Latin America in the World
DR. JOSEPH S. TULCHIN
This course goes beyond the usual study of hemispheric affairs. It deliberately inserts
Latin America into the discussion of U.S. relations with Latin America and U.S. policy
in the hemisphere. To do that properly, we begin by putting hemispheric relations into
historical perspective and then proceeding to study the way in which Latin American
nations see the U.S. and how they deal with international affairs, and how each of these
has changed over time. We will study how Latin American nations define their
strategic interests.
The second half of the course will focus on the period at the end of the Cold War and
its aftermath, when more and more of the nations of Latin America came to seek
autonomy from the U.S. in their foreign policy and national security policy. It is a
period also that is particularly significant because of the transition to democracy
throughout the region. Democracy presumes an active citizenry who express their
opinions on matters of concern to them. It also presumes institutions that provide
structure and legitimacy for the process of formulating public policies. Today, virtually
every country in the hemisphere has begun to discuss its foreign policy in an
increasingly public manner and to define for itself what its national interests are. Can
the nations of Latin America achieve autonomy from the U.S.? Can the U.S. get over
its hegemonic posture in Latin America?
The underlying concept in the course is agency: how nations become conscious of their
ability to play a role in world affairs; how they determine what that role will be; and,
how they understand their capacity for international action.
For those who read Spanish or Portuguese (not required), there are suggestions for
additional reading at various points on the syllabus
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Class One (Jan 24): Agency and Foreign Policy. To be in the World
Reading: Joseph Nye, Soft Power
Class Two (Jan 31): Historical antecedents and contesting visions: the Monroe Doctrine
and the Bolivarian ideal
Reading: Felix Gilbert, To the Farewell Address
The Monroe Doctrine
Tulio Halperin Donghi, The Independence of Latin America
John C. Chasteen, Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for
Independence
Ron Seckinger, The Brazilian Monarchy and the South
American Republics
H. S. Bierck, ed., The Letters of Simon Bolivar
B. Mitre, La vida de Manuel Belgrano
Class Three (Feb 7): U. S. Expansion vs Latin American Boundary Disputes
Reading: R A. Billington, Westward Expansion, Section Three
T. Ray Shurbutt, ed., United States-Latin American Relations,
1800-1850
John C. Chasteen, Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin
America
Class Four (Feb 14): The beginnings of U. S. imperialism
Reading: E. R. May, An Essay on American Imperialism
Michael Hunt, The American Ascendancy
W. A. Williams, “Brooks Adams and American Expansion,”
New England Quarterly, v. 25, #2 (June 1952)
Class Five (Feb 21): The Latin American Response
Reading: Jose Enrique Rodo, Ariel (in English)
Ruben Dario, poems
C. Calvo, Derecho Internacional teorico y practico
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Class Six (Feb 28): The Beginnings of Agency in Latin America:
Chile, Brazil and Argentina
Reading: R. Burr, By Reason or Force: Chile and the Balancing of Power in South
America, 1830-1905
L. Bethell, “Nabuco e O Brxasil entre Europea, Estados Unidos e
America Latina,” Novos Estudos, 88 (2010) [also in Eng]
E. B. Burns, The Unwritten Alliance
T. F. McGann, Argentina, The United States and the InterAmerican System
Class Seven (Mar 6): Evolving U.S. hegemony in the hemisphere
Reading: D.G. Munro, U.S. Intervention in the Caribbean
J. S. Tulchin, Aftermath of War
Bryce Wood, Making of the Good Neighbor Policy
Francisco Cuevas Cancino, Roosevelt y la Buena Vecindad
F. E. Schuler, Mexico Between Hitler and Roosevelt
Class Eight (Mar 13): The Cold War and the National Security State
Reading Alan McPherson, Yankee No! Anti-Americanism in
U.S.-Latin American Relations
Tulchin, "The United States and Latin America in the 1960s,"
Journal of Inter-American Studies, 30, #1 (Spring 1988)
Tulchin,"The Latin American Policy of Lyndon B. Johnson," in
Warren Cohen and Nancy Tucker, eds., The Foreign Policy of Lyndon B.
Johnson (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994)
Stephen G. Rabe, Eisenhower and Latin America
P. Gleijeses, Shattered Hope
`
Spring Break (Mar 20)
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Class Nine (Mar 27): The Latin American reaction,
Phase One: nationalism and anti-imperialism
Reading: Leopoldo Zea, Latin America and the World
Victor Alba, Alliance without Allies
F. H. Cardoso and Enzo Faletto, Dependency Theory
Juan Bosch, Pentagonism: A Substitute for Imperialism
Eduardo Galeano, Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the
Pillage of a Continent
Class Ten (Apr 3): The Latin American reaction,
Phase Two: searching for their own geopolitical role
Reading: Muñoz y Tulchin, Latin American Nations in World Politics
Strategic Culture: read any two studies found at
http://strategicculture.fiu.edu/studies.aspx
A. van Klaveren, "America Latina: Antecedentes y proyecciones
futuras," Cuadernos Semestrales, Num 8(1980)
Eduardo Hill and L. Tomassini, eds., America Latina y el Nuevo Orden Economico
Internacional
Heraldo Muñoz, "Interdependencia desigual; las relaciones
económicas entre EEUU y América Latina," ibid.
