Chapter 3 Study Guide “Elements, Atoms, and Ions”
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What were did some of the early “chemists” or alchemists try to create?
What are elements? How many elements are presently known?
What are 3 things that elements are named after?
Provide a list of elements whose names begin with the letter C.
List the 7 diatomic molecules.
What are ions?
Who discovered the Plum Pudding model? Draw the model.
Explain what Rutherford’s gold foil experiment proved.
James Chadwick discovered which particle?
How is a photon, or light particle, produced?
Provide the charge and the locations of each of the subatomic particles.
AZX notation is used for what?
What is an anion and how is it formed? What is a cation and how is it made?
Fill in the chart below.
Element X exists in three forms – a neutral atom, an isotope, and an ion. What do
these three forms have in common and what do they not have in common?
Chapter 3 Study Guide “Elements, Atoms, and Ions”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
What were did some of the early “chemists” or alchemists try to create?
What are elements? How many elements are presently known?
What are 3 things that elements are named after?
Provide a list of elements whose names begin with the letter C.
List the 7 diatomic molecules.
What are ions?
Who discovered the Plum Pudding model? Draw the model.
Explain what Rutherford’s gold foil experiment proved.
James Chadwick discovered which particle?
How is a photon, or light particle, produced?
Provide the charge and the locations of each of the subatomic particles.
AZX notation is used for what?
What is an anion and how is it formed? What is a cation and how is it made?
Fill in the chart below.
Element X exists in three forms – a neutral atom, an isotope, and an ion. What do
these three forms have in common and what do they not have in common?
Chpt 3 Study Guide Answer Key
1. What was the primary goal of alchemists?
a. Turn metals into gold
2. What are elements? How many elements are presently known?
a. An element is a pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down into
a simpler form of matter (unlike compounds). There are currently 118
elements, 92 of which are naturally occurring.
3. What are 3 things that elements are named after? Many of the elements have symbols
that do not match their name. Why is this?
a. People, countries, properties
b. The symbols are based on the element’s original Greek, Latin name
4. Provide a list of elements whose names begin with the letter C.
a. calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), carbon (C), chlorine (Cl), chromium (Cr), cesium
(Cs), cerium (Ce), californium (Cf), cadmimum (Cd)
5. List the 7 diatomic molecules.
a. hydrogen – H2, nitrogen – N2, oxygen – O2, fluorine – F2, chlorine – Cl,
bromine – Br2, iodine – I2
6. What are ions?
a. Ions are atoms that contain a charge.
7. Who discovered the Plum Pudding model? Draw and label the model.
a. J.J. Thomson 8. Explain what Rutherford’s gold foil experiment proved.
a. Rutherford’s gold foil experiment proved that atoms contained a center of
positive charge (nucleus filled with protons). The rest of the atom was made
of empty space where the electrons are located.
9. James Chadwick discovered which particle? Neutron
10. How is a photon, or light particle, produced?
a. A photon is produced when an electron falls down from the excited state
(higher energy) back to the ground state (lower energy). An atom is excited
when it is exposed to a form of high energy (heat, electricity, light)
11. Provide the charge and the locations of each of the subatomic particles.
a. protons – positive charge, nucleus
b. neutrons – neutral, nucleus
c. electron – negative, orbits
12. AZX notation is used for what? AZX notation is used to distinguish between
isotopes of an element
13. What is an anion and how is it formed? What is a cation and how is it made?
a. A cation is positive ion due to the lose of electrons
b. An anion is a negative ion due to the gain of electrons
14. Fill in the chart below.
Element
Symbol
Atomic
Number
Osmium Os
76
Lithium
Li+
3
40
Calcium
20
20Ca
41
Calcium
Ca
20
20
Fluorine
F
9
Mass
Number
190
7
40
41
19
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
76
3
20
20
9
114
4
20
21
10
76
2
20
20
10
15. Element X exists in three forms – a neutral atom, an isotope, and an ion. What do
these three forms have in common and what do they not have in common?
a. A neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons. An isotope
has the same atomic number (protons), but a different mass number due to a
different number of neutrons. An ion has a more or less electrons.