Laboratory Book
Control Systems
LAB POLICY:
Date:
Student:
Student’s Signature: ________________
Lab Report grades:___
Items
Grade
Assigned
1
Title Page, including lab number, date, student
name, ... and references
5
2
3
4
5
6
7
Introduction
Theoretical concepts
System solution in lab view/block diagram
Simulation Results
Conclusion and recommendation
Demo
Total
5
20
25
15
10
20
100
The student’s
grade
Lab
1
DC Servo Motor: Open-Lopp and
Closed-Loop Systems
1.1. LAB OBJECTIVE
In this lab you will implement position control using simple proportional controllers. The
response of the system to a step input will be experimentally determined and compared with
theoretical values.
1.2. BACKGROUND
1.2.1. Block diagram of open-loop system
Figure 1 Block diagram of open-loop position control system of a DC servomotor.
The block diagram of an open-loop position control system is shown in Figure 1. The system
transfer function is given by:
𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑚
𝛩(𝑠)
=
𝑅(𝑠) 𝑠(𝑇𝑚 𝑠 + 1)
1.2.2. Step Response of open-loop system
Consider a second order system of the form as given above with:
Km = 10
Tm = 0.25
Kp = 0.1
Design a VI that looks like the panel below to show the time domain step response of the above
transfer function for an open-loop system.
Find:
The DC gain of the plant transfer function?
For a unit step input, what is the final value of the output?
What is the corresponding steady-state error value? Is it large or small?
What is the rise time?
Draw the step response of closed loop system for different gain values of 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 = 0.1 ,
𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 (Kp=0.01) and 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 (Kp=1).
5
3
Step Response
x 10
2.5
Amplitude
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
Time (sec)
1.3.1. Block diagram of closed loop system
2
2.5
3
4
x 10
Figure 2 Block diagram of closed-loop position control system of a DC servomotor.
The block diagram of a closed loop position control system is shown in Figure 2. The system
transfer function is given by:
𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑚
𝛩(𝑠)
= 2
𝑅(𝑠) 𝑠 𝑇𝑚 + 𝑠 + 𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑚
1.2.2. Step Response
Depending on system parameters and the controller gain that we use, the step response could be
oscillatory (under damped), critically damped or over damped.
Critical damping condition
For critical damping, the denominator of the closed loop transfer function should have equal
roots. The roots will be equal if and only if
1 − 4𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑚 𝑇𝑚 = 0
Or
𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 = 𝐾𝑝 =
1
4𝐾𝑚 𝑇𝑚
Consider a second order system of the form as given above with Km = 10 and Tm = 0.25.
1
Then 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 = 4𝐾 𝑇 = 0.1 for critical damping.
𝑚 𝑚
Draw the step response of closed loop system for different gain values of 𝐾𝑝 = 𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 = 0.1 ,
𝐾𝑝 < 𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 (Kp=0.01) and 𝐾𝑝 > 𝐾𝑝𝑐𝑟 (Kp=1).
Step Response
1.2
1
Amplitude
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
Time (sec)
30
35
40
45
50
Lab
2
Design of Controllers:
Proportional Integral (PI), Proportional
Derivative (PD) and Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) Controllers
2.1. LAB OBJECTIVE
The objective of this lab is to design and implement a PID (Proportional-Integral- Derivative)
controller and to study the effect of integral and derivative control actions on the system. We will
also learn about the importance of the bandwidth of a controller.
2.2. BACKGROUND
2.2.1. Closed-Loop Bandwidth
The frequency range of input signals that a closed-loop system can track successfully without
significant attenuation is called the closed-loop bandwidth of the system. It is defined as the
frequency at which output amplitude/input amplitude becomes 2 / 1(or -3 dB). Example: Consider
the proportional control system shown below. Let K m = 5.5, T m = 0.13, K p = 10.
B
B
B
B
B
B
Figure 1. Block diagram of closed-loop proportional control system that controls the shaft position
of a DC servomotor.
The closed loop transfer function is given by:
𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑚
𝛩(𝑠)
= 2
𝑅(𝑠) 𝑠 𝑇𝑚 + 𝑠 + 𝐾𝑝 𝐾𝑚
2.2.3. Position control
Figure 2. Position control loop
Figure 2 shows a position control loop for the lab DC servomotor. A variety of control strategies,
represented by the Laplace function G(s), can be used to control the shaft position. We have already
seen proportional (P) control. In this section we will consider three other types of control that use not
only the error of the shaft position, but also the integral and/or the derivative of this error. The three
additional types of control to be considered include PI, PD, and PID control.
