Trimester 3 Midterm Study Guide
Directions: Answer each question with complete sentences by using your notes, quizzes, books, or whatever else you
can to find the right answers.
1. What type of reproduction do single-celled organisms use to produce offspring?
2. What type of reproduction do multi-celled organisms use to produce offspring?
3. What is a genotype? List 3 examples.
4. What is a phenotype? List 3 examples.
5. What is DNA?
6. What is a mutation? Are mutations helpful or harmful?
7. What is a dominant allele and what is a recessive allele?
8. How does Gregor Mendel describe a dominant trait?
9. What is the relationship between DNA, genes, chromosomes and the cells of your body?
10. Are genes located on chromosomes or are chromosomes located on genes? Explain.
11. What type of letter represents a dominant trait? What type of letter represents a recessive trait?
12. What type of letter combination would represent a dominant trait? What type of letter combination would
represent a recessive trait?
13. What does an inherited trait mean? List 5 inherited traits.
14. What does an acquired trait mean? List 5 acquired traits.
15. What causes inherited diseases?
16. What is a Punnett square?
17. What is probability?
18. What is fertilization?
19. How many chromosomes does a human have? How many chromosomes does a sex cell (sperm and egg) have?
20. How many copies of each chromosome do you have? (Hint: remember all chromosomes come in pairs)
21. What is an allele?
22. Make a Venn diagram to show the similarities and differences of sexual vs asexual reproduction.
23. Look at the diagram below. What is the correct dominant:recessive ratio of offspring predicted by the diagram?
What fraction of offspring will have the dominant trait? What percentage of offspring will have the dominant
trait?
24. Look at the diagram below. What genotype should be placed in the box with a question mark? Explain.
25. Look at the diagram below. What are the parent’s genotypes and what are the offspring’s genotypes?
26. Look at the diagrams below. Solve the Punnett squares.
27. Look at the diagram above with the letter T. This Punnett square is showing the inherited traits for flower color.
Purple flower color is dominant over white flower color. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring? What
are the possible phenotypes of the offspring?
Genotypes =
,
Phenotypes =
,
,
28. A species of flower can have purple flower color or white flower color. One flower with two alleles for purple
flower color (BB) has purple color. A second flower with two alleles for white flower color (bb) has white flower
color.
a. What is true about the alleles B and b?
b. If these two flowers mated and produced offspring, what would be true of the offspring’s genotypes?
(Hint: You need to complete a Punnett square for this)