SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY FEASIBLITY IN A COMMERCIAL
BUILDING IN SACRAMENTO
A Thesis
Presented to the faculty of the Department of Mechanical Engineering
California State University, Sacramento
Submitted in partial satisfaction of
the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE
in
Mechanical Engineering
by
Manuel L Verduzco
SPRING
2014
© 2014
Manuel L Verduzco
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
ii
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY FEASIBLITY IN A COMMERCIAL
BUILDING IN SACRAMENTO
A Thesis
by
Manuel L Verduzco
Approved by:
__________________________________, Committee Chair
Timothy Marbach, PhD
__________________________________, Second Reader
Dongmei Zhou, PhD
____________________________
Date
iii
Student: Manuel L Verduzco
I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format
manual, and that this thesis is suitable for shelving in the Library and credit is to be awarded for
the thesis.
__________________________, Graduate Coordinator ___________________
Akihiko Kumagai, PhD
Date
Department of Mechanical Engineering
iv
Abstract
of
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY FEASIBLITY IN A COMMERICIAL
BUILDING IN SACRAMENTO
By
Manuel L Verduzco
In recent years, the demand for air conditioning systems due to the demand of higher comfort
conditions has led to a significant increase for primary energy resources such as solar energy for
cooling. Solar cooling (SC) is getting more and more readily available and cost effective. SC is
environmentally friendly and decreases 𝐶𝑂2 emissions thus reducing the greenhouse effect.
Currently, one of the most frequently used solar cooling systems is the water absorption chillers.
Most traditional air conditioning systems use compression technology for their chillers. The
absorption chillers used for SC usually combine with flat plate or an evacuated tube collectors.
These types of SC are relatively young and are still being developed. In this paper, a two story
building that has an area of 2796 square meters and a max cooling load of about 211 kWh (60
RTh) is analyzed. Case Study 1 uses three of these buildings, Case Study 2 uses six buildings,
and Case Study 3 uses 8 buildings. Given the different case studies, different chillers were chosen
and the number of evacuated tube collectors and storage tanks are either increased or decreased
given the number of buildings. The building’s design and cooling loads were developed with
conjunction with the ASHRAE Example Building for Chapter 30, Nonresidential Cooling and
Heating Load Calculations, of the 2005 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals [1]. For the cooling
and heating load calculations the radiant time series (RTS) method was used. From the cooling
v
loads, the collector area and the volume of the storage tank were determined. In each of these
three case studies, a cost analysis was made to compare the solar absorption system versus the
tradition compression chiller. This analysis is made to see if this relatively new type of SC is even
feasible in the Sacramento area.
Only in Case Study 1, the solar absorption system ($796,663) is more economical than the vapor
compression system ($901,624) after 20 years. The cost of Case Study 2 is $1,703,456 for the
solar absorption system and $1,681,408 for the vapor compression system after 20 years. Finally,
for Case Study 3, which included 8 buildings, the solar absorption system cost is $2,240,643 and
the cost for vapor compression system is $2,194,774 after 20 years.
_______________________, Committee Chair
Timothy Marbach, PhD
_______________________
Date
vi
Acknowledgements
I would like to thank my thesis advisor Dr. Timothy Marbach for his expertise in renewable
energy and thermal science and for his support throughout my college years. In addition, I would
like to thank Dr. Dongmei Zhou, the second reader of my thesis, for her support and advice. I
would like to thank Dr. Akihiko Kumagai because he has always been there for me since the first
day I came to Sacramento State. I would love to thank my father, mother and brothers for their
great support and motivation. Finally, I would like to thank the rest of my family and friends for
always believing in me.
vii
Table of Contents
Page
Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vii
List of Tables .................................................................................................................................. xi
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................ xii
Chapter
1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Problem Statement ................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Thesis Objective .................................................................................................................... 1
2. REVIEW ON COOLING SYSTEMS ......................................................................................... 3
2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 Vapor Compression Cycle (VCC) ......................................................................................... 3
2.3 Vapor Absorption Cycle (VAC) ............................................................................................ 4
2.4 Similarities Vapor Compression Cycle and Vapor Absorption Cycle .................................. 5
2.5 Differences ............................................................................................................................ 5
2.5.1 Efficiency ....................................................................................................................... 6
2.6 Chillers Used for Air Conditioning ....................................................................................... 6
2.6.1 AHUs.............................................................................................................................. 7
2.6.2 Common Types of Absorption Chillers ......................................................................... 8
2.7 Occasions when a Vapor Absorption System is Preferred .................................................... 8
3. REVIEW ON SOLAR ENERGY .............................................................................................. 10
viii
3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.2 Thermal Radiation ............................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Solar Collectors ................................................................................................................... 10
3.3.1 Stationary Solar Collectors ........................................................................................... 12
3.4 Solar Thermal Storage ......................................................................................................... 14
3.4.1 Sensible Heat Storage................................................................................................... 15
3.5 Solar Absorption Cooling Systems ...................................................................................... 15
3.6 Incentives ............................................................................................................................. 16
4. NONRESIDENTIAL COOLING AND HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS ...................... 18
4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 18
4.2 Cooling Loads ..................................................................................................................... 18
4.2.1 Internal Heat Gains....................................................................................................... 18
4.3 Heat Balance Method .......................................................................................................... 19
4.4 Radiant Time Series Method ............................................................................................... 19
4.4.1 ASHRAE Spreadsheet .................................................................................................. 20
4.4.2 Cooling and Heating Load Software Packages ............................................................ 21
5. DATA COLLECTION AND MODELING .............................................................................. 22
5.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 22
5.2 Building ............................................................................................................................... 22
5.2.1 Internal cooling load using radiant time series. ............................................................ 24
5.2.2 The wall cooling load using sol-air temperature and radiant time series. .................... 26
ix
5.5 Case Studies......................................................................................................................... 31
5.5.1 ThermoPower 30 Tube Evacuated Tube Collector v1 ................................................. 31
5.5.2 A.O. Smith Storage Tank ............................................................................................. 33
5.6 Cost ...................................................................................................................................... 36
5.6.1 Initial Cost .................................................................................................................... 36
5.6.2 Operating Cost.............................................................................................................. 36
6. RESULTS .................................................................................................................................. 38
6.1 Case 1 .................................................................................................................................. 38
6.2 Case 2 .................................................................................................................................. 40
6.3 Case 3 .................................................................................................................................. 42
7. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ........................................................................................ 44
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations .............................................................. 45
Appendix B. Building Load Calcuations ....................................................................................... 53
BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................................................................................................... 62
x
List of Tables
Tables
Page
5.2.1A
Convective and Radiant Percentages of Total Sensible Heat Gain ………………….25
5.2.1B
Representative Nonsolar RTS Values for Light and Heavy Construction…………....26
5.2.2
Wall Conduction Time Series…………………………………………………………30
5.6.1
Carrier Chiller Cost…………………………………………………………………....36
5.6.2A
Natural Gas Prices………………………………………………………………..……37
5.6.2B
Electricity Prices……………………………………………………………………...37
6.1A
Case 1 Operating Cost for Vapor Compression System……………………………...38
6.1B
Case 1 Operating Cost for Solar Absorption System…………………………...…….38
6.1C
Case 1 Overall System Prices………………………………………………................39
6.2A
Case 2 Operating Cost for Vapor Compression System……………………...............40
6.2B
Case 2 Operating Cost for Solar Absorption System………………………………....40
6.2C
Case 2 Overall System Prices……………………………………….……...…………41
6.3A
Case 3 Operating Cost for Vapor Compression System………………..…………….42
6.3B
Case 3 Operating Cost for Solar Absorption System………………………................42
6.3C
Case 3 Overall System Prices…………………………………………………………43
xi
List of Figures
Figures
Page
1.2
Solar thermal energy for HVAC…………………………………………………..…...2
2.2
Vapor Compression Cycle……………………………………………………..………4
2.3
Vapor Absorption Cycle……………………………………………..…………….…..5
2.6.1
Typical Air Handling Unit……………………………………………………………..7
2.6.2
Double Effect Absorption Chiller Cycle…………………………..…………………...8
3.3
Comparison of the efficiency of various collectors at irradiation levels…………......11
3.3.1.1
Schematic diagram of evacuated tube collector………………………………………14
3.5
Scheme of a Solar Powered Single Effect Absorption Cooling System……………...16
5.5
Building Loads…………………………………………………………………...…...32
5.5.1
30-Tube Evacuated Tube Collector.……………………………………………….....33
5.5.2A
A.O. Smith Hot Water Storage Tank……………………………………………........34
5.5.2B
Storage Tank Temperature change for Building……………………………………...35
6.1
Compares VCS and SAS Operating Costs for Case 1……………………………….39
6.2
Compares VCS and SAS Operating Costs for Case 2……………………………......41
6.3
Compares VCS and SAS Operating Costs for Case 3………………………………..43
xii
1
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Problem Statement
“Approximately 80% of our energy consumption comes from fossil fuels and therefore nonrenewable resources.”[2] For this reason legislatives around the world are giving initiatives to
find new or modify existing forms of renewable energy.
In addition to the lowering the consumption of energy, air conditioning is becoming more in
demand by both the private and public sector. India, for example, uses tremendous amount of
energy to refrigeration and HVAC applications which involve cooling of air, water, and other
fluids in that nature because it is located in a warm tropical area. This leads to significant increase
in electric power demand, especially in the summer, which sometimes leads to blackouts.
1.2 Thesis Objective
Research efforts have been made to focus and develop environmentally friendly technologies that
use solar energy and integrate it into air conditioning systems as shown in Figure 1.2. Solar
energy is becoming a very attractive and elegant because of the abundance of the sun.
Solar cooling technology is looking more and more promising compared to traditional electrical
driven units. The main advantages of solar cooling are the reduction of peak loads for electricity
utilities, the nonexistent use of ozone depletion refrigerants, decreased of global warming impact
and the decreased of primary energy consumption. [3]
A solar absorption system is compared to a traditional vapor compression system to determine if
the solar absorption system can compare economically to the traditional compression system for a
couple commercial buildings located in Sacramento, California.
2
Figure 1.1 Solar thermal energy for HVAC [2]
3
Chapter 2
REVIEW ON COOLING SYSTEMS
2.1 Introduction
The vapor compression, absorption, and thermoelectric are three basic refrigeration methods. The
three methods have complex variations, however, only the basic compression and absorption
cooling will be discussed.
2.2 Vapor Compression Cycle (VCC)
The compression cycle consists of a condenser, evaporator, throttling valve, and a compressor as
shown in Figure 2.2. The cool, low pressure mixture between liquid and vapor refrigerant enters
the evaporator (4). Heat is transferred to the evaporator from the heat exchanger causing the
refrigerant to boil and the other side of the heat exchanger to cool. The refrigerant vapor (1) is
then pumped to thru the compressor, increasing the refrigerants pressure and temperature (2). The
refrigerant then passes thru the condenser, where heat is transferred to water or ambient air at a
lower temperature. In the condenser, the refrigerant vapor condenses into liquid (3).
High
pressure, high temperature drops its high pressure refrigerant travels thru the expansion valve
where the refrigerant drops its pressure to that of the evaporator. A small fraction of the
refrigerant boils (or flashes) thus cooling the rest of the refrigerant to the temperature of the
evaporator (4). The refrigerant goes thru the evaporator to repeat the cycle.
4
Figure 2.2 Vapor Compression Cycle [4]
2.3 Vapor Absorption Cycle (VAC)
Vapor absorption cycle (VAC) uses a heat source to produce the cooling effect. It seems ironic
that cooling can be achieved with heat, but that is what a VAC does. VAC uses the heat source to
create pressure differences to circulate the refrigerant. Thus, for that reason absorption chillers are
very attractive with a given type of heat source like solar heat. The VAC is similar to the VCC in
the way that it consists of expansion valve, condenser, and an evaporator; however, the
compressor is replaced by the generator, absorber, and a pump as shown in Figure 2.3.
After the liquid refrigerant boils at the evaporator (1), the VAC differs from the VCC. The
absorber draws the refrigerant vapor to mix with the absorbent. The pump pushes the refrigerant
and absorbent mixture up to the high pressure generator side of the system. At the generator a
heat source vaporizes the refrigerant (2) and the remaining absorbent drops back to the absorber
5
side of the system. The hot high pressure refrigerant vapor then goes to the condenser. The rest of
the cycle is identical to the VCC.
Figure 2.3 Vapor Absorption Cycle [4]
2.4 Similarities Vapor Compression Cycle and Vapor Absorption Cycle
Both vapor compression and absorption refrigeration cycles use evaporation of a working fluid
(refrigerate) at a low pressure for the removal of heat and a condenser for the rejection of heat.
They both have an expansion valve, condenser, and an evaporator; however an absorption cycle
has a generator, pump, and absorber replaces the compressor. The absorber acts like the suction
side of the compressor, the pump acts like the compressor process, and the generator acts like the
discharge of the compressor [4]. In addition, both cycles include a device to increase the pressure
of the refrigerant and an expansion valve that keeps the pressure difference, which is vital for the
overall heat transfer process.
2.5 Differences
The absorption cycle uses a pump, instead of a compressor to create the pressure rise.
Compressing a gas is harder and more expensive than pumping a liquid, thus the work input for
6
the absorption chiller is less, but does require a large heat input to the generator. The working
input of the VCC is basically just replaced by the heat input of the VAC.
The VAC is better for the environment because the refrigerants used for the VAC have no
associated environmental hazards, global warming potential, or ozone depletion. VCC usually use
HCFC-123, HCFC-22, and HFC-124a, which are halocarbons, as the refrigerant. VAS generally
use lithium bromide which water as a refrigerant, which is more ecofriendly than the VCC
refrigerants.
VAC contains few moving parts which make it less noisy and fewer vibrations compared to VCS.
In addition, VAC require less maintenance than VCC, however, VCC have a higher coefficient of
performance (COP). In addition, the heat rejected from the VAC is greater than that of the VCC.
2.5.1 Efficiency
Efficiencies in air conditioning systems are described with the COP. It is defined as the cooling
capacity obtained divided by the neat heat input in Btu. Cooling capacity is measured in ton of
refrigeration and it is defined as the capacity to remove heat at a rate of 12,000 Btu/hr.
Single Effect Absorption Chillers (SEAC) optimum COP is from 0.6 to 0.8 depending on the
temperature of the heat source. Hot water greater than 180 degrees Fahrenheit or low pressure
steam is usually used to run the absorption chillers.
2.6 Chillers Used for Air Conditioning
Chillers are the most common form of central commercial air conditioning. A chiller uses the
VCC or VAC to produce chilled water. In chillers, the condenser is the cooling tower. The
cooling tower condenses the refrigerant vapors by passing cool water through tubes and, thus,
condenses the refrigerant. The evaporator is where the refrigerant boils from the heat of the water
losing its heat to the refrigerant. The optimum temperature for the generator is 200 degrees
7
Fahrenheit. The air handling units (AHUs) are combined with these chillers to use the chilled
water and actually cool down desired space.
2.6.1 AHUs
AHUs, shown in Figure 2.6.1, heat, cool, humidify, dehumidify, clean (filter), and distribute air to
desired zones or spaces. The chilled water produced from the chiller is distributed to the AHUs
cooling coils. The cooling coils cool the air passing thru the AHU and this cooled air is then
distributed to the desired space. The boiler works the same way with the AHU. If warm are air is
needed, the boiler sends hot water to the AHUs’ hot water coils.
Figure 2.6.1 Typical Air Handling Unit [5]
8
2.6.2 Common Types of Absorption Chillers
The most common types of absorption chillers are the Single Effect Absorption Chiller (SEAC)
and the Double Effect Absorption Chiller (DEAC). The SEAC chiller was previously explained,
the DEAC is similar to the SEAC except that the DEAC has an additional generator as shown on
Figure 2.6.2. DEAC have a higher Coefficient of Performance, however, the heat input required
is a lot higher than the SEAC.
Figure 2.6.2 Double Effect Absorption Chiller Cycle [4]
The most common refrigerant used for air condition purposes are water as the refrigerant and
lithium bromide (LiBr) as absorbent. Ammonia as the refrigerant and water as the absorbent is
also very common.
2.7 Occasions when a Vapor Absorption System is Preferred
Absorption chillers greatest advantage is their ability to use waste heat that would otherwise be
lost. Facilities that use a lot of thermal energy for their processes have a large amount of energy
9
lost to its surroundings. The waste heat, with the help of an absorption chiller, can be converted to
useful air conditioning or refrigeration.
Absorption chillers are also preferred in facilities that have a high electrical supply charges.
Absorption chillers can reduce or flatten sharp peak demands in a building’s electric load profile.
It can be used as part of a peak and money saving strategy. In addition to reduce peak demand, it
can also be preferred in facilities where the electrical supply is not robust, expensive, unreliable
or unavailable. The previous is true because the absorption chiller use very little electricity
compared to an electric motor used to drive the compression cycle chiller. The electrical power
consumption for an absorption chiller is about 2-5% of comparable compression chiller [6].
Absorption chillers are traditionally combined with fuel oil/gas, thus, are preferred in occasions
where the cost of electricity compared to fuel oil/gas is higher. In addition, for facilities wanting
to receive Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design certification (LEED), absorption
chillers are the best choice. Absorption chillers do not use compounds known for causing Ozone
depletion. Absorption chillers most commonly use steam water as the refrigerants which is more
ecofriendly than the refrigerants used for compression chillers.