2.2.3.1. PI controller
Proportional-integral (PI) control considers both the magnitude of the system error and the integral of
this error. For the DC servomotor, by integrating the error of the shaft position over time, scaling the
integral, and adding this term to the control voltage, steady-state errors in position can be eliminated
that P control alone may not be able to cancel. This is the primary reason to add integral control
action, to eliminate steady state error. The drawback of adding integral action is that it may have a
destabilizing influence on the system response if K i is not properly selected
2.2.3.2. PD controller
ii
Proportional-derivative (PD) control considers both the magnitude of the system error and the
derivative of this error. Derivative control has the effect of adding damping to a system, and, thus,
has a stabilizing influence on the system response.
U
2.2.3.3. PID controller
Proportional-integral-derivative control (PID) combines the stabilizing influence of the derivative
term and the reduction in steady-state error from the integral term.
2.2.3.4. Ziegler-Nichols rule for tuning a PID controller
The Ziegler-Nichols tuning rule is widely used to tune PID controller gains in process control
systems. For a PID controller of the form
U
The parameters K p , T i , and T d are calculated using the following design criteria.
Ziegler-Nichols design rule
B
B
B
B
B
B
𝑠
𝑠
𝐾𝑐𝑟
and 𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑠 are obtained by experiment. 𝐾𝑐𝑟
is the critical gain where the shaft exhibits sustained
𝑠
oscillations (marginal stability) 𝑃𝑐𝑟 designates the period of these oscillations.
For the PID control law given in Section 2.2.3.3, K p = K p , K i = K p /T i , and K d = K p T d .
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
2.3. PRELAB
1. Modify the LabView program you wrote in the Lab 1 prelab (question 1) so that the reference
displacement signal is a sine wave instead of a step input. Use a magnitude of 250 counts and
a frequency of 5 Hz. Use K of 0.004. You will vary the frequency of the reference signal and
p
observe tracking performance.
2. Determine the gain values for a PI controller and a PID controller using the Ziegler- Nichols
𝑠
tuning rule. Use the values for 𝐾𝑐𝑟
and 𝑃𝑐𝑟𝑠 that you experimentally determined in Lab 1.
3. Write a LabView program to implement PI position control. Use gain values obtained from
Question 2. Use a step input of 500 counts.
4. Write a LabView program to implement PID position control. Use gain values obtained from
Question 2. Use a step input of 500 counts.
2.4. LAB PROCEDURE
2.4.1. Exercise 1
Implement Prelab Question 1. Vary the reference signal frequency according to the following table.
Plot the experimental response using your labView program. Determine the value of the output
magnitude from the plots obtained. You already know the input amplitude.
2.4.2. Exercise 2
Design and implement PI position controller (Prelab Question 3). Plot the experimental step
response.
2.4.3. Exercise 3
Design and implement PID position controller (Prelab Question 4). Plot the experimental step
response.
2.5. Exercise 4
Compare the experimental step response curve that you obtained for position control experiments
with P, PI and PID controllers. Comment on the steady state error value, oscillatory behavior
(stability), and speed of response (rise time). If necessary show your reasoning on the plots.
Lab
3
Design and tuning of MultiTanksFluid Level Process
Controller
1. Introduction
The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to give insight into elementary concepts and principles
in automatic control. We shall also get closer acquainted with the PID controller, the industrially
most commonly occurring controller. The lab process consists of a pump and two serially
connected tanks. A PID controller is implemented in a PC and by means of this we shall control
the water level in the tanks.
Preparations
To get out as much as possible of the lab you shall know the following concepts:




open and closed loop system
block diagram
reference value, process output, control signal
stationary error
You shall also have read through this lab manual, including the appendix on the user interface.
2. Elementary Concepts
This section deals with important concepts in automatic control. We shall also acquaint ourselves
with the properties of the process by manually controlling the water level in the tanks.
What is Good Control?
The reason one wants to control a process is to have it behave in a preferred way. This could
involve the process to become more exact, more reliable or more economic. In certain cases
processes are unstable and good control is necessary to prevent them from breaking (which could
cause large damage).
Good control, consequently, means different things for different applications.
When it comes to the tank process in this lab, the following requirements on the control could be
suitable:
 We obviously want the real tank level to coincide with our reference (so that process output =
reference value).
