Earthquakes
M 4.4, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador region, 1.486°N, 90.748°W
Date: Friday, October 12, 2012 02:34:59 UTC
Thursday, October 11, 2012 08:34:59 PM at epicenter
Depth: 10.00 km (6.21 mi)
Oceanic-Oceanic, Divergent Boundary, the convergent boundary forms between plates of
oceanic and a plate that is older and thicker.
M 4.9, Gulf of Paria, Venezuela, 10.511°N, 62.814°W
Date: Friday, October 12, 2012 12:16:19 UTC
Friday, October 12, 2012 12:16:19 PM at epicenter
Depth: 12.30 km (7.64 mi)
Continental-Oceanic, Convergent Boundary, happens when the continental and oceanic plates
collide.
M 5.2, Southern Iran, 29.329°N, 52.511°E
Date: Wednesday, October 10, 2012 16:56:35 UTC
Wednesday, October 10, 2012 08:26:35 PM at epicenter
Depth: 21.20 km (13.17 mi)
Continental-Oceanic, Convergent Boundary, happens when the continental and oceanic plates
collide.
M 4.6, Pakistan, 34.153°N, 73.755°E
Date: Thursday, October 11, 2012 23:54:30 UTC
Friday, October 12, 2012 04:54:30 AM at epicenter
Depth: 24.30 km (15.10 mi)
Continental-Continental, Convergent Boundary, happens when the subduction brings two
continents together where a collision happens.
Volcanoes
Sao Tome
Hot spot volcano
Volcano types: Shield volcano
Cinder Cones
Summit Elev: 2024 m
Latitude: 0.20°N
Longitude: 6.58°E
Sao Tome is a roughly conical island in the Gulf of Guinea that rises to a height of 2024 m from
a depth of 3000 m below sea level. The southern and western parts of the island are more
dissected, and dramatic phonolitic and trachytic spines rise vertically out of the rain forest. Most
of the lavas erupted over the last million years are basaltic in composition. The youngest dated
volcanic rock on Sao Tome is 0.1 million years old. However, the Sao Tome shield volcano is
dotted with numerous morphologically recent cinder cones, many of which are concentrated on
the SE side of the island.
Manengouba
Oceanic-Continental Boundary
Volcano types: Calderas
Pyroclastic cones
Summit Elev: 2411 m
Latitude: 5.03°N
Longitude: 9.83°E
The well-preserved Manengouba stratovolcano rises to 2411 m across the Tombel Graben from
Mount Cameroon and has two concentric summit calderas, Elengoum and Eboga. The older 6km-wide Elengoum caldera is poorly defined and probably formed between about 800,000 and
600,000 years ago. Large lava flows traveled down the NE flanks from a breach on the eastern
caldera rim. The younger 3-km-wide Eboga caldera is thought to have formed about 250,000
years ago. Younger volcanism of unknown age has constructed a SW-NE line of crater lakes
and cinder cones across the caldera floor of the dominantly basaltic-to-trachytic volcano.
Mount Adams, Washington
Volcano types: Stratovolcano, Cinder cones
Oceanic-Continental Boundary
Summit Elev: 3742 m
Latitude: 46.206°N
Longitude: 121.490°W
Although lower in height than its neighbor to the north, Mount Rainier, massive Mount Adams
rises above a lower topographic base and is second in volume only to Mount Shasta among
volcanoes of the Cascade Range. The Mount Adams volcanic field includes the 200 cu km
Mount Adams complex andesitic-dacitic stratovolcano elongated along a NNW-SSE line, and
more than 60 flank vents. Volcanism began about 940 thousand years ago (ka), with three main
cone-building stages occurring at about 500, 450 and 30 ka. Adams was active throughout the
Holocene, producing two dozen minor explosive eruptions from summit and flank vents. Six
Holocene lava flows are located on the flanks between 2100 and 2600 m altitude. The most
voluminous Holocene lava flows, some of which traveled 10 km or more, were emplaced
between about 7 and 4 ka. The latest eruption about 1000 years ago produced a minor tephra
layer and possibly a small lava flow down the east flank.