B6
APA Style Documentation
Reference Page
APA List of References
Title your works cited page “References” and organize your references alphabetically by author’s last
name. Use the hanging indent format and double spaces throughout the reference page.
Single Author
Begin the entry with the author’s last name followed by a comma and the author’s initials. Next, give the
date of the work in parentheses.
Conran, G. (2001).
Multiple Authors
List up to six authors by last names followed by initials. Use “&” instead of “and.”
Sloan, F. A., Stout, E. M., Whetten-Goldstein, K., & Liang, L. (2000).
Organization as Author
Give the name of the organization in place of the name of an author.
American Psychiatric Association. (2003).
Article in a Journal paginated by volume
Notice that only the first word of the title of the article is capitalized, but in the title of the Journal, each
word is capitalized. Also notice that the Journal title is italicized but the title of the article is not specially
punctuated in any way.
Morawski, J. (2000). Social psychology a century ago. American Psychologist, 55, 427-431.
Article in a Journal Paginated by Issue
Scruton, R. (1996). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.
Article in a Newspaper
Haney, D. Q. (1998, February 20). Finding eats at mystery of appetite. The Oregonian, pp. A1,
A17.
Book
Highmore, B. (2001). Everyday life and cultural theory. New York, NY: Routledge.
Book with an Editor and No Author
List the source under the editor’s name
Duncan, G. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.). (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York:
Russell Sage Foundation.
Article or Chapter in an Edited Book
List the source under the author’s name but include the editor after the article title.
Meskell, L. (2001). Archaeologies of identity. In I. Hodder (Ed.), Archeological theory today
(pp.187-213). Cambridge, England: Polity Press.
Article from an Online Periodical
Follow the same guidelines for citing a print article when citing an article from an online periodical. If
you have viewed the article only in its electronic form, you should add in brackets after the article title
[Electronic version]. If you are referencing an online article that you have reason to believe has been
changed or that includes additional data or commentaries, you will need to add the date you retrieved the
document and the URL.
Whitmeyer, J. M. (2000). Power through appointment [Electronic Version]. Social Science
Research, 29(4), 535-555.
Article from a Database
When citing an article from an electronic database, include all of the information usually given when
citing a print article, but also add the date that you accessed the article and the name of the database.
Holiday, R. E., & Hayes, B. K. (2001). Dissociating automatic and intentional processed in
children’s eyewitness memory. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 75(1), 1-5. Retrieved
February 21, 2001, from Expanded Academic ASAP database.
In-Text Citations
Quotation (author’s last name in signal phrase)
If introducing the quotation with the author’s last name, include in parentheses the date of the work
following the author’s name. Place the page number (preceded by p.) in parentheses after the quotation.
Hart (1996) wrote that some primatologists “wondered if apes had learned Language, with a
capital L” (p.109).
Quotation (author’s last name not in signal phrase)
If the author’s name is not mentioned in the sentence, place the last name, date, and page number in
parentheses after the quotation.
Some primatologists “wondered if apes had learned Language, with a capital L” (Hart, 1996,
p.109).
Summary or Paraphrase
If citing information that is summarized/paraphrased, the page number is not required. It is encouraged to
do so, especially when it would help an interested reader locate the relevant passage in a long or complex
text.
Researchers took Terrace’s conclusions seriously, and funding for language experiments soon
declined (Hart, 1996).
According to Hart (1996), researchers took Terrace’s conclusions seriously.
Two Authors
Name both authors each time the work is cited. In a signal phrase, use “and” to connect the author’s
names; if citing the author’s names within parentheses at the end of the citation, use “&” to connect the
names.
Greenfield and Savage-Rumbaugh (1990) have acknowledged that Kanzi’s linguistic
development was slower than that of a human child.
Kanzi’s linguistic development was slower than that of a human child (Greenfield & SavageRumbaugh, 1990).
Three to Six Authors
Name all of the authors the first time that you cite the source; any other time the source is cited, name
only the first author followed by “et al.” If you are citing a work with more than six authors, always cite
only the first author followed by “et al.”
The chimpanzee Nim was raised by researchers who trained him in American Sign Language by
molding and guiding his hands (Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, & Bever, 1979).
Later citation of source:
Nim was able to string together as many as 16 signs, but their order appeared quite random
(Terrace et al., 1979).
Unknown Author
If the author of the work is unspecified, use the name of the work in a signal phrase or give the first word
or two of the work in a parenthetical citation. Remember to italicize the titles of books and put quotation
marks around the titles of articles or chapters.
A team of researchers in Africa has concluded that many chimpanzee behaviors are cultural, not
just responses to environmental factors (“Chimps,” 1999).
Information taken from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th Ed.). (2001). Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
Examples taken from the Pocket Style Manual.
Hacker, D. (2004). A pocket style manual (4th Ed.). Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s.
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