 If the reference value is changed we want the tank level to adjust to the new reference fast
and without large overshoots.
 The control ought to handle disturbances in the form of load disturbances, when the process
is affected by an external signal, and measurement noise, when the measurement of the
process output contains some sort of error or disturbance.
 Finally, we don’t want the control signal to the pump to be too “jerky” because this causes
unnecessary wear.
These properties are usually important in most applications. Can you think of any other
requirements one could impose on good control?
Examination of the Process
Assignment 2.1 Acquaint yourself with the lab equipment. How can we introduce load
disturbances? Is there any measurement noise in the process and can we affect its extent? Mark
the process and the controller together with control signal and process output in figure 2 below.
Block Diagram Representation
To describe a control system it can often be suitable to use block diagrams. A block diagram is a
schematic drawing of a system, where one has abstracted away all properties of the different
subsystems, except those one is interested in. In this case we are interested in the relation
between reference value, measured process output and control signal.
Aided by block diagrams, one can easier understand and analyze a process. It is of great
importance to understand the relation between the real process and the block diagram.
Assignment 2.2 Draw a block diagram for the lab setup when a controller controls the level in
one of the tanks. Mark the process, control signal and measured process output also here.
Convince yourself that you understand the relation between the components in the block diagram
and the different parts of the real process.
Open Loop Control
We differentiate between open loop control (program control, feed forward) and closed loop
control (feedback). In open loop control, as opposed to closed loop control, the value of the
control signal does not depend on the measured process output. The control signal is instead
based on a model or tables similar to the one below. For the tank process open loop control
means that we should control the tank level without knowing the present level.
Before we experiment with open loop control we first have to construct a simple model of the
tank process. Log in according to your lab assistant’s instructions. Set the controller to manual
mode. You can now directly affect the control signal, yourself, (i.e. the voltage to the pump) and
thereby the flow to the upper tank.
Assignment 2.3 Adjust the control signal so that the level in the upper tank settles at
approximately 5 cm. Note the corresponding control signal in the table below.
Repeat the experiment for the levels 10 cm and 15 cm, respectively. Draw a diagram where the
control signal is given as a function of the level. (Don’t forget that the curve should pass through
the origin!) Can you explain the shape of the curve? You may assume that the flow is
proportional to the control signal.
Assignment 2.4 Adjust the control signal to the pump so that the level in the upper tank settles at
10 cm. Try, guided by your model from the previous assignment, to change the level by
approximately 3 cm when your partner obscures the upper tank. What happens if your partner
opens the valve without informing you?
Closed Loop Control
Now you have access to the measured process output, i.e. the real tank level, and your visual
impressions can be fed back to control the tank level, cf. figure 4.
Assignment 2.5 Again, try to change the level by 3 cm. What is limiting how fast you can
change the level? Observe that you should still control the tank manually! Next, try to keep the
tank level constant while your partner generates load disturbances. What is preferable, open or
closed loop control? Why?
In the remainder of the lab we stick to closed loop control.
Comparison between the Upper and Lower Tanks
We shall now study how control of the upper tank differs from control of the lower tank.
Assignment 2.6 Switch to the lower tank and repeat the experiments from assignment 2.5.
Obscure the upper tank! What is limiting the speed? Which tank is easier to control? Why?
3. Control
We shall now use different controllers to control the levels in the tanks. A controller compares
the reference value with the measured process output and computes an “appropriate” control
signal.
P-control
To start with, we incorporate a proportional controller (P-controller). The control signal u is
calculated according to the following relation
where r is the reference value and y is the measured process output. In our case this means that
the voltage to the pump is proportional to the control error e=r-y. The constant K is usually called
the gain of the controller.
Assignment 3.1 We shall now examine how the properties of the controller depend on the gain
K. Return to the upper tank and set the reference value to approximately 8 cm prior to each
experiment. Examine how well the tank level follows changes in the reference value. Start with
K =10. Increase the reference value by 3 cm. Wait until the level is constant and subsequently
reset the reference value. Is there a difference in behavior between positive and negative change
in reference value? Repeat the experiment with K = 3 and K = 30. How do control error and
speed depend on the gain K? Increase K to 40 and repeat the above changes in reference value.
Does the result differ from what we obtained with K = 30? Explain!