10
Chapter 3
REVIEW ON SOLAR ENERGY
3.1 Introduction
Heat gain or heat loss in a building is greatly affected by the solar radiation. However, there are a
couple of factors that make solar radiation more influential on the building that include:

Location of the sun in the sky

Clearness of the atmosphere

Nature and orientation of the building
In making energy studies and in the design of homes, buildings, and solar collectors, the total
radiation striking a surface over a specified period is needed.
3.2 Thermal Radiation
Solar radiation is made up of several different classes of electromagnetic radiation that depend on
their wavelength. The class we are most concern about is the thermal radiation, because it’s the
one causes the heating effect.
The earth moves in an elliptical orbit about the sun, thus, the earths motion about the sun is a
major factor in the effect of solar energy on the building. In addition, the earth spins about its own
axis every 24 hours. To make things ever more complicated, the earth’s rotation is titled 23.5
degrees with respect to the orbital plane. That is the reason why time and solar angle are needed
and used to predict the amount of thermal radiation is on a building.
3.3 Solar Collectors
The solar collector is a device which absorbs the incoming solar radiation and transfers heat
acquired into a fluid (usually air, water or oil) flowing through the collector. Common types of
fluids used to for solar collectors are water, oil, or air. The fluid then gets carried either directly
11
to the hot water or AHUs, or to the thermal energy storage tank from which can be drawn for use
at night and/or cloudy days.
The two most common types of solar collectors are: stationary and sun-tracking. A
stationary collector has the same area for intercepting and for absorbing solar radiation. A suntracking collector typically has concave reflecting surface to intercept and focus the sun’s beam
radiation to a smaller receiving area, thus, increasing the radiation flux.
Solar energy collectors are distinguished by their motion and their operating temperature as
shown in Figure 3.3. The greater the motion and operating temperature of the collector, the more
expensive the collector becomes. The performance of the collectors at different irradiation levels
are also shown in Figure 3.3
Figure 3.3 Comparison of the efficiency of various collectors at irradiation levels, 500 and
1000W/𝑚2 [7]
12
Where,
FPC-Flat Plate Collector
AFP-Advanced flat-plate collector
CPC-Stationary compound parabolic collectors
ETC-Evacuated tube collectors
PTC-Parabolic Tough collector
3.3.1 Stationary Solar Collectors
The stationary solar collectors are called this way because they are permanently fixed in
position. The three types of stationary collectors are the flat plate collectors (FPC), stationary
compound parabolic collectors (CPC), and the evacuated tube collector (ETC).
In this study, for the convenience of assessment, only the review of evacuated tube collectors will
be considered.
3.3.1.1 Evacuated tube collectors
Evacuated heat pipe solar collectors operate differently than the other collectors because
they consist of a heat pipe inside a vacuum-sealed tube as shown in Figure 3.3.1.1
ETC can operate at higher temperatures than FPC because the vacuum envelope reduces
convection and conduction losses. Both ETC and FPC collect direct and diffuse radiation;
however, ETC efficiency is higher at low incidence angles which mean longer day performance.
The amount heat gain from the sun to the collector (𝑄𝑐 ) was calculated from the total surface
irradiance (Et), the aperture collector area (𝐴𝐶𝐴 ), and the efficiency of the collectors (𝐸𝐶 ), as
shown in Equation 3.3.1.1A. The aperture area is the actual area the collector receives solar
energy, and not the actual area of the collector itself. The total surface irradiance calculation is
show on chapter 5.
𝑄𝑐 = Et 𝐴𝐶𝐴 𝐸𝐶
Equation 3.3.1.1A
13
Equation 3.3.1.1B is used to find temperature change of the collector (∆𝑇𝐶 )
∆𝑇𝐶 =
𝑄𝑐
𝜌 𝐶𝑃 𝑄𝐶̇
Equation 3.3.1.1B
Where,
𝐶𝑃 , 𝜌, and 𝑄𝐶̇ are the specific heat, density, and volume flow rate of the collector respectively.
ETC use evaporating-condensing water-base liquid, usually methanol, to transfer heat at high
efficiency. These collectors feature a heat pipe (a highly efficient thermal conductor) that is
continuously bonded with an absorber plate and are placed inside a vacuum-sealed tube. Inside
the heat pipe the water-base liquid undergoes an evaporating-condensing cycle, the evaporating
liquid goes to the top of each tube where it transfers its heat to the heat exchanger (condenser).
The liquid then condenses and returns to the bottom of the heat pipe where it repeats its
evaporating-condensing cycle.
Water, or glycol, flows through the other side of the heat exchanger and picks up the heat from
the tubes. The heated liquid, if glycol, circulates through another heat exchanger, or if water,
gives off its heat to process or to water stored in a storage tank.
14
Figure 3.3.1.1 Schematic diagram of evacuated tube collector [8]
3.4 Solar Thermal Storage
Demand charges and time-of-use rates encourage using more energy during off-peak hours and
less during on-peak hours. Thermal storage reduces this mismatch between supply and demand
and improves the performance and reliability of energy systems. Energy storage leads to saving
of fuels and makes the system more cost effective by reducing wastage of energy and capital cost.
Thermal energy can be stored as sensible heat, latent heat, and thermochemical or a combination
of these. The major characteristics of the thermal energy system are:

The temperature range over which it operates

Its capacity per unit volume
15

The power requirements for addition and removal of heat

The means of controlling thermal losses from the storage system

The means of addition or removal of heat and the temperature differences associated

Temperature stratification in the storage unit

The containers, tanks, or other structural elements associated with the storage system

Its cost
In this study, for the convenience of assessment, only the review of sensible heat storage will be
considered.
3.4.1 Sensible Heat Storage
Sensible heat storage (SHS) is raising the temperature of a solid or liquid and storing it. The
amount of heat stored depends on the specific heat of the medium, the temperature change, and
the amount of storage material. Water is the best SHS liquid because it is inexpensive and has a
high specific heat. The energy balance equation for a nonstratified tank is given by Equation
3.4.1.
(𝑚𝐶𝑃 ) 𝑠
𝑑𝑇𝑠
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑄𝑐 - 𝐿𝑠̇ - (𝑈𝐴)𝑠 (𝑇𝑠 -𝑇𝑎 )
3.4.1
Where,
𝑄𝑐 , 𝐿𝑠̇ are the rates of addition or removal of energy from the collector and to the load.
Ta is the ambient temperature
Equation 3.4.1 can be transformed by Euler’s integration to Equation 3.4.1 [9]:
Δ𝑡
𝑇𝑠 + = 𝑇𝑠 + (𝑚𝐶
𝑃) 𝑠
[𝑄𝐶̇ - 𝐿𝑠̇ - (𝑈𝐴)𝑠 (𝑇𝑠 -𝑇𝑎 )]
3.4.2
3.5 Solar Absorption Cooling Systems
Solar cooling (SC) is solar thermal technology that produces cold by manipulating solar energy
and allows to obtain significant power saving. Vapor absorption refrigeration system are usually
16
incorporated with solar collectors to create the most common solar cooling system called the solar
absorption cooling systems (SACS). In fact, SACS accounts for 59% of the SC systems in
Europe. It is not only used in Europe, it is used all over the world where the solar intensity is very
high. Figure 3.5 shows the general scheme of a solar powered single-effect absorption cooling
system. The system consists of a solar collector, absorption chiller, a cooling tower, a heat storage
water tank, and an auxiliary heater.
Figure 3.5 Scheme of a Solar Powered Single Effect Absorption Cooling System [3]
The hot water storage tank is used as a heat reservoir when there is no cooling demand. When the
solar input is not able to heat the generator to its required input temperature, an external auxiliary
heat source is provided to supply to the generator.
3.6 Incentives
SMUD, Sacramento Municipal Utility District, has a couple incentives that will help pay for the
initial investment of the solar cooling systems. With SMUD's commercial Energy Solutions
program Incentives up to $150,000 or 30% of initial cost, whichever is less. There is different
17
ways to qualify. One way to quality is if your project reduces electrical demand for at least one
hour daily within the hours of 4-7 p.m., summer weekdays [10].
There are numerous incentives that help pay for the initial investment or even reduce the price per
kWh or therm.
18
Chapter 4
NONRESIDENTIAL COOLING AND HEATING LOAD CALCULATIONS
4.1 Introduction
Peak heating and cooling load calculations are one of the primary design bases for most heating
and air-conditioning systems and components. These calculations affect the size of air handlers,
boilers, chillers, and every other component of the systems that condition indoor environments.
The amount of heating or cooling required at any particular time varies widely, depending on
external and internal factors.
4.2 Cooling Loads
Finding the cooling load for a commercial building is not an exact study. Even if the designer
uses reasonable procedures, the calculation can never be more than a good estimated because
there are so many variables that are changing with time. The amount of heating or cooling varies
widely at any particular time depending on many factors like outside temperature, or people
occupying a given space.
Cooling loads are created from different external heat transfer modes like conduction, convection,
and radiation through the building envelope and from internal components. Building components
that affect cooling loads are the following:
External: Walls, roofs, windows, partitions, ceilings, and floors
Internal: Lights, people, appliances, and equipment
Infiltration: Air leakage and moisture migration
System: Outside air, duct leakage, reheat, and fan and pump energy
4.2.1 Internal Heat Gains
Internal heat gains can contribute the majority of the cooling load in a building. As building
envelopes have improved, internal loads have increased because of factors such as increased use
19
of computers and dense-occupancy spaces. Internal heat gain calculation techniques are identical
for both heat balance (HB) and radiant time series (RTS) cooling-load calculation methods
4.3 Heat Balance Method
The heat balance (HB) method solves the problem directly instead of introducing transformationbased procedures. The main principles for the HB method are that the cooling load estimation
involves calculating a surface-by-surface conductive, convective, and radiative heat balance for
each room surface and a convective heat balance for the room air. The advantages are that it
contains no arbitrarily set parameters, and no processes are hidden from view.
All calculation procedures involve some kind of model; all models require simplifying
assumptions and, therefore, are approximate. The most fundamental assumption is that the air in
the thermal zone can be modeled as well mixed, meaning its temperature is uniform throughout
the zone.
The next major assumption is that the surfaces of the room (walls, windows, floor, etc.) can be
treated as having
• Uniform surface temperatures
• Uniform long-wave (LW) and short-wave (SW) irradiation
• Diffuse radiating surfaces
• One-dimensional heat conduction within
The resulting formulation is called the heat balance (HB) model.
4.4 Radiant Time Series Method
The radiant time series (RTS) method is a simplified method that is derived from the heat balance
(HB) method. It effectively replaces all other simplified (non-heat-balance) methods. It is
desirable for the user to be able to inspect and compare the coefficients for different construction
and zone types in a form illustrating their relative effect on the result.
20
Design cooling loads are based on the assumption of steady periodic conditions (i.e., the design
day’s weather, occupancy, and heat gain conditions are identical to those for preceding days such
that the loads repeat on an identical 24 h cyclical basis). Thus, the heat gain for a particular
component at a particular hour is the same as 24 h prior, which is the same as 48 h prior, etc. This
assumption is the basis for the RTS derivation from the HB method [1].
Cooling load calculations must address two time-delay effects inherent in building heat transfer
processes:
(1) Delay of conductive heat gain through opaque massive exterior surfaces (walls, roofs, or
floors)
(2) Delay of radiative heat gain conversion to cooling loads. Exterior walls and roofs conduct heat
because of temperature differences between outdoor and indoor air. In addition, solar energy on
exterior surfaces is absorbed, then transferred by conduction to the building interior. Because of
the mass and thermal capacity of the wall or roof construction materials, there is a substantial
time delay in heat input at the exterior surface becoming heat gain at the interior surface.
Most heat sources transfer energy to a room by a combination of convection and radiation. The
convective part of heat gain immediately becomes cooling load. The radiative part must first be
absorbed by the finishes and mass of the interior room surfaces, and becomes cooling load only
when it is later transferred by convection from those surfaces to the room air. Thus, radiant heat
gains become cooling loads over a delayed period of time [1].
4.4.1 ASHRAE Spreadsheet
The ASHRAE spreadsheet was prepared in conjunction with development of the ASHRAE
Example Building for Chapter 30, Nonresidential Cooling and Heat Load Calculation, of the
2005 ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals to calculated cooling loads. This spreadsheet uses the
radiant times series method to find the internal and external cooling and heating loads.
21
4.4.2 Cooling and Heating Load Software Packages
There is software that actually calculates the cooling and heating loads, and is certified for use
with the Title 24 Standards. There are software packages that calculate both Residential and
Nonresidential Buildings cooling and heating load. EnergyPro is one example of these software
packages.
22
Chapter 5
DATA COLLECTION AND MODELING
5.1 Introduction
The city of Sacramento California was chosen because solar cooling systems are almost
nonexistent in this area. This paper, thus, was written to investigate if a commercial office
building with evacuated tube collectors, an absorption chiller, and a thermal water storage tank is
actually economically feasible.
Three case studies were investigated to see if the larger the system the more feasible this solar
cooling system really is. The system will not only cool in the summer, but heat in the winter
because the collectors release heat whenever the sun is out. However, the system will have a
boiler, which is the standard for mostly all space heating systems, just in case the collectors do
not receive enough energy on a cloudy day.
Cooling a building in the summer is more expensive than heating up a building in the winter. The
sizes of the systems are based on the peak cooling load needed to cool down the building in the
summer.
In all three cases, the same building was analyzed and just the number of these building increased
or decreased depending on the peak cooling load wanted. The building is a two story building and
is very similar to the example used for the ASHRAE spreadsheet example [1]. The orientation,
location and the infiltration rate of the building are just some of the changes made in building
analyzed and the ASHRAE spreadsheet example.
5.2 Building
Location: Sacramento California, latitude (L) = 38.52, longitude (LON) = 121.5, elevation = 26 ft
(7.9 m) above sea level, 99.6% heating design dry-bulb temperature = 31.1°F (-0.5°C). For
23
cooling load calculations, the 2% dry-bulb/coincident wet-bulb monthly design day profile is
used.
Inside design conditions: 72°F (22.2°C) for heating; 75°F (23.9°C) with 50% rh for cooling.
Building orientation: The buildings north is true north, no orientation.
Gross area per floor: 15,050 𝑓𝑡 2 (1,398.4 𝑚2 )
Total building gross area: 30,100 𝑓𝑡 2 (2796.4 𝑚2 )
Windows: Double glazed, 1/4 in. (6 mm) bronze-tinted outside pane, 1/2 in. (13 mm) air space
and 1/4 in. (6 mm) clear inside pane with light-colored interior miniblinds. Window normal solar
heat gain coefficient (SHGC) = 0.49. Windows are nonoperable and mounted in aluminum
frames with thermal breaks having overall combined U = 0.57 Btu/h·ft2·°F (3.24 W/(m2·K)).
Inside attenuation coefficient (IAC) for inside miniblinds = 0.66 (based on light venetian blinds
with heat-absorbing double glazing). Each window is 6.25 ft (1.91 m) wide by 6.4 ft (1.95 m) tall
for an area per window = 40 𝑓𝑡 2 (3.72 𝑚2 ).
Walls: Part insulated spandrel glass and part brick-and-block clad columns. The insulation barrier
in the soffit at the second floor is similar to that of the spandrel glass and is of lightweight
construction; for simplicity, that surface is assumed to have similar thermal heat gain/loss to the
spandrel glass.
Spandrel wall: Spandrel bronze-tinted glass, opaque, backed with air space, rigid mineral fiber
insulation R = 5.0 (h·ft2·°F)/Btu (0.88 (m2·K)/W), mineral fiber batt insulation R = 5.0
(h·ft2·°F)/Btu (0.88 (m2·K)/W), and 5/8 in. (16mm) gypsum wall board. Use spandrel wall U =
0.09 Btu/h·ft2·°F (0.51 W/(m2·K)).
Brick wall: Light-brown-colored face brick 4 in. (102 mm), mineral fiber batt insulation R = 10
(h·ft2·°F)/Btu (1.76 (m2·K)/W), lightweight concrete block 6 in. (152mm) and gypsum wall
board 5/8 in. (16mm). Use brick wall U = 0.08 Btu/h·ft2·°F (0.45 W/(m2·K)).
24
Roof: Flat metal deck topped with rigid mineral fiber insulation and perlite board R = 12.5
(h·ft2·°F)/Btu (2.2 (m2·K)/W), felt, and light-colored membrane roofing. Space above 9 ft (2.75
m) suspended acoustical tile ceiling is used as a return air plenum. Use roof U = 0.07 Btu/h·ft2·°F
(0.40 W/(m2·K).
Floor: 5 in. (127mm) lightweight concrete slab on grade for first floor and 5 in. (127mm)
lightweight concrete on metal deck for second floor Total areas of building exterior skin.
Occupancy: 7 people per 1000 𝑓𝑡 2 = 143 𝑓𝑡 2 /person (7.54 people per 100 𝑚2 = 13.3 𝑚2 / person)
Lighting: 1.5 W/𝑓𝑡 2 (16.15 W/𝑚2 ) Fluorescent lights, suspended, unvented
Tenant’s office equipment: 1 W/𝑓𝑡 2 (10.76 W/𝑓𝑡 2 )
Infiltration: Assume the building is maintained under positive pressure during peak cooling
conditions and therefore has no infiltration. Assume that infiltration during peak heating
conditions is equivalent to 0.2 air change per hour.
Inside design conditions: 72°F (22.2°C) for heating; 75°F (23.9°C) with 50% rh for cooling.
