Ch 6 Part II Biological molecules
1. Name the 4 groups of Biological molecules for this chapter
2. What are two other names that carbohydrates can go by…
3. What three elements make up carbs?
4. What is the ratio of C:H:O?
5. n = the number or size of a carb… so if n = 6 the following gives you the number of elements in a
simple sugar (C H2 O)n So… C6H12O6 is what you get. This simple sugar is known as ______________.
6. An n of 4-6 gives you a simple __________________.
7. Glucose with an n=6 is a simple sugar and is also called a ___________ saccharide.
8. Two mono-saccharides joined together ma a ______ saccharide.
9. Three mono-saccharides make a _____ saccharide.
10. Many, many saccharides make a complex sugar called a __________ saccharide.
11. Glucose structurally makes a 6 sided ___________ ring.
12. Fructose, a simple sugar is a ____ sided carbon ring.
13. Glucose and fructose bonded together makes a di-saccharide which is called ______________;
everyday table sugar.
14. Which simple sugar (mono-saccharide) makes up DNA and RNA?
15. What do carbs give us..it is why we eat them.
16. What is the simple sugar found in carbs…it is the number 1 source of energy for us.
17. Eventually, glucose breaks down into __________ which is the form of energy a cell can use.
18. What happens to any extra glucose that we take in?
19. Where in the body is glucose stored?
20. In what form is glucose stored in the body?
21. What special carb is used by plants to form the cell wall of plants?
22. What polysaccharide form the hard shells of insects, shrimp and lobster.
23. Lipids are also called_____________.
24. Describe the size of fats….
25. how many parts are there to a fat?
26. Fats have a ___________ head and ________ _______ tails.
27. Fatty acid tails are long chains of hydro_______________.
28. Fatty acid tails can be ________________ or un-saturated. If un-saturated, the fatty acid is missing 2
_____________ around the carbons and forms a _____________ carbon bond.
29. Why do we get more energy from burning fats as opposed to carbs?
30. Leaves are coated with a special lipid to help the leaf stop the loss of _____________.
31. Special lipids known as phospholipids are made up of a _____________ head and two ____________
tails.
32. The cell membrane is made up of _____________ ____________ a special lipid.
33. Why use lipids to make up the cell membrane?
34. Steroids are fats and are used to make Vitamin D and what 2 steroid hormones?
35. Nucleic acids form what two molecules used to store and transfer genetic information?
36. DNA and RNA store and send _______________ information.
37. Nucleotides form nucleic acids…How many parts are there to a nucleotide?________
38. Name the parts of a nucleotide…
39. How many nitrogen bases are there to use in nucleotides to make up DNA?
40. Name the 4 nitrogen bases that make up DNA.
41. Name 2 nucleic acids…
42. DNA stands for…
43. RNA stands for…
44. Deoxy means that DNA has one less ____________.
45. The chain or back-bone of DNA comes from what two structures?
46. Draw a nucleotide chain using 3 bases..
6.3 Water and Solutions
1. Polarity means having ______________ ends like a battery.
2. Is water polar?
3. In water, where do electrons spend most of their time…hydrogen/oxygen?
4. So the Oxygen is _____________ charged and Hydrogen is ____________ charged.
5. Water is referred to as the _____________ solvent because it can dissolve so many things.
6. Water is a ___________ solvent because it dissolves polar solutes.
7. The latin “solvo” means…
8. Solvents break down solutes to form __________________.
9. Like dissolves like or polar solvents dissolve ____________ solutes.
10. Solutions have _____ parts. A solvent and the ________________.
11. The substance being dissolved is called the ___________________.
12. The ______________ is what is doing the dissolving.
13. Mixtures by definition do not chemically _______________.
14. A mixture is a combination of ___ or more substances.
15. In a mixture, each substance retains it’d _______________ and _____________ properties.
16. name the two types of mixtures….
17. Homogenous mixtures have a ________________ composition and looks the same throughout.
18. _____________________ mixtures cannot easily be easily separated.
19. ___________________ mixtures are not uniform throughout.
20. In a heterogenous mixture, all the different parts are easily seen and easily _______________ from
each other.
21. Identify the following mixtures…milk is ________________ and a salad is __________________.
22. ________________ are mixtures whose particles do not settle out.
23. Colloids have many parts, they just don’t ______________ easily.
24. Give 2 examples of a colloid.
25. Acids and bases are __________________ of a solution.
26. acids are solutions with a high concentration of high concentration of ________________ ions.
27. A base is a solution with a high concentration of ______________________ ions.
28. A base is also called an ___________________.
29. Acids/bases can be weak or __________________ depending on their concentration.
30. Cells can die if their environment is too ____________ or _____________.
31. The strength of an acid or a base is determined by the ________ scale.
32. 0 – 7 on the pH scale means your solution is ______________
33. 7 – 14 on the pH scale means your solution is______________.
34. 7 is said to be _______________ which is neither acidic or basic.
35. The ideal pH for cells is 6.5 to ______.
36. A pH buffer is something in the body that can keep pH in a certain _______________.
37. Carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions are pH _______________ to keep pH in control.