Study how the system behaves when load disturbances are introduced. Generate both step
disturbances (in the upper tank) by means of the valve and impulse disturbances by pouring
water directly into the upper tank. How does the behavior change when K is varied? How is the
system affected by measurement noise? Vary the gain K and study especially the appearance of
the control signal. Give a reasonable value for K.
Assignment 3.2 Now experiment with P-control of the lower tank. Repeat the experiments of
assignment 3.1. Try for example K = 3, 10, 30.
Assignment 3.3 Discuss the difference between P-control of the upper and lower tank. Are the
results satisfactional? Any problems with the control? Give reasonable values of K for both
cases. What constitutes an upper limit on K, for the two cases, respectively?
To Think About How could one estimate a reasonable start value for K if it was not given?
How could one modify the control law of the P-controller so that the stationary error vanishes?
PI-control
A problem with P-control is, as we have seen, that one can end up with a persisting control error.
To counteract this, it is natural to increase the control signal as long as the reference value is
smaller than the process output. A way to do this is to let the control signal depend also on the
integral of the control error. In a PI-controller, the control signal u is calculated according to the
relation
where e is the control error, e = r−y. The voltage to the pump is now given as the sum of two
terms. The first consists of a constant K times the control error and this term is usually called the
P-part of the controller (cf. P-controller). The second term is given by a constant K/Ti times the
integral of the control error. This part of the sum is consequently called the I-part (integral part)
of the controller, and it changes as long as the measured process output differs from the reference
value, cf. figure 5.
Ti is called the integral time because it has the dimension time. Observe that Ti does not influence
the integration limits.
If the control signal u saturates (reaches its max- or min value) and there is a persisting control
error e, the integral part could impose a problem. It continues to grow and wants to “go at it even
harder” despite that the maximal control action is already issued. When the control error has
vanished and it is time to crank down the control signal, it remains on its maximum because the
integral has grown and obtained a too large value. This phenomenon, which can result in large
overshoots or even instability, is known as integrator wind-up. The lab software therefore has a
so called anti wind-up protection scheme, counteracting this.
Assignment 3.4 Experiment with PI-control of the upper tank. Vary the integral time Ti and study
how the responses to reference value changes and load disturbances are affected. Set K = 10 and
change Ti from 50 down to 5.
Assignment 3.5 Experiment with different values on K and Ti. Give a suitable setting for a PIcontroller of the upper tank. Which are the pros / cons compared to P-control?
Assignment 3.6 Try PI-control of the lower tank. Can you find suitable values of K and Ti?
PID-control
Sometimes additional information about the process is required to obtain good control. For
example the derivative of the control error gives an estimate of future values of the error, see
figure 6. By letting the control signal depend also on the derivative of the control error, one
obtains a control signal which increases when the error increases and decreases when the error
decreases. This results in “smoother” control as one approaches the reference value. If we extend
the PI-controller to include derivative action, we obtain a PID-controller where the control signal
u is given by
𝑑𝑒
The output of the controller now consists of a P-part, an I-part and a D-part (𝐾𝑇𝑑 𝑑𝑡 ). Td is
called the derivative time of the controller. It can be interpreted as a prediction horizon, see
figure 6.
Assignment 3.7 First try to control the upper tank with a PID-controller. Start with the best
values found for K and Ti when experimenting with PI-control of the upper tank. Does control
performance increase or decrease when adding the D-part? Explanation?
Assignment 3.8 Try to find a good PID-setting for level control of the lower tank. Start with the
best values of K and Ti found for PI-control of the lower tank. Examine the influence of the Dpart by varying Td from 5 to 50. Conclusion?
4. Tuning Methods
We have now seen how the P-, I- and D-parts affect the behavior of the control system.
This is of course of great importance, but when tuning the controller one also wants to know
what initial values of K, Ti and Td should be chosen in order to avoid an all too lengthy tuning
process. If dealing with a slow process, one could need to wait for hours, or even days, to
evaluate whether the control works satisfactory.
Model Based Controller Design If we have access to a mathematical model of the process, we
can exploit it to calculate the controller parameters. This is usually called model based controller
design and is treated in lab 2.
Experimental Methods A different way to obtain controller parameters is to conduct simple
experiments to gain knowledge of the process dynamics (behavior). Subsequently, known rules
of thumb are used to tune the controller. The experimental methods do not guarantee good
controller settings but often give reasonable initial values for the controller parameters. Today
there exists a large number of different experimental methods for tuning PID-parameters. The
perhaps most known, but not necessarily best, are the Ziegler-Nichols methods.