R. Fontaine, et al, "las relaciones interamericanas...," Cuadernos
Semestrales, Num 9 (1981);
Class 11 (Apr 10): Case Studies: Argentina, Brazil and Chile
Reading: R. Roett, Brazil: Politics in a Patrimonial Society
A. Stepan, ed., Democratizing Brazil
Frank D. McCann, The Brazilian American Alliance
Antonio Carlos Pereira, et al, Brazilian Foreign Policy. Present and Future
Sean W. Burges, Brazilian Foreign Policy After the Cold War
Tulchin and A. Varas, From Dictatorship to Democracy
Tulchin, Argentina and the United States
Ana Margheritis, Argentina’s Foreign Policy
Mario Rapoport, Gran Bretaña, Estados Unidos y las clases
dirigentes argentinas: 1940-45
Carlos Escudé, Foreign Policiy Theory in Menem’s Argentina
Muñoz and Carlos Portales, Chile y Los EEUU. Una amistad esquiva
Revista Argentina de Relaciones Internacionales (1975 - 1982)
Estudios Internacionales
Archivos del Presente
Jesus Rodriguez, El caso Chile. La Guerra fria y la influencia argentina
en la transicion democratica.
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Class 12 (Apr 17): The Cold War and The Central Americanization of U.S. Policy
Reading, Hal Brands, Latin America’s Cold War
C. Eguizabal, America Latina y la Crisis Centro-Americana: en busca
De una solucion regional
L. Maira, "Nota preliminar sobre la influencia creciente del
pensamiento de la nueva derecha norteamericana en la America Latina," in
Maira, ed., America Latina y la Crisis de Hegemonia Norteamericana
Tulchin, "EEUU y la crisis en Centroamerica: una perspectiva
histórica," en Juan Del Aguila et al, Realidades y Posibilidades de las Relaciones
Entre España y America en los Ochenta (ICI)
Francisco Rojas A. & Luis Guillermo Solis R, ?Subditos o Aliados?
L. Maira, "Los intereses políticos y estratégicos de EEUU en
America del Sur," (Santiago, Comisión Sudamericana de Paz, 1989)
Class 13 (Apr 24): Can Latin American nations achieve agency?
Reading: Kristina Mani, Democratization and Military Transformation in Argentina
And Chile
Stewart Patrick and Shepard Forman, Multilateralism and U.S. Foreign Policy,
chapters 1, 5, and 17
Andrew Cooper and Thomas Legler, The OAS Defense and Promotion
of Democracy in the Americas
V.P. Vaky and H. Muñoz, The Future of the OAS
Heraldo Muñoz, ed., Environment and Diplomacy in the Americas
Ricardo Lagos, The Southern Tiger: Chile’s Fight for a Democratic and
Prosperous Future
Marco Aurelio Garcia, Sudamerica Siglo XXI, in Archivos del Presente (14,
#53/54)
C. Portales, comp, El mundo en transición y America Latina
R. Russell, comp., La agenda internacional en los años 90
Manfred Wilhelmy, ed., La formacion de la politica exterior
Heraldo Muñoz, ed., Las politicas exteriores de American Latina y el Caribe:
Continuidad en la Crisis
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Class 14 (May 1): What lies ahead? Hegemony vs. Autonomy
Reading: Muñoz and Tulchin, eds., Latin American Nations in World Politics
Tulchin and Espach, eds., Latin America in the New World System
Tulchin and R. Hernandez, Cuba and the United States
Foreign Affairs
Foreign Policy
Tulchin, "The Formulation of U.S. Foreign Policy in the Caribbean,"
The Annals (May 1994)
Robert A. Pastor, Exiting the Whirlpool. U.S. Foreign Policy Toward
Latin America and the Caribbean
Jorge I. Dominguez and Rafael Fernandez de Castro, eds., Contemporary
U.S.-Latin American Relations
Colin I. Bradford, Jr., Strategic Options for Latin America in the 1990s
(Paris: OECD, 1992)
CLADDE-FLACSO, Cambios globales y American Latina. Algunos
temas de la transicion estrategica
Andres Serbin y J. S. Tulchin, eds., El Caribe y Cuba en la
Posguerra Fria (Caracas: Nueva Sociedad, 1994)
L. Guillermo Solis y F. Rojas Aravena, eds., De la guerra a la integracion: La
Transicion y la seguridad en Centroamerica (San Jose: Fundacion Arias, 1994)
F. Rojas y W. C. Smith, eds., El Cono Sur y las transformaciones
globales (Santiago: FLACSO, 1993)
El Rompecabezas: Conformando la seguidad hemisféria en el siglo xxi,
with Raúl Benítez and Rut Diamint, eds. (Buenos Aires: Prometeo, 2006)
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