Effective Instructional Cycle (Pedagogy)
Gagne’s 9 Events of Instruction (Andragogy)
1. Review – Quick review or demonstration of knowledge/skill of
previously learned material.
2. Objective – Description of the knowledge/skill to be learned, and
the conditions under which competency will be demonstrated.
3. Linking Statement – Description of how new knowledge or skill
relates to previously learned knowledge or skills.
4. Relevance Statement – Description of why the new skill is
important, useful, and where it will be applied.
5. Demonstration- Instructor physically models the new skill, or
thinks out loud, modeling covert thinking and application of
knowledge.
6. Guided Practice – Instructor provides scaffolded support to
participants in physically demonstrating the new skill, or thinks out
loud, modeling covert thinking and application of knowledge.
7. Independent Practice – Participant’s independently demonstrate
the new knowledge or skill, and without scaffolded support. The
focus is to assess for independent use of the knowledge or skill.
1. Gain attention - Present a good problem, a new situation, use a
multimedia advertisement, ask questions. This helps to ground the
lesson, and to motivate
2. Describe the learning objective - State what students will be able
to accomplish and how they will be able to use the knowledge,
give a demonstration if appropriate. Allows students to frame
information, i.e. treat it better.
3. Stimulate recall of prior knowledge - Remind the student of prior
knowledge relevant to the current lesson (facts, rules, procedures
or skills). Show how knowledge is connected, provide the student
with a framework that helps learning and remembering. Tests can
be included.
4. Present the material to be learned - Text, graphics, simulations,
figures, pictures, sound, etc. Chunk information (avoid memory
overload, recall information).
5. Provide guidance for learning - Presentation of content is different
from instructions on how to learn. Use of different channel (e.g.
side-boxes)
6. Elicit performance "practice" - Let the learner do something with
the newly acquired behavior, practice skills or apply knowledge. At
least use MCQ's.
7. Provide informative feedback - Show correctness of the trainee's
response, analyze learner's behavior, maybe present a good (stepby-step) solution of the problem
8. Assess performance test - If the lesson has been learned. Also give
sometimes general progress information
9. Enhance retention and transfer - Inform the learner about similar
problem situations, provide additional practice. Put the learner in a
transfer situation. Maybe let the learner reviews the lesson.