Auto Tuning Today some commercial PID-controllers have built in tuning functions for
automatic controller tuning. These functions are often based on some experimental method, cf.
the above section.
Assignment 4.1 Demonstration The lab assistant shows how an industrial controller can be used
to control the tank process. Especially, auto tuning of the controller is demonstrated.
5. Summary
Assignment 5.1 Summarize the most important differences between open loop control (feed
forward, program control) and closed loop control (feedback).
Assignment 5.2 Discuss pros and cons of P-, PI- and PID-control of the upper and lower tank,
respectively. Especially, answer the following questions and fill out the below table.
How is the control performance affected if the gain K is small / large? (How is the answer
affected by reference value changes and load disturbances? How is the control signal affected?
How is the stationary error affected?) How is the control performance affected if the integral
time Ti is small / big? How is the control performance affected if the derivative time Td is small /
big? Difference between the upper and lower tank?
Table of suitable controller settings (bring this to lab 2!)
User Interface for Labs 1 and 2
Here follows a short description of the user interface of the software which is used during the
tank labs. The interface consists of two windows: the “Process window” and the “Controller
window”.
The Process Window
This window gives an overview of the lab setup and shows how the various process objects are
interconnected, see figure 7. To the right of the center line, real world objects are shown. We
find for example a picture of the pump and animations of the water tanks together with blocks
corresponding to the level sensors. To the left of the center line are the objects which have been
implemented in the computer.
Most important is the PID controller, but here are also different controls and switches.
On the centerline, which constitutes a border between computer and reality, we find blocks
which represent D/A- and A/D converters. These convert signals in Volts to digital numbers and
vice versa (10 V corresponds to the digital number 1).
By moving the cursor to locations in the window, where there are measurable entities, (electric
conductor, tanks with water levels and outflows, etc.) one can see their present values in the
“Probe box”, bottom right. By using the mouse and keyboard the following operations can be
carried out:
Manual / PID.
By clicking on the upper switch one chooses between manual- and PID-control of the pump.
The current control mode is indicated by the window title and the routing of the virtual wires.
Upper / lower tank. By clicking on the lower switch, one can choose whether the controller
should control the upper or lower tank, i.e. if the process output
measurement should be taken from the upper or lower tank. Also current tank selection is
indicated by the window title and the routing of the virtual wires.
Reference value. The control marked r is used to set the reference value (between 0 and 1). The
value is changed by pulling the triangle to the desired position with the mouse. Alternatively, one
can click in the box where the present value is shown and enter a new value.
Manual control. The control marked um is used to control the pump when it is driven manually.
The value is changed in the same way as the reference value, cf. the above item.
Optimal. This function only works when controlling the lower tank. A time optimal controller is
used to change the level in the lower tank to the reference value.
The function can be used fast ”reset” of the process between two experiments.
The Controller Window
This window shows the interconnections within the controller. Additionally, reference value and
control signal are shown in two diagrams. At the upper left a block diagram of the controller is
shown. By clicking the different blocks one can activate the P-, I- and D-parts independent of
each other. In figure 8 the P- and I-parts are active, and we have a PI controller. The control
marked r is used as before to set the reference value.
At the lower left there are three controls for changing the controller parameters K, Ti and Td. Also
the title of this window indicates whether the upper or lower tank is chosen and whether the
pump is controlled manually or by the controller. To the right, two plot windows are shown. In
the upper the reference value r is shown, while the lower shows the control signal u together with
its components P, I and D.
The length of the time axis corresponds to 100 seconds when the upper tank is chosen and 400
seconds when the lower tank is chosen. Observe that the upper plot can be frozen using the
button “Freeze Plot”.
Semester Projects
Here are a list of projects for teams of 2or 3 students per project.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Project Proposal: (Due September 20th and 22nd )
General Formal Technical Proposal Requirements (10 Points)
Bound
One-inch margins, 12pt type
Theme that carries through entire document
All figures have titles at the bottom (Figure X. WIP Block Diagram.)
All tables have titles at the top (Table X. WIP Major Deliverables.)
Figures and Tables must be referenced in the document prior to their presentation, but the
presentation should be as close to the first reference as possible. EXAMPLE -- As shown
in Figure 1, the project will have three distinct……… NEVER use “above” or “below”
in referencing a figure or table.