Normal use schedule is assumed at 100% from 7:00 AM to 7:00 PM and unoccupied/off during
other hours
20 cfm of outside air per person for sizing the cooling coils and chiller
5.2.1 Internal cooling load using radiant time series.
To calculate the cooling load from lighting at 3:00 PM solar time for the building use equation
5.2.1A as shown below:
q15 = lighting per total building gross area * percent
Equation 5.2.1A
Where the percent at the end is the time when the lights are 100% on or 0% on, i.e. at 3:00 PM
solar time, the lights are 100% on.
25
The convective portion Equation 5.2.1B is simply the lighting heat gain for the hour being
calculated times the convective fraction for unvented fluorescent lighting as shown on Figure
5.2.1A:
Qc,15 = (q15)(33%)
Equation 5.2.1B
Table 5.2.1A Convective and Radiant Percentages of Total Sensible Heat Gain [1]
The radiant portion of the cooling load is calculated using lighting heat gains for the current hour
and past 23 h, the radiant fraction from 67%, and radiant time series from Table 5.2.1A. The RTS
for medium-weight construction, assuming 50% glass and carpeted floors is selected from Table
5.2.1B. Thus, the radiant cooling load for lighting is calculated using Equation 5.2.1C.
Qr,15 = (0.49)(0.67)q15 + (0.17)(0.67)q14 +(0.09)(0.67)q13 + r3(0.67)q12 + … + r23(0.67)q16
Equation 5.2.1C
26
Table 5.2.1B Representative Nonsolar RTS Values for Light and Heavy Construction [1]
Equation 5.2.1D gives total lighting cooling load at the designated hour
Qlight = Qc,15 + Qr,15
Equation 5.2.1D
The same technic is used with Occupancy and Equipment.
5.2.2 The wall cooling load using sol-air temperature and radiant time series.
The cooling load contribution from the spandrel wall section facing West at 3:00 PM solar time in
July is Determined by calculating (1) sol-air temperatures at the exterior surface, (2) heat input
based on sol-air temperature, (3) delayed heat gain through the mass of the wall to the interior
surface using conduction time series, and (4) delayed space cooling load from heat gain using
radiant time series.
27
First, calculate the sol-air temperature at 3:00 PM local standard time (LST) (4:00 PM daylight
saving time) on July 21 for a vertical, dark-colored wall surface, facing west. The outdoor design
temperature for that month and time is 99.8°F.
The clearness number CN is assumed to be 1.0 and ground reflectivity ρg = 0.2. Sol-air
temperature is calculated. For a dark colored wall, α = 0.45 ho = 3, and for vertical surfaces,
εΔR/ho = 0. The solar irradiance Et on the wall is determined
Solar Angles:
ψ = west orientation = +90°
Σ = surface tilt from horizontal (where horizontal = 0°) = 90° for vertical wall surface
3:00 PM LST = hour 15
Calculate solar altitude, solar azimuth, surface solar azimuth, and incident angle as follows:
The solar position data and constants for July 21 are
ET = –6.2 min
δ = 20.6°
A = 346.6 Btu/h·ft2 (1093 W/𝑚2 )
B = 0.186
C = 0.138
Local standard meridian (LSM) for Pacific Time Zone = 120°.
To calculate the Apparent solar time AST use Equation 5.2.2A
AST = LST + ET/60 + (LSM – LON)/15
Equation 5.2.2A
The Hour angle H, degrees is calculated using Equation 5.2.2B
H = 15(AST – 12)
Equation 5.2.2B
The Solar altitude β is found using Equation 5.2.2C
β = sin–1(cos L cos δ cos H + sin L sin δ)
Equation 5.2.2C
28
The Solar azimuth φ is found using Equation 5.2.2D
φ = cos–1[ (sin β sin L – sin δ)/(cos β cos L)]
Equation 5.2.2D
The Surface-solar azimuth γ, Incident angle θ, Direct normal irradiance EDN, and Surface direct
irradiance ED are calculated using Equation 5.2.2E, 5.2.2F, 5.2.2G, and 5.2.2H respectively.
γ=φ–ψ
Equation 5.2.2E
θ = cos–1 (cos β cos γ sin Σ + sin β cos Σ)
Equation 5.2.2F
EDN = [A/exp(B/sin β)]CN
Equation 5.2.2G
ED = EDN cos θ
Equation 5.2.2H
Ratio Y of sky diffuse radiation on vertical surface to sky diffuse radiation on horizontal surface is
found using Equation 5.2.2I
Y = 0.55 + 0.437 cos θ + 0.313 cos2θ
Equation 5.2.2I
Equation 5.2.2J calculates the Diffuse irradiance Ed – Vertical surfaces
Ed = CYEDN
Equation 5.2.2J
The Ground-reflected irradiance Er is calculated using Equation 5.2.2K
Er = EDN(C + sin β)ρg(l – cos Σ)/2
Equation 5.2.2K
Finally, Equation 5.2.2L is used to calculate the total surface irradiance Et
Et =ED + Ed + Er
Equation 5.2.2L
Sol-air temperature Te, which is calculated using Equation 5.2.2M, is used to calculate the sol-air
temperatures for each hour on each surface
Te = to + αEt /ho – εΔR/ho
Equation 5.2.2M
Because of the tedious solar angle and intensity calculations, using a simple computer spreadsheet
or other computer software can reduce the effort involved.
29
Conductive heat gain is calculated using Equations 5.2.2L and 5.2.2M. First, calculate the 24 h
heat input profile using Equation 5.2.2L and the sol-air temperatures for a southwest-facing wall
with dark exterior color: To find the heat input we use the formula:
qi,15 = UA(Te – inside designed room temp.)
Equation 5.2.2L
Next, calculate wall heat gain using conduction time series. The preceding heat input profile is
used with conduction time series to calculate the wall heat gain. From Table 5.2.2, the most
similar wall construction is wall number 1 for spandrel panel walls and number 11 brick pilaster
walls. Using the RTS, similar to the previous light cooling load, Equation 5.2.2C is used to find
the cooling load
q15 = c0qi,15 + c1qi,14 + csqi,13 + c3qi,12 + … + c23qi,16
Equation 5.2.2M
30
Table 5.2.2 Wall Conduction Time Series [1]
The calculations for the other walls, roof, windows, and all other items are calculated in the
worksheet using the RTS to find individual cooling and heating load for each building.
31
5.5 Case Studies
The 2-story building will be used for each case, however, the amount of buildings increase or
decrease. The Carrier Evergreen Water Cooled Vapor Compression Chiller is compared with the
Solar Cooling System composed of Carrier’s Single Effect Hot Water Absorption Chiller, A.O.
Smith Commercial Hot Water Storage Tank, and ThermoPower 30 Evacuated Tube Solar
Collectors. The VCC is assumed to have a COP of 6.3, the Absorption chiller and boiler are both
assumed to have a COP of 0.8 to make calculating easier. The cooling load and heating load were
increase by 10% to give account to the heating gain or losses like piping, pumps, and AHUs.
Figure 5.5 shows all the loads given from solar absorption system for one 2-story building.
5.5.1 ThermoPower 30 Tube Evacuated Tube Collector v1
̇ ) 3 L/min, a max flow rate (𝑄𝐶𝑀
̇ ) 15 L/min. The
The 30 tube collector has an ideal flow rate (𝑄𝐶𝐼
aperture collector area (𝐴𝐶𝐴 ): 2.83𝑚2 . The idea tilt for an evacuated tube collector is 300 facing
South as shown on Figure 5.5.1 The price for each collector is $949 each [15]. For each building,
120 solar collectors are needed. The boiler is on the same amount; however, there is no peak
cooling or heating load because the collectors work with the boiler to heat up the water for the
absorption chiller or for the AHUs, or for the storage tank. In this study, it is assumed that the
price of installation is included when 100 or more collectors are bought.
32
Figure 5.5 Building Loads
33
Figure 5.5.1 30-Tube Evacuated Tube Collector [11]
5.5.2 A.O. Smith Storage Tank
The heavy-duty large volume storage tanks are recommended when storing water at 180𝑜 F
(820 C) or higher. The HD-96-12,500 shown in Figure 5.5.2A can store up to 12,500 gallons and
costs $94,250. For each building one 12,500 gallon storage tank is used. Figure 5.5.2B shows the
temperature increase and decrease from the solar gain, boiler gain, cooling load, and heating load.
The temperature of the storage tank never dropped to less than 800 Celsius because the absorption
chillers lose efficiency drastically after that temperature and never reaches a temperature of
greater than 980 Celsius because water boils at 1000 Celsius. If the temperature of the storage tank
34
drops to less than 82.50Celsius than the boiler automatically turns on to make 100KW in that
hour.
Figure 5.5.2A A.O. Smith Hot Water Storage Tank
35
Figure 5.5.2B Storage Tank Temperature change for Building
36
In this study, it is assumed that the cost percentage of each storage tank is decreased by the
number of storage tanks needed. If three storage tanks are need, such as Case Study 1, the cost of
the storage tanks are decreased by 3%. In addition, it is assumed that when three or more storage
tanks are bought, the instillation charges are included with the cost of the storage tank.
5.6 Cost
The initial estimate of the cost must be computed in order to determine the economic feasibility
of this or any project. The cost presented in this study consists of the capital costs and operating
cost.
5.6.1 Initial Cost
The initial costs for the solar vapor absorption system include the absorption machine, storage
tanks, and solar collectors. The initial cost of the vapor compression system includes the vapor
compression chiller. The cost for the chillers that were compared are shown on Table 5.6.1[11]
Mark For
23
51
53
200Tons
400Tons
525Tons
Model Number
16LJ236111B2600
16LJ516111B2601
16LJ536111B2602
19XRV1010237BHH6419XRV3131354KDH6419XRV4041385KGH64-
Carrier Chillers
Description
Single Effect-low Temerature Hot Water Absorption Chiller
Single Effect-low Temerature Hot Water Absorption Chiller
Single Effect-low Temerature Hot Water Absorption Chiller
Evergreen Water Cooled Chiller
Evergreen Water Cooled Chiller
Evergreen Water Cooled Chiller
Capacity (Tons)
210
420
525
200
400
525
Cost
$175,000.00
$261,610.00
$286,791.00
$102,842.00
$118,416.00
$138,627.00
Table 5.6.1 Carrier Chiller Cost
The cooling towers needed for absorption chillers are usually bigger for the same cooling load,
however, for the simplicity of this study and that the cost of the cooling towers do not vary much
given the different cooling loads , the cost of the cooling towers are assumed to be the same.
5.6.2 Operating Cost
The operating cost includes the wages of employees, supplies, water, materials, gas cost,
and electricity cost. For this study it is assumed that the wages of employees, supplies,
water, and materials are same for both types of systems. The natural gas price for small
37
commercial customers (G-NR1) is shown on Table 5.6.2A [12]. The electric prices for large
commercial applications (GS-TOU1) are given on Table 5.6.2B [13]. For HVAC application,
Secondary Rate Category is used.
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
Schedule G-NR1
Gas Service to Small Commercial Customers
January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2013
($/therm)1/
Advice
Effective Letter
Date Number
Procurement
Charge
Customer Charge
(per/day)
Highest Average Daily Use (therms)
Public
Purpose
Program
Surcharge 2/
Transportation Charge
Total Charge2/
Summer
Winter
First
4,000
First 4,000
therms Excess
therms
Excess
Summer
First
FirstWinter
4,000
4,000
therms Excess therms Excess
0 - 5.0
5.1 16.0
16.1 41.0
41.1 123.0
123.1 &
Up
0.2705
0.2705
0.2705
0.2705
0.2705
0.2705
0.2705
0.5211
0.5211
0.5211
0.5211
0.5211
0.5211
0.5211
0.9548
0.9548
0.9548
0.9548
0.9548
0.9548
0.9548
1.6649
1.6649
1.6649
1.6649
1.6649
1.6649
1.6649
2.1494
2.1494
2.1494
2.1494
2.1494
2.1494
2.1494
0.4292
0.4696
0.4057
0.4709
0.5297
0.4757
0.4456
0.3021
0.3261
0.3261
0.3163
0.3163
0.3163
0.3163
0.1221
0.1469
0.1469
0.1484
0.1484
0.1484
0.1484
0.3732
0.4020
0.4020
0.3890
0.3890
0.3890
0.3890
0.1508
0.1810
0.1810
0.1825
0.1825
0.1825
0.1825
0.7313
0.7957
0.7318
0.7872
0.8460
0.7920
0.7619
0.5800
0.6506
0.5867
0.6534
0.7122
0.6581
0.6281
0.0388
0.0388
0.0388
0.0388
0.0388
0.0388
0.0388
08/01/13 3401-G 0.2705 0.5211 0.9548 1.6649 2.1494
0.4327
0.3163
0.1484
0.3890
0.1825
0.7490 0.5811 0.8217 0.6152
0.0388
09/01/13 3408-G 0.2705 0.5211 0.9548 1.6649 2.1494
0.4019
0.3163
0.1484
0.3890
0.1825
0.7182 0.5503 0.7909 0.5844
0.0388
10/01/13 3416-G 0.2705 0.5211 0.9548 1.6649 2.1494
0.4060
0.3163
0.1484
0.3890
0.1825
0.7223 0.5544 0.7950 0.5885
0.0388
11/01/13 3425-G 0.2705 0.5211 0.9548 1.6649 2.1494
0.5136
0.3163
0.1484
0.3890
0.1825
0.8299 0.6619 0.9026 0.6960
0.0388
12/01/13 3434-G 0.2705 0.5211 0.9548 1.6649 2.1494
$0.472633/
0.3163
0.1484
0.3890
0.1825
0.7889 0.6210 0.8616 0.6551
0.0388
01/01/13
02/01/13
03/01/13
04/01/13
05/01/13
06/01/13
07/01/13
3352-G
3359-G
3367-G
3373-G
3381-G
3387-G
3392-G
0.5513
0.6164
0.5525
0.6193
0.6781
0.6240
0.5940
0.8024
0.8716
0.8077
0.8599
0.9187
0.8647
0.8346
1/
Unless otherwise noted
2/
Schedule G-PPPS (Public Purpose Program Surcharge) needs to be added to the Total Charge for bill calculation. See Schedule G-PPPS for details.
3/
This procurement rate includes a credit of $0.00024 per therm to reflect account balance amortizations in accordance with Advice Letter 3157-G.
Seasons: Winter = Nov-March
Summer = April-Oct
Table 5.6.2A Natural Gas Prices
Smud
GS-TOU1
Commerial Rate
Schedule G-NR2
Electric Service to Large Commercial Customers
($/kWh)1/
System
Site Infrastrure
Electricity Charge ($/kWh)
Infrastructure
Charge
Fixed Charge
(per month per meter)
($ per 12 month max kW or
contract capabity)
Sum m er (June 1-Sept. 30)
Winter (Oct. 1-May 31)
SuperPeak
On-Peak
Off_Peak
On-Peak
Off-Peak
Secondary
$99.10
$3.69
$0.1541
$0.1231
$0.0985
$0.0989
$0.0784
Primary
$99.10
$3.54
$0.1270
$0.1158
$0.0898
$0.0940
$0.0733
Subtransmission
$262.50
$2.82
$0.1234
$0.1084
$0.0885
$0.0905
$0.0717
Seasons: Winter = Oct-May
Summer = June-Sept
Table 5.6.2B Electricity Prices
38
Chapter 6
RESULTS
6.1 Case 1
Case 1 consists of three 2-story buildings with a max cooling load consisting of about 200 RT.
Table 6.1A consists of the operating cost for heating and cooling the vapor compression system.
Table 6.1B consists of the operating cost the solar absorption system. Figure 6.1 compares the
monthly operating cost for both systems. The total overall prices of the systems were compared
after 20 years as shown on Table 6.1C, which are the life spans of the systems.
Month
Therms
per Day
Therms per
Month
Cost per
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
75
56
41
22
4
1
0
0
4
12
44
78
336
2340
1572
1257
667
125
15
0
0
106
375
1308
2414
10180
$1,878
$1,370
$1,015
$525
$106
$12
$0
$0
$76
$298
$1,181
$2,080
$8,541
Monthly
Monthly
Customer
Total Monthly Daily Cooling
Cooling
Charge Natural Cost for Heating
Load
Load (KW)
Gas
$
51.61
$1,930
454
14070
$
46.62
$1,417
568
15894
$
29.60
$1,045
657
20367
$
28.64
$554
778
23326
$
8.38
$114
956
29622
$
8.11
$20
1062
31857
$
8.38
$8
1099
34069
$
8.38
$8
1081
33519
$
8.11
$84
1006
30191
$
16.15
$315
866
26849
$
49.95
$1,231
611
18321
$
51.61
$2,131
440
13649
$8,857
Cost per
month for
cooling
$1,242
$1,393
$1,792
$2,070
$2,619
$3,809
$4,120
$4,053
$3,612
$2,374
$1,600
$1,205
$29,889
Monthly
Customer
charge for
electrictiy
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$103
Table 6.1A Case 1 Operating Cost for Vapor Compression System
Month
Therms per
Day
Therms per
month
Cost per
month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
41
31
0
0
0
0
41
41
41
41
31
51
317
1270
860
0
0
0
0
1270
1270
1229
1270
922
1587
9676
$1,019
$750
$0
$0
$0
$0
$967
$951
$882
$917
$832
$1,367
$7,685
Monthly
Customer
Charge
Natural
Gas
$30
$27
$8
$8
$8
$8
$30
$30
$29
$30
$29
$52
Total
Monthly
Cost
$1,048
$776
$8
$8
$8
$8
$997
$981
$911
$947
$860
$1,419
$7,972
Table 6.1B Case 1 Operating Cost for Solar Absorption System
Total
Monthly
cost for
cooling
$1,341
$1,492
$1,891
$2,169
$2,718
$3,908
$4,219
$4,153
$3,712
$2,473
$1,699
$1,308
$31,082
39
Figure 6.1 Compares VCS and SAS Operating Costs for Case 1
Case 1
SAS
$175,000
210
$341,640
$274,268
VCS
$102,842
200
$0
$0
$239,148
$191,987
$0
$0
$7,972
$1,554
$8,857
$31,082
Cost of gas and electricity after 20 yrs
$190,528
$798,782
Total cost after 20 yrs
Adjusted total cost after 20 yrs
$981,436
$796,663
$901,624
$901,624
Machine Cost
Capacity (Tons)
Solar Collectors Cost
Hot Water Storage Cost
Government Incentives 30%
Adjusted Solar Collectors Cost
Adjusted Hot Water Storage Cost
Total Cost of gas per yr
Total Cost of electricity per yr
Table 6.1C Case 1 Overall System Prices
40
6.2 Case 2
Case 2 consists of six 2-story buildings with a max cooling load consisting of about 400 RT.
