BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
Subject Code: ML601
Credits: 4:0:1
Prerequisite: Nil
Rationale: Recent advances in medical field have been fuelled by the instruments developed by the BioMedical and Instrumentation Engineers. Bedside patient monitoring systems, Medical diagnostic systems are
few names which have been contributed by engineers. Now health care industry uses many instruments which
are to be looked after by instrumentation engineers. This subject will enable the students to learn the basic
principles of different instruments/equipment used in the health care industry. Proficiency in this area will
widen the knowledge and skill of graduates in the field of biomedical instrumentation
Unit - I
Patient Monitoring Systems: System concepts, cardiac monitor, bedside patient monitoring systems, central
monitors
Foetal Monitoring Instruments: Cardiotochograph, Monitoring Foetal heart rate & labour activity
Blood gas analyzers: Measurement of Blood PH, Blood PO2 & PCO2, A complete Blood Gas analyzer
Unit - II
Respiratory measurements: Instrumentation & mechanism for breathing, Respiratory therapy equipments
Pulmonary function analysers: Pulmonary function measurement, Spirometry, Pneumotachometers,
Pulmonary function analyser, Respiratory gas analyser
Ventilators: need for ventilators, Types – manual & automatic, Oxygen therapy, Special equipments –
Control & conditioning devices, IPPB ventilator
Unit – III
Audiometers: Audiometry, types & causes of hearing losses, basic audiometer & audiograms, pure tone
audiometer & speech audiometer tests, Evoked response audiometry system
Hearing aids: Basic scheme, Electro acoustic properties, Types of hearing aids, cochlear implants
Oximeters: Oximetry, ear oximeter, pulse oximeter, skin reflectance oximeters, intravascular oximeter.
Unit - IV
Oxygenators: Bubble oxygenator, thin film oxygenator, membrane oxygenator
Cardiac Pacemakers: : need for pacemakers, external & implantable pacemakers, pacing system analyzer
Cardiac Defibrillators: Based on the location, based on the mode of operation, Defibrillator electrode,
cardioverters
Unit - V
Arrhythmia & Ambulatory Monitoring Instruments: Cardiac Arrhythmias & ambulatory monitoring
instruments, arrhythmia monitor
Hemodialyser: Dialysis, Ideal kidney characteristics, Dialysis membrane, Dialyser machines – Coil type,
Parallel plate type & Hollow fibre type, electronic control & monitoring – blood leak detector, temperature &
conductivity measurement
Lithotripsy: Percutaneous removal of kidney stones, extracorporeal type
LABORATORY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Determination of Respiratory Rate using Temperature Transducer
Pulse Rate using Photo Transducer
Determination of Hearing Loss by Air conduction & bone Conduction tests using Audiometer
Demonstration & Study of:
a. Respiratory rate using Temperature Transducer
b. Pulse Rate using Photo Transducer
Output Characteristics of recorded Bio Signal using: X-Y Recorder/ X-t Recorder
Principle & Working of Ultrasound Scanner
Demonstration of interfacing the following equipment:
a. Oximeter
b. Spirometer
c. Ventilator
d. Haemodialysis Machine
e. Physiotherapy Equipment
f. Electrotherapy Equipment
Determination of percentage Transmittance, Absorbance & Concentration of given solutions
using Spectrophotometer
Text Book(s):
1. Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation – by R. S. Khandpur, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw
Hill, 2003
Reference(s):
1. Bioinstrumentation , John G Webster, Wiley India Publications, 2007