Use color to help the reader. Don’t overuse color and never use anything but black type
Each major Section should begin at the top of a new page
Cover Page
Project Name
Project Sponsor
Project Advisor
Team/Company Name
Name of each team member (must be on this page)
Date
Name and Signature of Reviewer
Section I – Introduction (10 Points)
A. General – Focus the reader’s attention to the importance / relevance of the problem /
opportunity that has mandated the project. Start with big-picture view and narrow
this to the level of the project. (2 points)
B. Background – Provide the reader with information that describes the current
environment and what events have caused the creation of the project. (2 Points)
C. Technical Challenge – Present the major technical challenges that will need to be
addressed by the project team in order to accomplish the scope of work, on time, and
on budget. Use the Technical Merit Factor Table to summarize the weight
assessment performed by the project team. Remember these are maximum weights –
a small amount of software development is not deserving of 0.3. (2 Points)
D. Benefits – Explain why this project is being conducted and what it will provide as the
overall benefits to the sponsor and other stakeholders. Clearly indicate IP
ownership of all intellectual property/know-how that is created as part of this
project. (2 Points)
E. Proposal Structure – Briefly describe how the proposal is organized. (2 Points)
Section II – Project Scope (20 Points)
Explain the objectives of the project. What will the project provide and what will it not
provide. Explain any assumptions that have been made in planning the project. Present and
describe your conceptual design using a high-level diagram that depicts general requirements for
hardware, software, integration, and testing. As part of this section, include your test matrix
with a discussion of how the series of tests will validate that all functional requirements
have been achieved. Discussion should also describe the transition of your test matrix into
a test plan which will be used to generate the test report.
Section III – Statement of Work (50 Points)
A. Project Design – Expand the conceptual design to provide functional block diagrams
with more detailed information and figures as you present your functional design.
Demonstrate understanding of design/development requirements by discussing signal
characterization and algorithms to be implemented. (15 points)
B. Work to be Performed – Use a Work Breakdown Structure and describe the project in
terms of tasks and subtasks. WBS should indicate the inter-relationship of subtasks to
tasks. Also include a Responsibility Assignment Matrix to clearly delineate each
team member’s responsibility on a task-by-task basis and the number of man-hours
that will be expended by each team member. (5 Points)
C. Precedence Diagram. Using a Network Logic Diagram fully explain the process used
to determine overall project duration and the critical path for your project. Explain
what total float is and how this will impact the management of critical path tasks.
Present your critical path and discuss the tasks that appear on this path. (5 Points)
D. Task Schedule - Use Gantt Charts to establish the actual time line for all project tasks.
The Gantt Chart information for project length, critical path and tasks must totally
agree with information obtained using other project management tools. Present the
summary graph of all level “0” phases and then a additional chart for each phase of
the project. (5 Points)
E. Milestones – At each Technical Assistance Team meeting, new milestones should
represent demonstrations of work accomplished during the past week. Articulate the
major milestones that will be achieved and when these milestones are scheduled to be
completed. A timeline of the milestones, together with a detailed explanation of
each milestone, is required. (5 Points)
F. Deliverables – List and provide detailed description for ALL deliverables that will
come from the project. Give a clear picture of the deliverable so that stakeholders
have a good understanding of what will be received in form and quality. Because
deliverables will be used as one of the primary project management tools during the
execution phase of the project, this section should receive considerable attention –
with ALL deliverables being presented and described in detail. A summary chart
indicating each deliverable, the individual with primary responsibility and the due
date associated with each deliverable must be included. In addition, a separate timeoriented graph of all deliverables must be included in the proposal. (10 Points)
G. Sponsor Requirements – Present any additional requirements that the SPONSOR has
generated that will directly or indirectly impact your project scope, its time, or its
costs. These requirements are in addition to those imposed by this course. An
example would be presenting a paper on the results of your project at a national show
or conference. If no additional requirements have been generated, a statement must
be included to that effect. (5 Points)
Section IV - Team Organization and Qualifications (10 Points)
A. Hierarchy Chart - Develop an organizational chart for your team and describe the
primary duties and responsibilities of each member.
B. Member Qualifications – Describe each team member’s qualifications and experience
that justifies this individual’s participation in the project. Include resumes for each
member as an appendix to your proposal. Take some liberty in this section to
“upgrade” each team member’s experience and qualifications
Project deliverables:
 Complete professional documentation
 All NI Simulation Printout
 Hardware
 Fully functional demo
 Formal presentation in class
 Video of the working demo (3-5 min)