Table 6.2A consists of the operating cost for heating and cooling the vapor compression system.
Table 6.2B consists of the operating cost the solar absorption system. Figure 6.2 compares the
monthly operating cost for both systems. The total overall prices of the systems were compared
after 20 years as shown on Table 6.2C, which are the life spans of the systems.
Month
Therms
per Day
Therms per
Month
Cost per
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
151
112
81
44
8
1
0
0
7
24
87
156
672
4681
3145
2514
1334
250
30
0
0
212
751
2616
4828
20360
$3,604
$2,741
$2,031
$1,050
$212
$24
$0
$0
$152
$597
$2,361
$3,989
$16,761
Monthly
Monthly
Customer
Total Monthly Daily Cooling
Cooling
Charge Natural Cost for Heating
Load
Load (KW)
Gas
67
47
52
50
16
8
8
8
16
30
50
67
$3,671
$2,788
$2,082
$1,100
$228
$32
$8
$8
$168
$627
$2,411
$4,055
$17,178
908
1135
1314
1555
1911
2124
2198
2163
2013
1732
1221
881
28139
31787
40734
46652
59245
63715
68138
67038
60381
53698
36643
27297
Cost per
month for
cooling
Monthly
Customer
charge for
electrictiy
Total
Monthly
cost for
cooling
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$103
$2,584
$2,885
$3,682
$4,239
$5,336
$7,716
$8,340
$8,206
$7,324
$4,846
$3,299
$2,513
$60,971
$2,484
$2,786
$3,583
$4,140
$5,237
$7,617
$8,241
$8,107
$7,225
$4,747
$3,200
$2,410
$59,779
Table 6.2A Case 2 Operating Cost for Vapor Compression System
Month
Therms per Day
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
82
61
0
0
0
0
82
82
82
82
61
102
635
Monthly
Therms per
Customer
Total Monthly
Cost per month
month
Charge Natural
Cost
Gas
2539
1720
0
0
0
0
2539
2539
2457
2539
1843
3174
19352
$2,037
$1,499
$0
$0
$0
$0
$1,935
$1,902
$1,765
$1,834
$1,663
$2,735
$15,371
52
27
8
8
8
29
52
52
50
52
50
52
$2,089
$1,526
$8
$8
$8
$29
$1,986
$1,954
$1,815
$1,886
$1,713
$2,786
$15,809
Table 6.2B Case 2 Operating Cost for Solar Absorption System
41
Figure 6.2 Compares VCS and SAS Operating Costs for Case 2
Case 2
SAS
$261,610
420
$683,280
$531,570
VCS
$118,416
400
$0
$0
$533,280
$531,420
$0
$0
Total Cost of gas per yr
Total Cost of electricity per yr
Cost of gas and electricity after 20 yrs
$15,808.74
$3,048.57
$377,146
$ 17,178
$60,971.40
$1,562,992
Total cost after 20 yrs
Adjusted total cost after 20 yrs
$1,853,606
$1,703,456
$1,681,408
$1,681,408
Machine Cost
Capacity (Tons)
Solar Collectors Cost
Hot Water Storage Cost
Government Incentives 30%
Adjusted Solar Collectors Cost
Adjusted Hot Water Storage Cost
Table 6.2C Case 2 Overall System Prices
42
6.3 Case 3
Case 3 consists of eight 2-story buildings with a max cooling load consisting of about 400 RT.
Table 6.2A consists of the operating cost for heating and cooling the vapor compression system.
Table 6.2B consists of the operating cost the solar absorption system. Figure 6.3 compares the
monthly operating cost for both systems. The total overall prices of the systems were compared
after 20 years as shown on Table 6.2C, which are the life spans of the systems.
Month
Therms
per Day
Therms per
Month
Cost per
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
201
150
108
59
11
1
0
0
9
32
116
208
896
6241
4193
3352
1778
334
40
0
0
283
1001
3488
6437
27147
$4,509
$3,612
$2,453
$1,400
$282
$32
$0
$0
$203
$796
$3,148
$5,043
$21,479
Monthly
Monthly
Customer
Total Monthly Daily Cooling
Cooling
Charge Natural Cost for Heating
Load
Load (KW)
Gas
$67
$4,576
1210
37519
$60
$3,672
1514
42383
$52
$2,505
1752
54313
$50
$1,450
2073
62203
$16
$298
2548
78993
$8
$40
2832
84953
$8
$8
2931
90850
$8
$8
2883
89384
$16
$219
2684
80509
$30
$826
2310
71598
$50
$3,198
1629
48857
$67
$5,109
1174
36396
$21,910
Cost per
month for
cooling
$3,313
$3,715
$4,778
$5,520
$6,983
$10,156
$10,988
$10,809
$9,633
$6,329
$4,266
$3,214
$79,705
Monthly
Customer
charge for
electrictiy
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$99
$103
Table 6.3A Case 3 Operating Cost for Vapor Compression System
Month
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Total
Monthly
Therms per
Total Monthly
Customer
Therms per Day
Cost per month
month
Cost
Charge Natural
Gas
109
3386
$2,717
$52
$2,768
82
2294
$1,999
$47
$2,046
0
0
$0
$8
$8
0
0
$0
$8
$8
0
0
$0
$8
$8
0
0
$0
$29
$29
109
3386
$2,580
$52
$2,631
109
3386
$2,536
$52
$2,588
109
3276
$2,353
$50
$2,403
109
3386
$2,445
$52
$2,497
82
2457
$2,218
$50
$2,268
137
4232
$3,598
$67
$3,665
846
25802
$20,446
$20,919
Table 6.3B Case 3 Operating Cost for Solar Absorption System
Total
Monthly
cost for
cooling
$3,412
$3,814
$4,877
$5,619
$7,082
$10,255
$11,087
$10,908
$9,732
$6,429
$4,365
$3,317
$80,898
43
Figure 6.3 Compares VCS and SAS Operating Costs for Case 3
Case 3
Machine Cost
Capacity (Tons)
Solar Collectors Cost
Hot Water Storage Cost
Government Incentives 30%
Adjusted Solar Collectors Cost
Adjusted Hot Water Storage Cost
Total Cost of gas per yr
Total Cost of electricity per yr
Cost of gas and electricity after 20 yrs
Total cost after 20 yrs
Adjusted total cost after 20 yrs
SAS
$286,791
525
$911,040
$693,680
VCS
$138,627
525
$0
$0
$761,040
$693,530
$0
$0
$20,919
$4,045
$499,282
$21,910
$80,898
$2,056,147
$2,390,793
$2,240,643
$2,194,774
$2,194,774
Table 6.3C Case 3 Overall System Prices
44
Chapter 7
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Only in Case Study 1, the solar absorption system ($796,663) is more economical than the vapor
compression system ($901,624) after 20 years. The cost of Case Study 2 is $1,703,456 for the
solar absorption system and $1,681,408 for the vapor compression system after 20 years. Finally,
for Case Study 3, which included 8 buildings, the solar absorption system cost is $2,240,643 and
the cost for vapor compression system is $2,194,774 after 20 years.
In all three cases, if the SMUD does not help with the initial costs of the solar collectors and hot
water storage tanks, the solar absorption systems would not be able to compete with the VCS
cost. As the systems increase in size, the prices for electricity and natural gas reduce per kWh and
therm-hr respectively. In addition, there is less help from the SMUD incentives.
The price of the solar collectors and storage tanks are a huge factor in choosing what system will
be used, however, if the number of storage tanks are so great, large volume storage tank can be
made at the location, which could make the price for larger solar absorption systems more
profitable in the long run.
45
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations
SOLAR INTENSITY AND POSITION DATA
Local Equation
A
B
C Apparent
Standard of Time, Declination
(Dimensionless
Solar
Month Hour
min.
degrees
W/m²
Ratios)
Time, hours
LST
ET
DECL
A
B
C
AST
1
1
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
0.71
1
2
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
1.71
1
3
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
2.71
1
4
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
3.71
1
5
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
4.71
1
6
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
5.71
1
7
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
6.71
1
8
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
7.71
1
9
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
8.71
1
10
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
9.71
1
11
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
10.71
1
12
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
11.71
1
13
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
12.71
1
14
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
13.71
1
15
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
14.71
1
16
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
15.71
1
17
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
16.71
1
18
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
17.71
1
19
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
18.71
1
20
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
19.71
1
21
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
20.71
1
22
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
21.71
1
23
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
22.71
1
24
-11.2
-20
1202
0.141
0.103
23.71
2
1
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
0.67
2
2
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
1.67
2
3
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
2.67
2
4
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
3.67
2
5
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
4.67
2
6
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
5.67
2
7
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
6.67
2
8
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
7.67
2
9
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
8.67
2
10
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
9.67
2
11
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
10.67
2
12
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
11.67
2
13
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
12.67
2
14
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
13.67
2
15
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
14.67
2
16
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
15.67
2
17
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
16.67
2
18
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
17.67
2
19
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
18.67
2
20
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
19.67
2
21
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
20.67
2
22
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
21.67
2
23
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
22.67
2
24
-13.9
-10.8
1187
0.142
0.104
23.67
3
1
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
0.78
3
2
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
1.78
3
3
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
2.78
3
4
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
3.78
3
5
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
4.78
3
6
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
5.78
3
7
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
6.78
3
8
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
7.78
3
9
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
8.78
3
10
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
9.78
3
11
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
10.78
3
12
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
11.78
3
13
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
12.78
3
14
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
13.78
3
15
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
14.78
3
16
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
15.78
3
17
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
16.78
3
18
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
17.78
3
19
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
18.78
3
20
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
19.78
3
21
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
20.78
3
22
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
21.78
3
23
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
22.78
3
24
-7.5
0
1164
0.149
0.109
23.78
DIRECT BEAM SOLAR
DIFFUSE SOLAR HEAT GAIN
Total
Direct Surface Surface Ground
Sky Sub-total
Surface
Hour Solar
Solar Normal Incident Direct Diffuse
Y
Diffuse
Diffuse Irradiance
Angle Altitude Azimuth W/m² Angle W/m² W/m²
Ratio
W/m²
W/m²
W/m²
H
β
φ
EDN
θ
-169
-69
-150
0
165
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-154
-61
-123
0
153
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-139
-50
-106
0
139
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-124
-39
-95
0
125
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-109
-27
-85
0
111
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-94
-16
-77
0
97
0
0
0.50
0
0
0.0
-79
-4
-68
0
83
0
0
0.61
0
0
0.0
-64
6
-58
317
69
112
1
0.74
30
31
143.1
-49
15
-48
708
56
393
4
0.89
68
72
464.8
-34
23
-35
841
44
603
6
1.02
81
86
689.2
-19
29
-21
897
34
741
7
1.12
86
93
834.1
-4
31
-5
917
29
803
8
1.17
88
96
898.7
11
31
12
911
30
786
7
1.16
88
95
881.1
26
27
27
878
38
691
7
1.09
84
91
781.9
41
20
41
798
49
522
5
0.97
77
81
603.4
56
12
52
597
62
282
2
0.83
57
60
342.0
71
2
63
11
75
3
0
0.68
1
1
3.9
86
-9
72
0
89
0
0
0.56
0
0
0.0
101
-20
80
0
103
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
116
-32
89
0
117
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
131
-44
99
0
131
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
146
-55
112
0
145
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
161
-65
133
0
158
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
176
-71
167
0
168
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-170
-61
-159
0
170
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-155
-54
-134
0
155
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-140
-45
-117
0
141
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-125
-34
-104
0
126
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-110
-22
-94
0
111
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-95
-11
-85
0
96
0
0
0.50
0
0
0.0
-80
1
-75
0
82
0
0
0.62
0
0
0.1
-65
12
-66
601
67
230
3
0.76
58
61
290.9
-50
22
-54
815
53
487
5
0.92
79
84
570.8
-35
31
-41
900
40
691
7
1.07
87
95
786.2
-20
37
-25
939
28
831
9
1.18
91
100
931.2
-5
40
-6
954
20
897
10
1.24
93
102
998.7
10
40
13
951
22
883
9
1.23
92
102
984.9
25
35
31
929
32
792
9
1.15
90
99
890.7
40
28
46
879
44
629
7
1.02
85
92
721.2
55
19
58
766
58
405
4
0.87
74
79
483.8
70
8
69
448
72
136
2
0.71
44
45
181.3
85
-3
78
0
87
0
0
0.58
0
0
0.0
100
-15
88
0
101
0
0
0.48
0
0
0.0
115
-26
97
0
116
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
130
-38
108
0
131
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
145
-48
122
0
145
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
160
-57
142
0
160
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
175
-62
170
0
175
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-168
-50
-162
0
166
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-153
-44
-141
0
152
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-138
-36
-125
0
138
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-123
-25
-112
0
123
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-108
-14
-102
0
108
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-93
-3
-92
0
93
0
0
0.53
0
0
0.0
-78
9
-83
452
79
90
2
0.65
46
48
137.8
-63
21
-73
761
64
337
5
0.81
77
82
419.4
-48
31
-61
874
49
574
7
0.97
89
96
670.3
-33
41
-47
927
34
765
9
1.12
94
104
869.0
-18
48
-28
952
20
894
11
1.24
97
108
1001.5
-3
51
-5
962
9
950
11
1.29
98
109
1058.9
12
50
18
958
14
928
11
1.27
97
109
1037.0
27
44
39
941
28
832
10
1.18
96
106
937.5
42
36
55
902
42
667
8
1.04
92
100
767.1
57
25
68
823
57
448
6
0.88
84
90
537.7
72
14
78
636
72
198
3
0.72
65
68
266.1
87
3
88
46
87
3
0
0.58
5
5
7.4
102
-9
97
0
101
0
0
0.48
0
0
0.0
117
-21
107
0
116
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
132
-31
119
0
131
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
147
-41
133
0
146
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
162
-48
152
0
160
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
177
-51
175
0
171
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
46
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations cont.
