World History Quest: The Formation of Western Europe What was the chief goal of the Crusades? to recover Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks What were the problems identified by Church reformers during the Middle Ages? Village priests married and had families contrary to Church law. Bishops sold positions in the Church for money. Kings, rather than Church leaders, appointed bishops. What was the effect of the three-field system? Farmers produced more food and villagers had more to eat. What did the Magna Carta guarantee? basic legal rights What was the name of the legislative body of medieval England? parliament Which group was most responsible for the spread of the bubonic plague to Europe? Traders or merchants What are characteristics of Gothic architecture? sculpture stained.glass windows high, vaulted ceilings What was one negative effect of the Crusades that has continued to the present? Hostility between Muslims and Christians In what kind of language did Dante Alighieri and Geoffrey Chaucer write? Vernacular What did the devastation caused by the bubonic plague contribute to? The disruption and collapse of medieval society ***Short Answers are at the end of the vocabulary*** Simony - the practice of selling church positions Inquisition – the Church court used in Spain to persecute Jews and Muslims Guild – acts like a modern day union in an organization of workers in the same occupation Magna Carta – the Great Charter; it’s what America based its Bill of Rights provided basic legal rights Gothic – a new style of architecture that rose up and defined the Age of Faith Three-Field System – a new style of farming that allowed farmers to rotate crops and in turn grow more food Commercial Revolution – a time period that saw great progress in trade and business Crusades – a series of Holy wars to gain control of the Holy Land Bubonic Plague – a deadly disease that caused 1/3 of Europe’s population to die Vernacular – the everyday language of the people Great Schism – the great split in the Catholic Church over who was the true pope Parliament – the legislative branch of the English government Reconquista – the organize effort to drive the Muslims out of Spain Describe the Crusades. (What were they? Why were they fought? Who started them? Who fought against whom? ) A long series of wars between Christians and Muslims They fought over control of Jerusalem which was called the Holy Land Pope Urban II called for the defeat of the Turks (Muslims), returning the Holy Land to the Christians The Christians and the Turks Why did the Gothic style of church develop during this time period? (how did it show what was happening in society). Describe the difference between a Romanesque style church and a Gothic style church, and provide four examples. Middle Ages was known as the Age of Faith. Religion took priority in the daily life of the people. Churches gained a lot of power and wealth. The Church became the center of people’s lives. People decided to build “God’s House” in honor of Him. As it became more important it also became the social center. A change in the style of the church reflected this With the Church becoming more important we see a change from the Romanesque style to the Gothic Style The traditional Romanesque church was all of these things: Stain glass – traditional, basic, and usually tells a story Dark, dim and closed in Low ceilings “boring” dull simple barrel vaults – rounded few small windows rounded arches closed in – more wall space The traditional Gothic style church was all of these things: stain glass – usually more decorative, an example is the Rose Glass light and open high ceilings fancy and decorative rib vaults – arched or pointed many large open windows pointed arches more open – less wall space