities.
The “reference crisis” will be chosen during the initial classroom preparatory work.
6. Potential Critical Markets for Analysis:
The Technical Working Group of CWG has identified the following critical markets for potential
analysis:
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Rice
Drinking water
Temporary shelter material
Medical service (gov/private)
Fuel (kerosene, CNG, wood, gas...)
Local labour (esp. Garment)
Bangladesh Cash Working Group, 2015
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Hygiene products (soap and chlorine products)
Credit services, bank loan, financial service
Logistics support
A final decision of markets to analyse will be made on the first day of the market analysis
training with all participants.
7. Teams:
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Approx 15-17 participants for the training and assessment
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All participants must be able to communicate in English and Bengali.
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Facilitation/training will be in English.
8. Duration of the assessment and working hours:
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From 13 days from to be completed to be managed by the consultant (see proposed
agenda below).
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Participants should be prepared for working long hours. All participants should agree
to work the length of the assessment, and without a break if necessary to ensure the
work is completed on time, and to the required detail and quality. Please inform us if
this is likely to be difficult or if there are any outstanding issues that need addressing.
9. Administration and Resources Required:
The following will be required and provided:
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Office space and access to printers and photocopier
Flip charts/ white boards and relevant markers
Spare pens/ paper, note books
Data show/ projector for laptops
Refreshments during training and analysis sessions
Per diem for government services
Vehicles will be provided by: 1 car & driver – Oxfam to be discussed with other
participants.
10. Agenda (tentative)
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Day
Location
Agenda
Day 5
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Intro to PCMMA – What, Why, When, Who
Review of situation on the ground, review TOR for assessment
Confirm target group
Identify Key Analytical Questions
Ten Steps, 3 Strands; EMMA Flow Chart; Main Tools of EMMA: adaptation to PCMMA
Examine existing baseline information, incl. HH profiles
Select your reference crisis and critical markets
Review draft seasonal calendar
Preliminary mapping
Review of maps and Key Analytical Questions
Direct and Indirect responses, appropriate imprecision
Feasibility of cash-based initiatives
Fieldwork Prep: list sources, type of interview
Sample questions for gap analysis and market analysis
Develop data collection sheets
Fieldwork preparation
Devise the questionnaire, interview plans and information-recording formats in Bengali
Fieldwork
Day 6
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Fieldwork
Day 7
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Fieldwork
Day 8
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Analysis/Revise Seasonal Calendar and HH Profiles
Analysis/Revise Maps/ Baseline and Emergency-affected Maps
Analysis/Revise Maps, incl. overlays
Develop market support options
Develop Response Options Matrix
Develop Response Recommendations
Finalize Recommendations Report
External stakeholder presentation
Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
Day 4
Day 9
Day 10
Day 11
Needs
Bangladesh Cash Working Group, 2015
11. Outcomes
- The CWG members have a better understanding of market analysis as an essential input
to response analysis and are able to apply the analysis to project design (CTP or ikin)
- Baseline and pre-crisis market analysis are conducted to inform an appropriate response
design for multiple needs.
- Innovative programming is proposed, combining different types of direct and indirect
interventions as appropriate.
12. Outputs of the Training and PCMMA
- PCMMA reports for each commodity selected: each report will have an analysis of the
market system (baseline/reference and emergency maps) and response recommendations
and include an executive summary of key findings and recommendations including market
maps.
- The final report with complete analysis and recommendations shall be completed by the
facilitator within 7 days of the field completion. Support on the write-up of any technical
sections of the report will be provided by participants and the CWG Technical Coordinator.
- Activity report shall be made with summary of the undertaken activities, of skills gained
by the participants and of the evaluation of the exercise by the participants.
13. Total days for consultancy
The applying consultant shall make a proposal based on the above tentative agenda and
days required for preparation, reporting and travel.
14. Consultant profile
- Demonstrated experience in leading an PCMMA and EMMA exercise and writing good
quality report (sample of the previously written could be requested);
- Excellent training and facilitation skills;
- Good English communication and written skills;
- Ability to work in chaotic urban context
15. Application process
Applicants shall send CV and cover letter mentioning availability and consultancy by May
31, 2015 to eyi@oxfam.org.uk (Eun Jung Yi, Technical Coordinator of CWG)
Bangladesh Cash Working Group, 2015