Qc
per
Day
KW
Qc
per
Month
KW
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
34.0
110.5
163.8
198.3
213.6
209.5
185.9
143.4
81.3
0.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
69.2
135.7
186.9
221.4
237.4
234.1
211.7
171.4
115.0
43.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.8
99.7
159.3
206.6
238.1
251.7
246.5
222.9
182.4
127.8
63.2
1.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1054.6
3424.9
5078.8
6146.6
6622.8
6493.2
5762.2
4446.6
2520.2
28.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1936.2
3799.6
5233.0
6198.1
6647.4
6555.9
5928.8
4800.1
3220.0
1207.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1015.3
3090.5
4939.6
6403.9
7380.7
7803.1
7642.0
6908.6
5653.1
3962.1
1960.7
54.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Qcool
∆Tcol
Ts
°C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.1
1.5
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.4
0.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.8
1.3
1.6
1.9
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.0
0.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
85.0
83.7
82.5
82.9
81.5
81.9
82.3
83.9
83.9
84.8
86.4
88.3
90.4
92.3
93.6
94.2
93.8
92.4
91.2
90.8
90.1
89.3
88.2
87.1
85.9
84.9
83.9
82.8
81.7
82.3
82.9
82.4
84.5
85.6
87.3
89.4
91.6
93.6
95.0
95.7
95.5
94.2
92.6
92.6
92.3
91.7
91.0
90.2
89.3
88.5
87.7
86.9
86.0
85.0
84.0
83.8
84.3
85.6
87.4
89.6
91.8
93.8
95.2
95.9
95.6
94.4
92.4
92.2
92.2
92.0
91.5
91.0
Tcol,o
°C
85.0
83.7
82.5
82.9
81.5
81.9
82.3
84.1
84.7
86.1
87.9
90.0
92.1
93.8
94.8
94.9
93.8
92.4
91.2
90.8
90.1
89.3
88.2
87.1
85.9
84.9
83.9
82.8
81.7
82.3
82.9
83.0
85.6
87.1
89.1
91.3
93.4
95.2
96.4
96.6
95.8
94.2
92.6
92.6
92.3
91.7
91.0
90.2
89.3
88.5
87.7
86.9
86.0
85.0
84.3
84.6
85.6
87.2
89.3
91.6
93.8
95.6
96.7
96.9
96.1
94.4
92.4
92.2
92.2
92.0
91.5
91.0
Qheat
Total
Load
W
10% +
Total
Load
KW
∆Tstorage
Temp
Storage
Ts+
-57919
-59738
-61693
-63345
-64736
-65132
12350
31452
54324
69992
81136
89439
96359
101184
101756
93943
71759
62769
-21179
-34751
-43001
-48881
-52931
-55516
-47347
-49317
-51685
-53828
-55351
-55837
22248
48699
69597
85289
96814
105377
113271
119155
121432
116422
102305
83042
-3804
-19613
-29244
-36213
-40886
-44418
-37352
-39711
-42578
-44847
-46436
-46954
41068
63636
81895
96305
107407
116264
124505
131117
133721
130034
119591
98899
9843
-6945
-17586
-25128
-30284
-34296
0
0
0
0
0
0
13.58447
34.5971
59.75607
76.99102
89.24934
98.38319
105.9952
111.302
111.9312
103.3376
78.93528
69.04546
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
24.47298
53.56867
76.55721
93.81767
106.4952
115.9145
124.598
131.07
133.5749
128.0641
112.5354
91.34621
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
45.1753
70.00013
90.08397
105.935
118.1479
127.8904
136.956
144.2286
147.093
143.0377
131.5497
108.7892
10.82699
0
0
0
0
0
-1.25
-1.30
0.47
-1.39
0.39
0.38
1.57
-0.01
0.92
1.57
1.98
2.09
1.87
1.35
0.57
-0.40
-1.41
-1.25
-0.34
-0.67
-0.88
-1.03
-1.13
-1.19
-0.99
-1.04
-1.10
-1.15
0.62
0.61
-0.44
2.09
1.07
1.69
2.08
2.20
1.98
1.46
0.69
-0.24
-1.26
-1.65
0.00
-0.30
-0.54
-0.71
-0.83
-0.91
-0.74
-0.80
-0.87
-0.92
-0.96
-0.98
-0.23
0.54
1.25
1.82
2.17
2.24
1.98
1.42
0.64
-0.28
-1.24
-1.94
-0.20
0.00
-0.25
-0.43
-0.56
-0.66
83.7
82.5
82.9
81.5
81.9
82.3
83.9
83.9
84.8
86.4
88.3
90.4
92.3
93.6
94.2
93.8
92.4
91.2
90.8
90.1
89.3
88.2
87.1
85.9
84.9
83.9
82.8
81.7
82.3
82.9
82.4
84.5
85.6
87.3
89.4
91.6
93.6
95.0
95.7
95.5
94.2
92.6
92.6
92.3
91.7
91.0
90.2
89.3
88.5
87.7
86.9
86.0
85.0
84.0
83.8
84.3
85.6
87.4
89.6
91.8
93.8
95.2
95.9
95.6
94.4
92.4
92.2
92.2
92.0
91.5
91.0
90.3
Qheat
Total
10% Load 80% COP
W
KW
-50204
-52023
-53978
-55630
-57021
-57417
20064
39166
62038
77706
88850
97154
104074
108898
109470
101658
79474
70483
-13465
-27037
-35286
-41166
-45217
-47802
-39632
-41602
-43971
-46113
-47637
-48122
29963
56413
77312
93003
104528
113091
120985
126869
129146
124136
110020
90757
3911
-11898
-21529
-28498
-33172
-36703
-29637
-31997
-34863
-37133
-38721
-39240
48783
71351
89609
104019
115122
123979
132220
138831
141435
137749
127305
106614
17557
770
-9871
-17413
-22570
-26582
69.03044
71.53212
74.2197
76.49147
78.40456
78.94844
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
18.51427
37.17558
48.51824
56.60371
62.1731
65.7276
54.49426
57.20283
60.45983
63.40544
65.50045
66.1684
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16.36031
29.60234
39.18533
45.61128
50.46666
40.75091
43.99521
47.93687
51.05771
53.24177
53.95465
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
13.57257
23.94291
31.03324
36.54985
Qboiler
Qheat
Chiller
COP 6.3
Boiler On
Therms
KW
2.355988
2.441369
2.533096
2.61063
2.675924
2.694486
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.631886
1.268791
1.655913
1.931867
2.121949
2.243263
1.859872
1.952315
2.063475
2.164008
2.23551
2.258307
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.558372
1.010319
1.337383
1.556699
1.722411
1.390816
1.501543
1.636071
1.742584
1.817125
1.841456
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.463228
0.817164
1.059155
1.247435
0
0
100
0
100
100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1-1
1-2
1-3
1-4
1-5
1-6
1-7
1-8
1-9
1-10
1-11
1-12
1-13
1-14
1-15
1-16
1-17
1-18
1-19
1-20
1-21
1-22
1-23
1-24
2-1
2-2
2-3
2-4
2-5
2-6
2-7
2-8
2-9
2-10
2-11
2-12
2-13
2-14
2-15
2-16
2-17
2-18
2-19
2-20
2-21
2-22
2-23
2-24
3-1
3-2
3-3
3-4
3-5
3-6
3-7
3-8
3-9
3-10
3-11
3-12
3-13
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
3-18
3-19
3-20
3-21
3-22
3-23
3-24
KW
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
5.5
9.5
12.2
14.2
15.6
16.8
17.7
17.8
16.4
12.5
11.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.9
8.5
12.2
14.9
16.9
18.4
19.8
20.8
21.2
20.3
17.9
14.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.2
11.1
14.3
16.8
18.8
20.3
21.7
22.9
23.3
22.7
20.9
17.3
1.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
47
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations cont.
SOLAR INTENSITY AND POSITION DATA
Local Equation
A
B
C Apparent
Standard of Time, Declination
(Dimensionless
Solar
Month
Hour
min.
degrees
W/m²
Ratios)
Time, hours
LST
ET
DECL
A
B
C
AST
4
1
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
0.92
4
2
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
1.92
4
3
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
2.92
4
4
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
3.92
4
5
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
4.92
4
6
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
5.92
4
7
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
6.92
4
8
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
7.92
4
9
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
8.92
4
10
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
9.92
4
11
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
10.92
4
12
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
11.92
4
13
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
12.92
4
14
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
13.92
4
15
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
14.92
4
16
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
15.92
4
17
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
16.92
4
18
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
17.92
4
19
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
18.92
4
20
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
19.92
4
21
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
20.92
4
22
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
21.92
4
23
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
22.92
4
24
1.1
11.6
1130
0.164
0.12
23.92
5
1
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
0.96
5
2
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
1.96
5
3
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
2.96
5
4
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
3.96
5
5
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
4.96
5
6
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
5.96
5
7
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
6.96
5
8
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
7.96
5
9
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
8.96
5
10
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
9.96
5
11
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
10.96
5
12
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
11.96
5
13
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
12.96
5
14
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
13.96
5
15
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
14.96
5
16
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
15.96
5
17
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
16.96
5
18
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
17.96
5
19
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
18.96
5
20
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
19.96
5
21
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
20.96
Hour
Solar
Angle Altitude
H
β
-166
-38
-151
-33
-136
-25
-121
-16
-106
-5
-91
6
-76
18
-61
30
-46
41
-31
51
-16
59
-1
63
14
60
29
53
44
43
59
32
74
20
89
8
104
-3
119
-14
134
-24
149
-32
164
-38
179
-40
-166
-30
-151
-25
-136
-18
-121
-9
-106
1
-91
12
-76
23
-61
35
-46
47
-31
58
-16
67
-1
71
14
68
29
59
44
48
59
36
74
24
89
13
104
2
119
-8
134
-17
DIRECT BEAM SOLAR
DIFFUSE SOLAR HEAT GAIN
Total
Direct Surface Surface Ground
Sky Sub-total
Surface
Solar Normal Incident Direct Diffuse
Y
Diffuse
Diffuse Irradiance
Azimuth W/m²
Angle W/m² W/m²
Ratio
W/m²
W/m²
W/m²
φ
EDN
θ
-163
0
156
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-146
0
145
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-131
0
132
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-119
0
118
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-109
0
104
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-100
250
89
2
1
0.55
28
29
31.1
-91
663
75
173
4
0.69
74
78
250.8
-81
811
60
402
7
0.84
91
97
499.7
-69
880
46
616
9
1.01
99
108
723.6
-54
916
31
786
11
1.16
103
114
899.6
-33
934
16
897
12
1.26
105
117
1013.5
-3
940
3
939
13
1.30
105
118
1056.5
28
936
14
908
12
1.27
105
117
1025.5
51
920
28
808
11
1.18
103
114
922.8
67
887
43
647
9
1.04
99
109
756.0
79
826
58
439
7
0.87
92
100
538.8
89
697
73
209
4
0.71
78
82
291.7
98
355
87
18
1
0.57
40
41
58.9
108
0
102
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
118
0
116
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
129
0
130
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
143
0
143
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
160
0
154
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
178
0
160
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-164
0
148
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-149
0
139
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-136
0
128
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-125
0
115
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-115
0
102
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-106
465
88
18
2
0.57
56
59
77.0
-98
706
74
198
5
0.70
86
91
288.9
-89
812
60
411
8
0.85
99
106
516.9
-78
867
46
607
10
1.01
105
115
722.0
-64
897
32
762
12
1.15
109
121
883.0
-41
913
19
863
13
1.24
111
124
986.3
-2
918
11
899
13
1.28
111
125
1023.8
38
913
18
869
13
1.25
111
124
992.5
62
899
31
774
12
1.16
109
121
894.8
77
870
44
623
10
1.02
106
116
738.5
88
819
58
430
8
0.87
99
107
536.7
97
719
72
217
5
0.71
87
92
309.6
106
498
86
31
2
0.58
60
63
93.4
114
4
100
0
0
0.48
0
0
0.5
124
0
114
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
135
0
127
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
5
22
3.3
20
1106
0.177
0.13
21.96
149
-25
148
0
138
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
3.3
3.3
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
-1.4
20
20
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
23.45
1106
1106
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
1092
0.177
0.177
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.185
0.13
0.13
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
0.137
22.96
23.96
0.88
1.88
2.88
3.88
4.88
5.88
6.88
7.88
8.88
9.88
10.88
11.88
12.88
13.88
14.88
15.88
16.88
17.88
18.88
19.88
20.88
21.88
22.88
23.88
164
179
-167
-152
-137
-122
-107
-92
-77
-62
-47
-32
-17
-2
13
28
43
58
73
88
103
118
133
148
163
178
-30
-31
-27
-23
-16
-8
2
13
24
36
48
59
69
75
71
62
50
39
27
16
5
-5
-14
-21
-26
-28
163
179
-166
-152
-139
-128
-119
-110
-101
-93
-83
-70
-48
-7
40
66
80
91
99
108
116
126
136
149
163
178
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
479
696
797
850
880
896
902
898
885
859
813
728
552
122
0
0
0
0
0
148
151
146
138
127
115
102
88
75
61
47
34
22
15
20
31
44
57
71
85
98
112
124
135
144
148
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
14
185
388
578
730
831
871
846
760
619
437
234
49
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
5
8
10
12
13
13
13
12
10
8
6
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.56
0.69
0.84
0.99
1.13
1.22
1.26
1.24
1.16
1.03
0.88
0.72
0.59
0.49
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
61
89
102
109
112
115
115
115
113
110
104
93
71
16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
64
94
110
119
124
127
129
128
125
120
112
99
74
16
0
0
0
0
0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
77.8
278.9
497.5
696.2
854.4
958.2
999.2
974.3
885.4
739.6
549.3
333.1
122.2
16.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
48
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations cont.
Qcool
Qc
per
Day
KW
Qc
per
Month
KW
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
7.4
59.6
118.8
172.0
213.9
240.9
251.2
243.8
219.4
179.7
128.1
69.4
14.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
18.3
68.7
122.9
171.6
209.9
234.5
243.4
235.9
212.7
175.6
127.6
73.6
22.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
221.7
1788.4
3564.0
5160.2
6415.7
7227.9
7534.9
7313.7
6580.8
5391.8
3842.3
2080.6
420.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
567.3
2129.0
3809.5
5320.3
6507.0
7268.6
7544.7
7314.0
6594.2
5442.2
3955.2
2281.5
688.2
3.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
1.0
1.4
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
90.3
89.9
89.4
88.8
88.2
87.5
87.1
87.0
87.6
88.8
90.5
92.5
94.4
96.0
97.1
97.4
96.7
95.2
92.9
92.3
92.1
92.1
92.1
91.9
91.5
91.5
91.5
91.3
91.1
90.8
91.2
90.8
91.1
91.9
93.2
94.7
96.1
97.2
97.7
97.4
96.3
94.3
91.7
90.6
89.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
18.5
66.3
118.3
165.5
203.1
227.8
237.5
231.6
210.5
175.8
130.6
79.2
29.1
3.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
554.9
1989.0
3547.8
4965.2
6093.1
6833.3
7126.1
6948.6
6314.6
5274.8
3917.4
2375.6
871.7
114.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Qheat
Qheat
Qboiler
Qheat
Total
Load
W
10% +
Total
Load
KW
∆Tstorage
Temp
Storage
Ts+
Therms
KW
90.3
89.9
89.4
88.8
88.2
87.6
87.6
87.9
88.9
90.5
92.4
94.5
96.3
97.8
98.5
98.4
97.3
95.3
92.9
92.3
92.1
92.1
92.1
91.9
91.5
91.5
91.5
91.3
91.1
91.0
91.7
91.8
92.4
93.6
95.1
96.6
98.0
98.9
99.1
98.5
96.9
94.5
91.7
90.6
89.9
-24387
-27627
-30724
-33440
-35125
-29630
59379
78769
95144
109027
120328
130364
139774
146898
150193
147658
140373
125454
30036
10998
-1094
-9750
-16185
-20467
-6465
-10254
-13838
-16681
-18757
-7218
79960
98006
113225
126398
138759
149820
160238
168176
172870
171761
166624
154919
55225
34106
20356
0
0
0
0
0
0
65.31662
86.64614
104.6589
119.9299
132.361
143.3999
153.7519
161.5875
165.2122
162.4239
154.4098
137.999
33.03925
12.0974
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
87.95589
107.807
124.5472
139.0378
152.6347
164.8018
176.2615
184.9938
190.157
188.9372
183.2868
170.4111
60.74748
37.51654
22.39118
-0.42
-0.50
-0.57
-0.64
-0.68
-0.41
-0.10
0.58
1.22
1.70
1.97
1.95
1.63
1.05
0.26
-0.62
-1.54
-2.25
-0.60
-0.22
0.00
-0.05
-0.21
-0.32
0.00
-0.06
-0.15
-0.22
-0.28
0.33
-0.35
0.27
0.85
1.28
1.48
1.42
1.08
0.50
-0.26
-1.11
-1.99
-2.68
-1.10
-0.68
-0.41
89.9
89.4
88.8
88.2
87.5
87.1
87.0
87.6
88.8
90.5
92.5
94.4
96.0
97.1
97.4
96.7
95.2
92.9
92.3
92.1
92.1
92.1
91.9
91.5
91.5
91.5
91.3
91.1
90.8
91.2
90.8
91.1
91.9
93.2
94.7
96.1
97.2
97.7
97.4
96.3
94.3
91.7
90.6
89.9
89.5
-16672
-19913
-23010
-25725
-27411
-21916
67093
86484
102859
116742
128043
138078
147489
154612
157907
155373
148087
133168
37750
18712
6620
-2035
-8471
-12753
1250
-2540
-6124
-8966
-11043
496
87674
105721
120939
134113
146473
157534
167952
175891
180585
179476
174339
162634
62940
41821
28070
22.924
27.38012
31.63848
35.37223
37.68989
30.13423
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.798117
11.64715
17.53511
0
3.49206
8.419944
12.32838
15.18363
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.782389
0.934475
1.079812
1.207243
1.286344
1.028472
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.095499
0.397514
0.598468
0
0.119183
0.28737
0.420764
0.518213
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
89.5
89.5
10601
11.6606
-0.21
89.3
18315
0
0
89.3
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.1
89.1
89.4
88.8
88.8
89.4
90.3
91.5
92.6
93.4
93.7
93.2
91.8
89.7
86.8
85.5
84.6
83.9
83.5
83.2
89.3
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.1
89.2
89.9
89.7
90.1
91.0
92.1
93.4
94.5
95.1
95.1
94.2
92.5
89.9
86.9
85.5
84.6
83.9
83.5
83.2
3210
-1967
2554
-1679
-5355
-8578
-10420
1998
89165
107036
122250
135644
148037
159913
170975
179585
184819
184627
179901
169865
71457
46657
31783
20920
12899
7201
3.531529
0
2.809627
0
0
0
0
2.197302
98.08148
117.7391
134.4751
149.2081
162.8412
175.9042
188.0725
197.5435
203.3004
203.0894
197.8912
186.8518
78.60261
51.32265
34.96128
23.01245
14.18895
7.920991
-0.06
0.00
-0.05
0.00
0.00
-0.02
-0.06
0.30
-0.58
0.01
0.56
0.98
1.18
1.12
0.79
0.23
-0.50
-1.31
-2.15
-2.86
-1.35
-0.93
-0.63
-0.42
-0.26
-0.14
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.2
89.1
89.1
89.4
88.8
88.8
89.4
90.3
91.5
92.6
93.4
93.7
93.2
91.8
89.7
86.8
85.5
84.6
83.9
83.5
83.2
83.1
∆Tcol
Ts
°C
Tcol,o
°C
Total
10% Load 80% COP
W
KW
Chiller
COP 6.3
Boiler On
10925
0
0
5748
0
0
10269
0
0
6036
0
0
2359
0
0
-863 1.187086 0.040515
-2705 3.71965
0.12695
9712
0
0
96880
0
0
114750
0
0
129965
0
0
143358
0
0
155752
0
0
167627
0
0
178690
0
0
187300
0
0
192533
0
0
192341
0
0
187616
0
0
177580
0
0
79171
0
0
54372
0
0
39498
0
0
28635
0
0
20614
0
0
14915
0
0
4-1
4-2
4-3
4-4
4-5
4-6
4-7
4-8
4-9
4-10
4-11
4-12
4-13
4-14
4-15
4-16
4-17
4-18
4-19
4-20
4-21
4-22
4-23
4-24
5-1
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-5
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-13
5-14
5-15
5-16
5-17
5-18
5-19
5-20
5-21
KW
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.4
13.8
16.6
19.0
21.0
22.8
24.4
25.6
26.2
25.8
24.5
21.9
5.2
1.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.0
17.1
19.8
22.1
24.2
26.2
28.0
29.4
30.2
30.0
29.1
27.0
9.6
6.0
3.6
0 5-22
1.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
5-23
5-24
6-1
6-2
6-3
6-4
6-5
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-10
6-11
6-12
6-13
6-14
6-15
6-16
6-17
6-18
6-19
6-20
6-21
6-22
6-23
6-24
0.6
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
15.6
18.7
21.3
23.7
25.8
27.9
29.9
31.4
32.3
32.2
31.4
29.7
12.5
8.1
5.5
3.7
2.3
1.3
49
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations cont.
