SOL 3.1 – Ancient Greece and Rome
Where is Greece located?
Greece is located on a peninsula that extends into the Mediterranean Sea above the island of Crete.
How did people travel in ancient Greece?
Since there weren't many roads in ancient Greece, most people walked when they needed to go
somewhere. However, some people had horses and carts, and the richest Greeks rode on horseback.
What type of government existed in ancient Greece?
At first, the city-states were ruled by a few wealthy men, then they moved toward democracy.
What is a democracy? What form of government do we have in the United States?
Democracy is the form of government that we have in the United States. The word means rule by the
people. In a democracy, the people vote on who they want to be their leaders. A democracy.
What were houses built with in ancient Greece? How did they create mosaics?
Houses were made of mud bricks. They created mosaics by going to the seashore and collected colored
pebbles of similar sizes and arranged them in sand to make a picture or pattern on the floors or walls.
What are the Greeks most famous for using in architecture?
The Greeks are most famous for using a variety of columns in buildings to hold and support the roofs.
In the space below, draw a picture of a Doric Column and an Ionic Column – label each
Which type of column did the Greeks use when building the Parthenon?
Doric
Some buildings in the United States have Greek Columns. Which type of column is used in The White
House?
Ionic
Which type of column is used in the Lincoln Memorial?
Doric
For which type of art form are the ancient Greeks especially famous?
Sculpture
The Olympic games of today are modeled after the games in ancient Greece. List at least two events
that were held in the ancient games and are still held today and one event that was held in the
ancient games, but is not held today.
Boxing, weightlifting, pentathlon – discuss throwing, javelin throwing, wrestling, running, and longjumping. Chariot racing.
Where is Rome located?
Rome is located in Italy, a peninsula that sticks out into the Mediterranean Sea.
The ancient Romans had a representative form of government. How was this government organized?
How is this similar to the structure of the government in the United States today?
The executive branch, the legislative branch, and the judicial branch. We have the same branches of
government.
How did the ancient Romans decorate the walls and floors of their villas? What are frescoes?
The floors were mosaics, pictures made out of small stones. Walls were usually decorated with paintings
called frescoes. The frescoes were usually paintings of Roman lands, portraits of family members, or
gods and goddesses.
The ancient Romans invented cement which was a mixture of _____________, _______________, and
______________.
The ancient Romans were well known in architecture for their use of arches, which can be seen in the
Roman Aqueducts. Draw a picture of a section of an aqueduct, showing an arch in the space below:
The ancient Romans borrowed many artistic ideas from the Greeks. List two things the ancient
Romans did for entertainment or artistic enjoyment that were similar to things the Greeks did.
Going to the theater and making vases.
List at least three different sporting events that took place in ancient Rome.
Running races, wrestling, handball, gladiator fights, chariot races
What did the ancient Romans do in a public bath?
Public baths were where the ancient Romans went to exercise. After working out, they would go sit in
the very hot water of the calidarium. Next they would sit in a warm bath in the tepidarium. Then they
would go take a plunge into a cold pool in the frigidarium. Finally, after their bath, they would get a
relaxing massage and rest before going home.