SOLAR INTENSITY AND POSITION DATA
Local Equation
A
B
C Apparent
Standard of Time, Declination
(Dimensionless
Solar
Month
Hour
min.
degrees
W/m²
Ratios)
Time, hours
LST
ET
DECL
A
B
C
AST
7
1
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
0.80
7
2
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
1.80
7
3
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
2.80
7
4
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
3.80
7
5
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
4.80
7
6
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
5.80
7
7
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
6.80
7
8
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
7.80
7
9
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
8.80
7
10
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
9.80
7
11
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
10.80
7
12
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
11.80
7
13
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
12.80
7
14
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
13.80
7
15
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
14.80
7
16
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
15.80
7
17
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
16.80
7
18
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
17.80
7
19
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
18.80
7
20
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
19.80
7
21
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
20.80
7
22
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
21.80
7
23
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
22.80
7
24
-6.2
20.6
1093
0.186
0.138
23.80
8
1
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
0.86
8
2
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
1.86
8
3
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
2.86
8
4
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
3.86
8
5
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
4.86
8
6
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
5.86
8
7
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
6.86
8
8
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
7.86
8
9
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
8.86
8
10
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
9.86
8
11
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
10.86
8
12
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
11.86
8
13
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
12.86
8
14
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
13.86
8
15
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
14.86
8
16
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
15.86
8
17
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
16.86
8
18
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
17.86
8
19
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
18.86
8
20
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
19.86
8
21
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
20.86
8
22
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
21.86
8
23
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
22.86
8
24
-2.4
12.3
1107
0.182
0.134
23.86
9
1
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
1.03
9
2
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
2.03
9
3
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
3.03
9
4
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
4.03
9
5
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
5.03
9
6
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
6.03
9
7
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
7.03
9
8
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
8.03
9
9
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
9.03
9
10
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
10.03
9
11
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
11.03
9
12
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
12.03
9
13
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
13.03
9
14
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
14.03
9
15
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
15.03
9
16
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
16.03
9
17
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
17.03
9
18
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
18.03
9
19
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
19.03
9
20
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
20.03
9
21
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
21.03
9
22
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
22.03
9
23
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
23.03
9
24
7.5
0
1136
0.165
0.121
24.03
Hour
Solar
Angle Altitude
H
β
-168
-30
-153
-26
-138
-19
-123
-10
-108
0
-93
10
-78
22
-63
33
-48
45
-33
56
-18
66
-3
72
12
69
27
61
42
50
57
38
72
26
87
15
102
4
117
-6
132
-16
147
-23
162
-29
177
-31
-167
-38
-152
-33
-137
-25
-122
-16
-107
-5
-92
6
-77
18
-62
29
-47
41
-32
51
-17
60
-2
64
13
61
28
54
43
44
58
33
73
21
88
9
103
-2
118
-13
133
-23
148
-31
163
-37
178
-39
-165
-49
-150
-42
-135
-33
-120
-23
-105
-11
-90
0
-75
12
-60
23
-45
34
-30
43
-15
49
0
51
15
49
30
42
45
33
60
23
75
11
90
0
105
-12
120
-23
135
-34
150
-43
165
-49
180
-51
DIRECT BEAM SOLAR
DIFFUSE SOLAR HEAT GAIN
Total
Direct Surface Surface Ground
Sky Sub-total
Surface
Solar Normal Incident Direct Diffuse
Y
Diffuse
Diffuse Irradiance
Azimuth W/m²
Angle W/m² W/m²
Ratio
W/m²
W/m²
W/m²
φ
EDN
θ
-167
0
149
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-152
0
141
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-139
0
130
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-127
0
117
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-117
0
104
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-108
389
90
1
2
0.55
50
52
52.9
-100
662
76
161
5
0.68
85
90
251.1
-91
780
62
368
7
0.83
100
108
475.5
-81
841
48
564
10
0.98
108
118
681.9
-67
874
34
724
11
1.13
113
124
847.9
-46
892
21
832
13
1.23
115
127
959.1
-9
899
12
878
13
1.28
116
129
1006.5
33
896
17
858
13
1.26
115
128
986.4
60
883
29
775
12
1.17
114
126
900.4
76
857
42
635
10
1.05
110
121
755.2
87
809
56
451
8
0.89
104
112
563.1
96
720
70
244
6
0.73
93
98
342.5
105
532
84
54
3
0.60
68
71
125.2
113
69
98
0
0
0.50
9
9
9.1
123
0
112
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
134
0
125
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
146
0
136
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
161
0
146
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
177
0
151
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-164
0
156
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-147
0
145
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-133
0
133
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-121
0
119
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-110
0
105
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-101
195
90
0
1
0.55
24
25
24.9
-92
608
76
150
4
0.68
76
80
229.7
-82
764
61
369
6
0.83
95
102
471.3
-71
838
46
577
9
1.00
105
114
691.0
-56
877
32
745
11
1.15
110
120
865.6
-35
897
17
856
12
1.25
112
124
980.4
-5
904
4
901
12
1.30
113
125
1026.5
27
900
13
876
12
1.27
112
125
1000.5
51
884
28
783
11
1.18
110
122
904.3
67
851
42
629
9
1.04
106
116
745.2
79
790
57
430
7
0.88
99
106
536.3
89
665
72
210
4
0.72
83
88
297.6
98
357
86
24
1
0.58
45
46
69.9
108
0
101
0
0
0.48
0
0
0.0
118
0
115
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
129
0
129
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
143
0
142
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
159
0
153
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
177
0
159
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-156
0
162
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-137
0
149
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-122
0
134
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-110
0
119
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-99
0
104
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-90
0
90
0
0
0.55
0
0
0.0
-80
513
75
134
2
0.69
58
60
194.6
-70
749
60
374
5
0.85
85
90
464.1
-58
845
45
595
8
1.01
95
103
697.6
-42
891
31
766
10
1.16
101
110
876.4
-23
914
17
874
11
1.25
103
114
988.1
1
920
9
910
11
1.29
104
115
1024.8
24
913
18
870
11
1.25
103
114
984.2
43
890
31
759
9
1.15
100
110
869.0
58
841
46
585
8
1.00
95
103
687.1
70
741
61
362
5
0.84
84
89
451.2
81
493
76
123
2
0.68
56
58
180.8
90
0
90
0
0
0.55
0
0
0.0
100
0
105
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
110
0
120
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
122
0
135
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
138
0
149
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
157
0
163
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
179
0
171
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
50
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations cont.
Qc
per
Day
KW
Qc
per
Month
KW
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.6
59.7
113.0
162.1
201.6
228.0
239.3
234.5
214.0
179.5
133.9
81.4
29.8
2.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.9
54.6
112.0
164.3
205.8
233.1
244.0
237.8
215.0
177.2
127.5
70.7
16.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
46.3
110.3
165.8
208.3
234.9
243.6
234.0
206.6
163.3
107.3
43.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
389.8
1850.3
3503.9
5024.8
6248.4
7067.8
7417.0
7268.9
6635.0
5565.3
4149.4
2524.3
922.5
67.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
183.8
1693.1
3473.3
5092.5
6379.0
7225.0
7564.8
7373.0
6663.8
5491.8
3952.0
2193.0
515.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1387.8
3309.4
4974.8
6250.2
7046.4
7308.6
7019.0
6197.2
4899.9
3218.0
1289.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Qcool
∆Tcol
Ts
°C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.1
0.6
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.9
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.9
1.9
1.7
1.4
1.0
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.4
0.9
1.3
1.7
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.3
0.9
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
83.1
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.2
82.5
82.4
84.7
85.6
86.7
87.7
88.4
88.6
88.0
86.6
84.4
81.5
81.8
82.7
82.0
83.3
83.0
82.8
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.8
82.2
83.9
84.4
85.4
86.5
87.6
88.4
88.5
87.9
86.4
84.1
81.1
81.5
82.4
83.6
83.1
82.9
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.6
82.5
84.1
83.9
83.2
83.2
83.9
84.9
86.2
87.4
88.1
88.2
87.5
85.8
83.3
80.3
81.0
82.1
83.4
83.1
83.0
Tcol,o
°C
83.1
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.1
83.7
83.4
83.7
86.3
87.4
88.6
89.6
90.1
90.0
89.1
87.3
84.6
81.5
81.8
82.7
82.0
83.3
83.0
82.8
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.8
83.3
83.0
85.2
86.1
87.2
88.5
89.5
90.1
89.9
88.9
87.0
84.2
81.1
81.5
82.4
83.6
83.1
82.9
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.6
82.5
84.1
84.2
84.1
84.6
85.5
86.8
88.1
89.2
89.8
89.5
88.3
86.2
83.3
80.3
81.0
82.1
83.4
83.1
83.0
Qheat
Total
Load
W
10% +
Total
Load
KW
∆Tstorage
Temp
Storage
Ts+
4588
-2
-4073
-7377
-9573
673
88690
107555
123884
139043
152845
165717
177337
186592
191863
191318
185666
174170
74192
50281
34941
23762
15366
9598
3472
-679
-4658
-7916
-10099
-5520
84123
104866
123306
139573
154044
167253
178853
187825
192058
189717
181485
165858
68159
46780
32602
21864
14001
8374
-2828
-6840
-10416
-13607
-15770
-16155
75086
98831
118976
135944
150283
163237
174766
183011
185778
180671
167568
146447
56387
37111
24221
14298
7028
1584
5.046754
0
0
0
0
0.740444
97.55916
118.3105
136.2719
152.947
168.1294
182.2884
195.071
205.2507
211.0493
210.4496
204.2331
191.587
81.61136
55.30863
38.43465
26.13799
16.90265
10.55775
3.818922
0
0
0
0
0
92.53576
115.3522
135.6364
153.5301
169.4484
183.9784
196.7379
206.6079
211.2636
208.6883
199.6334
182.4436
74.97456
51.45807
35.86196
24.05042
15.40151
9.210915
0
0
0
0
0
0
82.59458
108.7145
130.8733
149.5383
165.3114
179.5604
192.2425
201.3122
204.3554
198.7376
184.3246
161.0919
62.0257
40.8225
26.64262
15.72804
7.730721
1.742722
-0.09
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.21
-0.69
-0.10
2.28
0.88
1.08
1.03
0.71
0.16
-0.57
-1.39
-2.22
-2.93
0.37
0.81
-0.70
1.34
-0.31
-0.19
-0.07
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.11
-0.69
1.75
0.52
0.95
1.15
1.09
0.74
0.15
-0.62
-1.47
-2.33
-3.00
0.45
0.88
1.16
-0.44
-0.28
-0.17
0.00
0.00
-0.07
-0.15
1.61
-0.21
-0.66
0.03
0.63
1.07
1.26
1.16
0.76
0.10
-0.74
-1.66
-2.56
-2.92
0.69
1.07
1.33
-0.28
-0.14
-0.03
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.0
83.2
82.5
82.4
84.7
85.6
86.7
87.7
88.4
88.6
88.0
86.6
84.4
81.5
81.8
82.7
82.0
83.3
83.0
82.8
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.8
82.2
83.9
84.4
85.4
86.5
87.6
88.4
88.5
87.9
86.4
84.1
81.1
81.5
82.4
83.6
83.1
82.9
82.7
82.7
82.7
82.6
82.5
84.1
83.9
83.2
83.2
83.9
84.9
86.2
87.4
88.1
88.2
87.5
85.8
83.3
80.3
81.0
82.1
83.4
83.1
83.0
83.0
Qheat
Total
10% Load 80% COP
W
KW
17765
13176
9104
5800
3605
13850
101867
120732
137061
152220
166022
178894
190514
199769
205040
204495
198844
187347
87369
63458
48118
36939
28543
22775
14356
10205
6226
2968
785
5365
95008
115750
134190
150457
164928
178138
189737
198710
202942
200601
192369
176742
79043
57665
43486
32748
24886
19258
4887
875
-2701
-5893
-8056
-8441
82801
106546
126690
143658
157998
170951
182480
190726
193492
188385
175282
154162
64102
44826
31935
22013
14742
9299
Qboiler
Qheat
Chiller
COP 6.3
Boiler On
Therms
KW
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.714357 0.12677
8.102689 0.276542
11.07645 0.378036
11.60594 0.396107
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
100
0
0
0
7-1
7-2
7-3
7-4
7-5
7-6
7-7
7-8
7-9
7-10
7-11
7-12
7-13
7-14
7-15
7-16
7-17
7-18
7-19
7-20
7-21
7-22
7-23
7-24
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-4
8-5
8-6
8-7
8-8
8-9
8-10
8-11
8-12
8-13
8-14
8-15
8-16
8-17
8-18
8-19
8-20
8-21
8-22
8-23
8-24
9-1
9-2
9-3
9-4
9-5
9-6
9-7
9-8
9-9
9-10
9-11
9-12
9-13
9-14
9-15
9-16
9-17
9-18
9-19
9-20
9-21
9-22
9-23
9-24
KW
6.3
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
15.5
18.8
21.6
24.3
26.7
28.9
31.0
32.6
33.5
33.4
32.4
30.4
13.0
8.8
6.1
4.1
2.7
1.7
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
14.7
18.3
21.5
24.4
26.9
29.2
31.2
32.8
33.5
33.1
31.7
29.0
11.9
8.2
5.7
3.8
2.4
1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
13.1
17.3
20.8
23.7
26.2
28.5
30.5
32.0
32.4
31.5
29.3
25.6
9.8
6.5
4.2
2.5
1.2
0.3
51
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations cont.
SOLAR INTENSITY AND POSITION DATA
Local Equation
A
B
C Apparent
Standard of Time, Declination
(Dimensionless
Solar
Month Hour
min.
degrees
W/m²
Ratios)
Time, hours
LST
ET
DECL
A
B
C
AST
10
1
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
1.16
10
2
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
2.16
10
3
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
3.16
10
4
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
4.16
10
5
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
5.16
10
6
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
6.16
10
7
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
7.16
10
8
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
8.16
10
9
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
9.16
10
10
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
10.16
10
11
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
11.16
10
12
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
12.16
10
13
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
13.16
10
14
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
14.16
10
15
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
15.16
10
16
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
16.16
10
17
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
17.16
10
18
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
18.16
10
19
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
19.16
10
20
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
20.16
10
21
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
21.16
10
22
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
22.16
10
23
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
23.16
10
24
15.4
-10.5
1166
0.152
0.111
24.16
11
1
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
1.13
11
2
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
2.13
11
3
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
3.13
11
4
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
4.13
11
5
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
5.13
11
6
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
6.13
11
7
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
7.13
11
8
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
8.13
11
9
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
9.13
11
10
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
10.13
11
11
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
11.13
11
12
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
12.13
11
13
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
13.13
11
14
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
14.13
11
15
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
15.13
11
16
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
16.13
11
17
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
17.13
11
18
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
18.13
11
19
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
19.13
11
20
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
20.13
11
21
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
21.13
11
22
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
22.13
11
23
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
23.13
11
24
13.8
-19.8
1190
0.144
0.106
24.13
12
1
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
0.93
12
2
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
1.93
12
3
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
2.93
12
4
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
3.93
12
5
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
4.93
12
6
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
5.93
12
7
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
6.93
12
8
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
7.93
12
9
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
8.93
12
10
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
9.93
12
11
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
10.93
12
12
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
11.93
12
13
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
12.93
12
14
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
13.93
12
15
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
14.93
12
16
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
15.93
12
17
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
16.93
12
18
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
17.93
12
19
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
18.93
12
20
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
19.93
12
21
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
20.93
12
22
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
21.93
12
23
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
22.93
12
24
1.6
-23.45
1204
0.141
0.103
23.93
Hour Solar
Angle Altitude
H
β
-163
-58
-148
-50
-133
-39
-118
-28
-103
-16
-88
-5
-73
7
-58
17
-43
27
-28
35
-13
40
2
41
17
38
32
32
47
24
62
14
77
3
92
-8
107
-20
122
-32
137
-43
152
-53
167
-60
182
-62
-163
-66
-148
-57
-133
-46
-118
-34
-103
-22
-88
-11
-73
0
-58
10
-43
19
-28
26
-13
30
2
32
17
30
32
24
47
17
62
8
77
-3
92
-14
107
-25
122
-37
137
-48
152
-59
167
-68
182
-71
-166
-71
-151
-61
-136
-50
-121
-38
-106
-27
-91
-15
-76
-4
-61
6
-46
14
-31
22
-16
26
-1
28
14
27
29
22
44
16
59
7
74
-3
89
-14
104
-25
119
-36
134
-48
149
-60
164
-70
179
-75
DIRECT BEAM SOLAR
DIFFUSE SOLAR HEAT GAIN
Total
Direct Surface Surface Ground
Sky Sub-total Surface
Solar Normal Incident Direct Diffuse
Y
Diffuse
Diffuse Irradiance
Azimuth W/m² Angle W/m² W/m²
Ratio
W/m²
W/m²
W/m²
φ
EDN
θ
-146
0
163
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-125
0
148
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-111
0
133
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-99
0
119
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-89
0
104
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-80
0
89
0
0
0.56
0
0
0.0
-71
314
75
83
1
0.69
33
33
116.1
-60
700
60
345
4
0.84
73
76
421.8
-48
833
47
573
6
1.00
86
93
666.0
-34
892
33
744
8
1.13
92
101
844.9
-16
919
23
847
9
1.22
95
104
951.0
3
925
19
873
9
1.24
96
105
978.6
22
913
26
823
9
1.20
95
103
926.0
39
878
37
698
8
1.09
91
99
796.4
52
803
51
507
6
0.95
83
89
596.2
64
625
65
265
3
0.79
65
68
332.7
74
73
79
14
0
0.64
8
8
21.4
83
0
94
0
0
0.52
0
0
0.0
92
0
108
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
103
0
123
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
115
0
138
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
131
0
153
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
155
0
167
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
175
0
177
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-137
0
160
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-115
0
147
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-101
0
133
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-91
0
119
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-82
0
105
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-73
0
91
0
0
0.54
0
0
0.0
-64
0
77
0
0
0.66
0
0
0.0
-54
531
64
235
2
0.80
53
55
289.5
-43
766
51
482
4
0.95
76
80
562.7
-29
857
40
661
6
1.07
85
91
751.8
-14
895
31
767
7
1.15
89
96
862.6
2
904
28
796
8
1.18
89
97
892.8
18
889
33
746
7
1.14
88
95
841.4
33
840
42
621
6
1.04
83
89
710.1
46
726
54
425
4
0.91
72
76
500.5
57
410
67
159
1
0.77
41
42
200.8
67
0
81
0
0
0.63
0
0
0.0
75
0
95
0
0
0.52
0
0
0.0
84
0
109
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
93
0
123
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
104
0
137
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
120
0
151
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
145
0
163
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
174
0
169
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-138
0
160
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-113
0
149
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-99
0
135
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-89
0
122
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-80
0
108
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
-72
0
94
0
0
0.52
0
0
0.0
-63
0
81
0
0
0.63
0
0
0.0
-54
290
68
110
1
0.76
28
29
138.7
-43
685
55
390
3
0.90
66
69
459.5
-31
820
44
588
5
1.03
79
84
672.4
-16
875
36
711
6
1.11
84
90
801.6
-1
892
32
756
7
1.15
86
93
849.0
14
879
35
723
7
1.12
85
91
813.7
29
831
43
611
5
1.04
80
85
696.5
41
713
54
424
4
0.92
69
72
496.4
52
382
66
157
1
0.78
37
38
194.5
62
0
79
0
0
0.65
0
0
0.0
71
0
92
0
0
0.53
0
0
0.0
79
0
106
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
87
0
120
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
97
0
133
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
111
0
147
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
133
0
159
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
176
0
165
0
0
0.45
0
0
0.0
52
Appendix A. Collector, Storage, and Boiler Calcuations cont.
Qc
per
Day
KW
Qc
per
Month
KW
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
27.6
100.3
158.3
200.9
226.1
232.6
220.1
189.3
141.7
79.1
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
68.8
133.8
178.7
205.0
212.2
200.0
168.8
119.0
47.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
33.0
109.2
159.8
190.6
201.8
193.4
165.6
118.0
46.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
855.7
3108.7
4908.0
6226.6
7008.4
7211.4
6824.2
5868.6
4393.6
2451.4
157.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2064.8
4012.8
5361.5
6151.5
6366.9
6000.6
5064.3
3569.4
1432.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1022.2
3386.0
4955.3
5907.5
6256.3
5996.6
5132.6
3658.0
1433.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Qcool
∆Tcol
Ts
°C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.8
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.1
1.4
1.6
1.7
1.6
1.3
0.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.9
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.3
0.9
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
83.0
82.8
82.6
82.2
83.6
83.2
82.7
82.0
83.9
84.6
85.8
87.2
88.4
89.2
89.3
88.5
86.8
84.1
81.6
82.7
82.2
83.9
83.8
83.8
83.8
83.0
82.1
83.0
82.1
82.9
81.9
83.1
83.2
84.1
85.4
87.1
88.6
89.8
90.2
89.8
88.4
86.5
84.7
84.6
84.6
84.2
83.8
83.1
82.4
83.0
81.6
82.0
82.4
82.8
81.3
82.9
82.9
83.8
85.4
87.2
89.1
90.7
91.7
91.9
91.0
89.6
88.4
88.1
87.4
86.4
85.4
84.2
Tcol,o
°C
83.0
82.8
82.6
82.2
83.6
83.2
82.9
82.8
85.2
86.2
87.6
89.0
90.1
90.7
90.4
89.2
86.8
84.1
81.6
82.7
82.2
83.9
83.8
83.8
83.8
83.0
82.1
83.0
82.1
82.9
81.9
83.7
84.3
85.5
87.1
88.7
90.2
91.1
91.2
90.2
88.4
86.5
84.7
84.6
84.6
84.2
83.8
83.1
82.4
83.0
81.6
82.0
82.4
82.8
81.3
83.1
83.8
85.1
86.9
88.8
90.6
92.0
92.7
92.3
91.0
89.6
88.4
88.1
87.4
86.4
85.4
84.2
Qheat
Total
Load
W
10% +
Total
Load
KW
∆Tstorage
Temp
Storage
Ts+
-14451
-17673
-21051
-24145
-25930
-26240
60327
86668
107626
124095
137251
149315
159832
167020
167812
159700
138592
125757
38280
21087
9493
612
-5736
-10542
-39022
-41666
-44127
-46321
-47876
-48371
29704
56817
78470
94021
105722
115484
123691
128941
127846
115384
97269
88648
3908
-10899
-20281
-27355
-32580
-36070
-59361
-61204
-63500
-65199
-66614
-67021
10787
29518
52740
68448
79707
88259
95449
99878
98698
86285
69246
61518
-22039
-35641
-44126
-50009
-54009
-56916
0
0
0
0
0
0
66.35956
95.3349
118.3883
136.5045
150.9764
164.246
175.8152
183.7224
184.5936
175.67
152.4513
138.3325
42.10846
23.19619
10.4425
0.673275
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
32.67433
62.49883
86.31665
103.4234
116.2946
127.0322
136.0596
141.8354
140.631
126.9228
106.9964
97.51289
4.298989
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.86548
32.46932
58.01394
75.29249
87.67823
97.08504
104.9935
109.8662
108.5678
94.91316
76.17005
67.66988
0
0
0
0
0
0
-0.17
-0.25
-0.33
1.40
-0.45
-0.46
-0.70
1.90
0.72
1.17
1.36
1.24
0.80
0.10
-0.78
-1.75
-2.67
-2.51
1.05
-0.42
1.62
-0.01
0.00
-0.07
-0.78
-0.85
0.90
-0.96
0.81
-1.01
1.22
0.11
0.86
1.36
1.61
1.54
1.16
0.49
-0.39
-1.43
-1.94
-1.77
-0.08
-0.08
-0.31
-0.49
-0.62
-0.71
0.53
-1.33
0.42
0.38
0.34
-1.48
1.60
0.01
0.93
1.53
1.86
1.90
1.60
1.01
0.17
-0.88
-1.38
-1.23
-0.36
-0.70
-0.91
-1.05
-1.15
-1.23
82.8
82.6
82.2
83.6
83.2
82.7
82.0
83.9
84.6
85.8
87.2
88.4
89.2
89.3
88.5
86.8
84.1
81.6
82.7
82.2
83.9
83.8
83.8
83.8
83.0
82.1
83.0
82.1
82.9
81.9
83.1
83.2
84.1
85.4
87.1
88.6
89.8
90.2
89.8
88.4
86.5
84.7
84.6
84.6
84.2
83.8
83.1
82.4
83.0
81.6
82.0
82.4
82.8
81.3
82.9
82.9
83.8
85.4
87.2
89.1
90.7
91.7
91.9
91.0
89.6
88.4
88.1
87.4
86.4
85.4
84.2
83.0
Qheat
Total
10% Load 80% COP
W
KW
-6737
-9959
-13336
-16430
-18215
-18525
68041
94383
115340
131810
144966
157029
167547
174735
175527
167415
146307
133471
45995
28802
17208
8327
1979
-2828
-31308
-33951
-36412
-38606
-40161
-40656
37418
64532
86184
101736
113437
123198
131405
136656
135561
123099
104984
96363
11623
-3184
-12566
-19641
-24866
-28355
-51647
-53489
-55785
-57484
-58899
-59306
18501
37232
60455
76162
87422
95974
103163
107593
106413
93999
76960
69233
-14324
-27926
-36411
-42294
-46294
-49202
9.263089
13.69327
18.33704
22.59117
25.04617
25.47226
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3.888203
43.0484
46.68262
50.06696
53.0837
55.22156
55.90195
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4.378155
17.27848
27.00588
34.19064
38.98879
71.01441
73.54803
76.7048
79.04077
80.98669
81.54578
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
19.69574
38.39867
50.06551
58.15464
63.65487
67.6524
Qboiler
Qheat
Chiller
COP 6.3
Boiler On
Therms
KW
0.316146
0.467347
0.625837
0.77103
0.854818
0.869361
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.132703
1.469229
1.593263
1.70877
1.811731
1.884695
1.907916
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.149425
0.589709
0.921702
1.166916
1.330675
2.4237
2.510172
2.617911
2.697637
2.764051
2.783132
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.672209
1.310535
1.708721
1.9848
2.172521
2.308956
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
100
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
100
0
100
100
100
0
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10-1
10-2
10-3
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
10-8
10-9
10-10
10-11
10-12
10-13
10-14
10-15
10-16
10-17
10-18
10-19
10-20
10-21
10-22
10-23
10-24
11-1
11-2
11-3
11-4
11-5
11-6
11-7
11-8
11-9
11-10
11-11
11-12
11-13
11-14
11-15
11-16
11-17
11-18
11-19
11-20
11-21
11-22
11-23
11-24
12-1
12-2
12-3
12-4
12-5
12-6
12-7
12-8
12-9
12-10
12-11
12-12
12-13
12-14
12-15
12-16
12-17
12-18
12-19
12-20
12-21
12-22
12-23
12-24
KW
6.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
10.5
15.1
18.8
21.7
24.0
26.1
27.9
29.2
29.3
27.9
24.2
22.0
6.7
3.7
1.7
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.2
9.9
13.7
16.4
18.5
20.2
21.6
22.5
22.3
20.1
17.0
15.5
0.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
5.2
9.2
12.0
13.9
15.4
16.7
17.4
17.2
15.1
12.1
10.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
53
Appendix B. Building Load Calcuations
RTS COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS - INPUT AND RESULTS (SI UNITS) rev 2005.07.02
24-Apr-14
CSU Sacramento
Manuel Verduzco
1 Thesis
Sacramento, CA
ROOM NO./NAME:
Building Building Block Load - no Overhang - no lights or roof to RA
Length:
49.591
m
Infiltration L/s
Width:
56.388
m
Area
2796 m²
Cooling:
Heating:
Ceiling Height:
2.7432
m
Volume
7671 m³
0
426.1618057
INTERNAL LOADS:
W/person:
Lighting,
Equipment, Inside Design Conditions:
# People:
Sensible:
W:
W:
Cooling:
DB, °C
23.9
Over-ride Room Input:
0
73.275
0
0
RH
50%
Default:
210
Latent:
45161
30089
Heating:
DB, °C
22.2
Use:
210
58.62
45161
30089
Outside Cooling Weather:
EXPOSURES:
North
South
East
West
USA - CA - SACRAMENTO - 2%
Nominal Azimuth:
-180
0
-90
90
Heating 99.6%, °C:
-0.5
Actual Azimuth:
-180
0
-90
90
Supply
Cooling, °C
13.9
Tilt:
90
90
90
90
Air:
Heating, °C
37.8
Type 1 Wall Area, m²:
111
111
65
65
Brick pilasters
Type 2 Wall Area, m²:
162
158
84
84
Spandrel panels
No. Type 1 Windows:
29
29
18
18
Dbl glazed, low-E, bronze
Roof Area, m²:
1398
0%
= Roof % to RA
0%
= Lighting % to RA
ROOM LOADS:
Peak Rm.Sens. Occurs:
Month:
8
Per Unit
Hour:
15
Cooling
INTERNAL LOADS:
No. People:
W/pers
People:
210
68
W:
W/m² room
Lighting:
45,161
15.0
Lighting % to RA:
0%
0.0
Equipment:
30,089
10.4
ENVELOPE LOADS:
Roof Area, m²
W/m² roof
ROOF:
0.4 U factor
1,398
10.4
Roof % to RA:
0%
WALLS:
Wall Area, m²: W/m² wall
Wall Type 1: Brick pilasters
0.45 U factor
North
110.55
2.9
South
110.55
5.7
East
65.03
5.9
West
65.03
3.4
Wall Type 2 Spandrel panels
0.51 U factor
North
161.65
8.8
South
157.93
17.8
East
83.61
6.8
West
83.61
17.1
WINDOWS:
Window Area, m²:
W/m² win
Window Type 1: Dbl glazed, low-E, bronze
3.7245 m²/window
North
108.0105
69.0
49% SHGF(0)
South
108.0105
122.3
3.24 U factor
East
67.041
77.3
66% IAC
West
67.041
206.2
INFILTRATION LOADS:
L/s
Cooling, Sensible:
0
Cooling, Latent:
0
Heating: 426.161806
W/(L/s)
0.0
0.0
27.9
ROOM LOAD TOTALS =
COOLING L/s =
(L/s)/m² =
BLOCK LOADS:
TOTAL ROOM SENS+RA+LATENT =
Peak Block Load Occurs: OUTSIDE AIR:
OA Sensible:
Month:
8
OA L/s =
1982.19
OA Latent:
Hour:
15
FAN HEAT:
14.914
kW to S. Air:
PUMP HEAT:
3.733
kW to CHW:
TOTAL BLOCK COOLING LOAD, W -
Room
Sensible
Cooling:
W
14,203
Ret. Air
Sensible
Cooling:
W
Room
Latent
Cooling
W
12,310
Room
Sensible
Heating:
W
41,832
29,096
14,490
12,695
316
626
387
222
1,129
1,129
664
664
1,415
2,817
572
1,428
1,871
1,828
968
968
7,453
13,213
5,182
13,825
7,944
7,944
4,931
4,931
=====
147,077
11,957
4.3
159,387
32,670
14,914
3,733
=====
210,705
=====
12,310
HEATING L/s =
ROOM HTG:
OA Heating:
11,898
=====
59,566
3,104
59,566
55,345
=====
TOT HEATING, W =
114,911
Heating W/m² =
41.1
kW
m²/kW
therm
210.7
13
3.921860584
54
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
TOTAL
ROOM
Sensible
W
-22079
-22923
-24146
-25310
-26458
-27341
37098
54494
74928
87914
95888
101022
105748
109110
109194
101869
81148
74108
4908
-6226
-12524
-16454
-19042
-20652
-16627
-17621
-19015
-20426
-21706
-22679
41877
66377
84106
96384
104008
108914
113883
118060
119605
115327
102673
86092
14482
1842
-5350
-9882
-12848
-14917
-11752
-12892
-14540
-16078
-17423
-18429
56065
76195
91040
101549
108263
112975
118047
122464
124336
121381
112888
94879
21546
8171
456
-4404
-7610
-9915
Month
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
People
Sensible
210
Hour people
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
Lighting
To Room
45161
100%
45161
W
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
Equip
30089
W
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
Roof to
Room
1398
100%
1398
m²
-9226
-9437
-9630
-9794
-9930
-10035
-10078
-9952
-9143
-7352
-5268
-3341
-1873
-1089
-1096
-1930
-3514
-5316
-6421
-7170
-7755
-8234
-8647
-8978
-7694
-7964
-8190
-8396
-8584
-8726
-8787
-8456
-6925
-4631
-2203
-17
1656
2620
2744
1987
365
-1801
-3678
-4880
-5738
-6392
-6932
-7357
-6251
-6552
-6817
-7072
-7297
-7469
-7371
-6319
-4177
-1590
979
3241
4954
5934
6073
5302
3649
1266
-1246
-2858
-3934
-4730
-5365
-5860
North
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
-560
-586
-611
-634
-656
-675
-692
-705
-712
-709
-694
-666
-628
-584
-539
-497
-464
-443
-438
-444
-459
-480
-505
-532
-406
-440
-472
-501
-528
-553
-574
-590
-599
-593
-572
-537
-492
-439
-385
-334
-292
-264
-253
-259
-277
-304
-337
-371
-272
-311
-347
-381
-412
-440
-464
-482
-487
-478
-452
-413
-363
-305
-245
-189
-142
-110
-96
-102
-123
-155
-192
-232
North
Type 2
Wall
162
m²
-1112
-1144
-1174
-1198
-1217
-1228
-1227
-1202
-1110
-958
-801
-657
-535
-453
-418
-436
-521
-655
-752
-832
-905
-969
-1028
-1076
-910
-951
-985
-1015
-1041
-1056
-1054
-1009
-866
-690
-515
-352
-213
-112
-61
-67
-137
-271
-426
-545
-644
-727
-801
-861
-721
-766
-806
-843
-871
-888
-868
-762
-602
-424
-245
-74
74
182
242
241
176
41
-150
-298
-415
-512
-596
-665
South
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
-385
-439
-486
-526
-563
-594
-622
-646
-656
-625
-533
-395
-232
-67
80
192
253
244
167
60
-51
-153
-243
-321
-225
-289
-344
-392
-434
-471
-503
-531
-537
-497
-402
-265
-107
54
201
315
384
397
347
253
143
34
-65
-151
-125
-188
-244
-292
-335
-374
-407
-430
-428
-386
-299
-177
-34
112
245
350
414
428
390
311
215
118
28
-54
South
Type 2
Wall
158
m²
-936
-968
-996
-1021
-1045
-1068
-1084
-987
-438
505
1374
2036
2460
2631
2528
2120
1315
271
-261
-517
-662
-762
-840
-897
-739
-780
-813
-845
-876
-902
-917
-755
-60
781
1546
2153
2563
2746
2681
2356
1758
934
198
-182
-387
-517
-614
-685
-580
-625
-664
-702
-736
-763
-725
-438
140
822
1473
2010
2377
2535
2465
2162
1649
981
344
-9
-209
-342
-444
-521
East
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
-308
-326
-344
-361
-376
-388
-399
-408
-406
-376
-320
-258
-212
-188
-180
-179
-181
-188
-200
-215
-233
-253
-272
-291
-212
-235
-258
-279
-298
-314
-328
-339
-331
-282
-207
-135
-84
-60
-53
-53
-56
-63
-76
-93
-116
-141
-166
-190
-128
-156
-182
-206
-227
-246
-262
-262
-222
-149
-67
1
43
59
60
56
50
42
28
8
-18
-46
-74
-101
East
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
-574
-591
-606
-619
-629
-637
-638
-604
-468
-310
-238
-244
-287
-310
-312
-316
-335
-368
-401
-435
-470
-501
-531
-555
-469
-490
-508
-524
-539
-548
-549
-484
-267
-112
-55
-72
-120
-145
-146
-147
-165
-199
-246
-292
-337
-377
-414
-444
-371
-394
-415
-435
-452
-463
-419
-230
-39
64
87
55
2
-16
-10
-8
-25
-62
-116
-169
-220
-266
-308
-342
West
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
-283
-308
-330
-348
-365
-377
-389
-399
-406
-408
-400
-384
-363
-333
-289
-227
-158
-111
-104
-125
-157
-191
-224
-256
-164
-199
-230
-256
-278
-296
-311
-323
-332
-333
-324
-305
-279
-245
-194
-124
-42
31
67
55
16
-32
-80
-125
-68
-109
-145
-176
-202
-224
-241
-254
-262
-261
-251
-230
-201
-163
-107
-30
61
147
197
190
147
91
34
-20
West
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
-552
-569
-584
-597
-607
-612
-612
-599
-552
-475
-400
-330
-220
40
376
623
541
52
-216
-343
-411
-461
-500
-531
-436
-458
-476
-492
-505
-513
-512
-489
-415
-327
-242
-164
-46
231
611
943
1056
755
200
-89
-228
-306
-362
-404
-330
-356
-377
-396
-411
-420
-410
-357
-274
-184
-97
-15
116
427
835
1196
1385
1176
509
115
-75
-175
-243
-292
55
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
North
Type 1
Window
29
window
-4827
-4955
-5057
-5136
-5195
-5183
-5138
-4568
-3518
-2648
-1887
-1278
-924
-829
-1037
-1615
-2731
-3127
-3488
-3820
-4091
-4349
-4554
-4696
-4001
-4138
-4268
-4383
-4453
-4449
-4364
-3263
-2202
-1264
-417
261
708
864
723
217
-705
-1756
-2248
-2700
-3053
-3382
-3628
-3834
-3200
-3363
-3530
-3655
-3733
-3735
-2927
-1893
-880
68
940
1652
2118
2317
2186
1708
893
-534
-1190
-1706
-2130
-2501
-2784
-3024
South
East
Type 1 Type 1
Window Window
29
18
window window
-3693
-2809
-3820
-2888
-3922
-2951
-4033
-3038
-4190
-3143
-4317
-3189
-4437
-3186
-598
1201
7932
5795
14513
5645
19317
3215
22267
852
23179
282
21948
12
18345
-272
11890
-730
1967
-1480
-239
-1751
-1478
-1977
-2256
-2184
-2758
-2352
-3140
-2512
-3418
-2639
-3561
-2727
-2934
-2228
-3070
-2312
-3201
-2393
-3356
-2540
-3513
-2667
-3633
-2728
-3695
-2700
1673
6081
8156
8967
14175
8095
18724
5162
21662
2255
22646
1526
21561
1231
18362
928
13118
492
6295
-147
1342
-830
-167
-1139
-1134
-1420
-1750
-1639
-2217
-1843
-2536
-1996
-2766
-2124
-2411
-1644
-2575
-1746
-2745
-1913
-2899
-2087
-3038
-2225
-3134
-2289
-1998
5062
1582 10269
6550 11328
11605
9522
15730
6065
18400
3180
19115
2504
17820
2220
14658
1915
10199
1498
5267
904
1582
5
258
-399
-596
-718
-1195
-981
-1656
-1211
-1982
-1386
-2236
-1535
West
TOTAL
Type 1 Infiltration ROOM
People Infiltration TOTAL
Window Sensible Sensible
Latent
Latent COOLING
18
0
W
210
0ROOM+OA
window
L/s
W/person
L/s
W Month
-2820
0 -22079
0
0
-57919
1
-2899
0 -22923
0
0
-59738
1
-2962
0 -24146
0
0
-61693
1
-3012
0 -25310
0
0
-63345
1
-3048
0 -26458
0
0
-64736
1
-3041
0 -27341
0
0
-65132
1
-3013
0
37098
12310
0
12350
1
-2660
0
54494
12310
0
31452
1
-2017
0
74928
12310
0
54324
1
-1515
0
87914
12310
0
69992
1
-1106
0
95888
12310
0
81136
1
-710
0 101022
12310
0
89439
1
469
0 105748
12310
0
96359
1
3703
0 109110
12310
0
101184
1
6876
0 109194
12310
0
101756
1
7340
0 101869
12310
0
93943
1
323
0
81148
12310
0
71759
1
-894
0
74108
12310
0
62769
1
-1549
0
4908
0
0
-21179
1
-1961
0
-6226
0
0
-34751
1
-2233
0 -12524
0
0
-43001
1
-2458
0 -16454
0
0
-48881
1
-2649
0 -19042
0
0
-52931
1
-2739
0 -20652
0
0
-55516
1
-2215
0 -16627
0
0
-47347
2
-2300
0 -17621
0
0
-49317
2
-2381
0 -19015
0
0
-51685
2
-2452
0 -20426
0
0
-53828
2
-2496
0 -21706
0
0
-55351
2
-2493
0 -22679
0
0
-55837
2
-2440
0
41877
12310
0
22248
2
-1758
0
66377
12310
0
48699
2
-1109
0
84106
12310
0
69597
2
-568
0
96384
12310
0
85289
2
-115
0 104008
12310
0
96814
2
300
0 108914
12310
0
105377
2
1493
0 113883
12310
0
113271
2
5123
0 118060
12310
0
119155
2
9064
0 119605
12310
0
121432
2
10994
0 115327
12310
0
116422
2
8226
0 102673
12310
0
102305
2
1184
0
86092
12310
0
83042
2
-120
0
14482
0
0
-3804
2
-889
0
1842
0
0
-19613
2
-1351
0
-5350
0
0
-29244
2
-1687
0
-9882
0
0
-36213
2
-1925
0 -12848
0
0
-40886
2
-2112
0 -14917
0
0
-44418
2
-1657
0 -11752
0
0
-37352
3
-1758
0 -12892
0
0
-39711
3
-1861
0 -14540
0
0
-42578
3
-1939
0 -16078
0
0
-44847
3
-1987
0 -17423
0
0
-46436
3
-1989
0 -18429
0
0
-46954
3
-1518
0
56065
12310
0
41068
3
-851
0
76195
12310
0
63636
3
-233
0
91040
12310
0
81895
3
310
0 101549
12310
0
96305
3
772
0 108263
12310
0
107407
3
1215
0 112975
12310
0
116264
3
2712
0 118047
12310
0
124505
3
6711
0 122464
12310
0
131117
3
10889
0 124336
12310
0
133721
3
13264
0 121381
12310
0
130034
3
12475
0 112888
12310
0
119591
3
3284
0
94879
12310
0
98899
3
991
0
21546
0
0
9843
3
-12
0
8171
0
0
-6945
3
-618
0
456
0
0
-17586
3
-1028
0
-4404
0
0
-25128
3
-1306
0
-7610
0
0
-30284
3
-1541
0
-9915
0
0
-34296
3
ROOM
TOTAL
w RA +
Latent
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-22079
-22923
-24146
-25310
-26458
-27341
49409
66804
87238
100224
108199
113333
118058
121420
121504
114179
93458
86418
4908
-6226
-12524
-16454
-19042
-20652
-16627
-17621
-19015
-20426
-21706
-22679
54187
78687
96416
108694
116319
121224
126193
130370
131915
127637
114983
98402
14482
1842
-5350
-9882
-12848
-14917
-11752
-12892
-14540
-16078
-17423
-18429
68375
88505
103350
113859
120573
125285
130357
134774
136647
133691
125198
107189
21546
8171
456
-4404
-7610
-9915
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
AIR
AIR
TOTAL
Sensible
Latent
Heating
1982
1982 ROOM+OA
L/s
L/s
W
-35840
0
-50204
-36815
0
-52023
-37547
0
-53978
-38034
0
-55630
-38278
0
-57021
-37790
0
-57417
-37059
0
20064
-35352
0
39166
-32914
0
62038
-30232
0
77706
-27063
0
88850
-23893
0
97154
-21699
0
104074
-20236
0
108898
-19749
0
109470
-20236
0
101658
-21699
0
79474
-23650
0
70483
-26088
0
-13465
-28526
0
-27037
-30476
0
-35286
-32427
0
-41166
-33890
0
-45217
-34865
0
-47802
-30720
0
-39632
-31695
0
-41602
-32670
0
-43971
-33402
0
-46113
-33646
0
-47637
-33158
0
-48122
-31939
0
29963
-29989
0
56413
-26819
0
77312
-23406
0
93003
-19505
0
104528
-15848
0
113091
-12922
0
120985
-11215
0
126869
-10484
0
129146
-11215
0
124136
-12678
0
110020
-15360
0
90757
-18286
0
3911
-21455
0
-11898
-23893
0
-21529
-26331
0
-28498
-28038
0
-33172
-29501
0
-36703
-25600
0
-29637
-26819
0
-31997
-28038
0
-34863
-28770
0
-37133
-29013
0
-38721
-28526
0
-39240
-27307
0
48783
-24869
0
71351
-21455
0
89609
-17554
0
104019
-13166
0
115122
-9021
0
123979
-5851
0
132220
-3657
0
138831
-2926
0
141435
-3657
0
137749
-5608
0
127305
-8290
0
106614
-11703
0
17557
-15116
0
770
-18042
0
-9871
-20724
0
-17413
-22674
0
-22570
-24381
0
-26582
56
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
TOTAL
ROOM
Sensible
W
-5369
-6904
-8782
-10522
-11963
-7200
68036
84501
96731
105738
111675
116590
122100
126786
129106
127546
122455
111193
32230
17337
8658
3172
-581
-3157
3288
1449
-672
-2540
-4129
6679
79596
94230
104572
112137
117915
123125
128910
133923
137398
137508
134809
127493
44985
28742
19137
13039
8818
5835
7674
5636
3422
1418
64
11750
84413
98626
108477
115775
121343
126635
132577
138018
142032
143059
141260
135612
54878
35442
24956
18239
13630
10370
Month
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
People
Sensible
210
Hour people
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
Lighting
To Room
45161
100%
45161
W
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
Equip
30089
W
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
Roof to
Room
1398
100%
1398
m²
-4347
-4735
-5084
-5400
-5683
-5800
-5226
-3419
-929
1794
4429
6742
8511
9536
9703
8969
7350
4975
2218
6
-1448
-2465
-3254
-3878
-1906
-2371
-2789
-3162
-3483
-3493
-2406
-352
2213
4959
7626
10018
11879
13012
13298
12689
11180
8909
6077
3374
1584
348
-591
-1335
-714
-1215
-1668
-2065
-2414
-2406
-1239
839
3408
6181
8895
11352
13331
14597
15010
14518
13114
10919
8121
5239
3189
1791
736
-87
North
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
-75
-124
-170
-212
-251
-286
-313
-326
-326
-312
-283
-240
-183
-118
-49
16
71
111
133
134
112
74
27
-24
186
125
69
17
-30
-72
-101
-104
-92
-73
-44
-1
58
128
203
275
338
388
426
440
420
374
316
251
325
256
193
135
82
36
6
5
23
47
78
121
180
252
331
407
474
530
575
597
583
536
472
399
North
Type 2
Wall
162
m²
-459
-517
-570
-615
-650
-633
-502
-382
-243
-78
108
296
464
589
659
668
614
519
384
125
-62
-197
-304
-392
-102
-173
-238
-292
-332
-258
74
231
258
371
541
739
924
1064
1149
1178
1177
1232
1120
697
410
225
90
-18
78
0
-71
-130
-172
-73
326
528
551
615
768
961
1154
1309
1408
1447
1475
1576
1510
1099
706
462
296
172
South
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
7
-55
-110
-160
-206
-246
-281
-305
-307
-275
-205
-100
26
160
283
382
443
459
433
377
305
226
149
75
213
149
91
37
-12
-56
-93
-116
-120
-99
-44
44
158
282
401
499
562
588
581
546
491
425
353
282
323
257
196
139
88
41
2
-22
-27
-10
39
119
227
348
467
568
637
670
672
648
600
537
467
394
South
Type 2
Wall
158
m²
-374
-430
-481
-525
-562
-577
-521
-321
120
689
1260
1746
2082
2224
2153
1875
1419
901
503
217
28
-109
-220
-308
-70
-136
-195
-245
-285
-290
-199
-40
229
689
1201
1661
1990
2140
2090
1848
1483
1162
867
588
386
234
111
9
84
14
-51
-104
-147
-150
-52
101
326
708
1184
1636
1977
2149
2126
1916
1604
1346
1085
808
585
417
281
170
East
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
-15
-48
-79
-108
-133
-156
-168
-148
-90
-10
69
130
165
177
178
178
176
172
161
141
114
84
52
19
128
90
54
22
-8
-34
-43
-13
52
130
204
260
295
309
316
321
325
326
319
301
274
241
206
167
200
160
121
86
55
27
17
46
108
185
258
316
354
373
384
394
401
405
399
383
356
322
284
242
East
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
-239
-268
-296
-321
-341
-328
-201
3
147
217
230
202
164
167
184
192
177
139
77
8
-56
-112
-162
-205
-62
-97
-129
-158
-181
-149
30
208
327
388
406
395
375
393
421
435
422
383
315
232
156
89
30
-21
25
-12
-47
-78
-102
-68
110
282
401
469
498
498
489
512
544
560
547
506
437
349
264
191
125
69
West
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
68
16
-28
-67
-99
-126
-148
-162
-169
-166
-154
-131
-98
-54
11
95
191
283
347
360
323
260
192
127
217
159
109
65
28
-2
-27
-43
-49
-45
-31
-6
31
81
150
238
337
432
503
525
492
427
354
282
297
234
180
133
93
60
33
16
10
14
29
55
94
145
216
305
404
499
573
603
579
517
442
367
West
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
-186
-222
-250
-273
-291
-296
-264
-191
-103
-8
86
179
330
672
1082
1439
1642
1559
1071
475
167
14
-76
-141
-6
-48
-81
-108
-129
-129
-79
-1
90
190
293
399
561
905
1304
1651
1856
1835
1445
771
408
227
123
48
85
40
2
-26
-49
-49
4
84
178
283
393
504
668
995
1382
1723
1936
1947
1638
1022
582
356
229
145
57
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
North
Type 1
Window
29
window
-2137
-2367
-2553
-2714
-2804
-1955
-1116
-189
739
1727
2662
3458
3990
4213
4121
3728
3014
2075
448
-257
-796
-1255
-1634
-1897
-678
-960
-1187
-1360
-1481
1226
1436
1833
2714
3612
4621
5487
6084
6361
6420
6075
5832
5834
2667
1687
976
410
-52
-385
75
-254
-493
-694
-704
2779
2957
2894
3685
4619
5568
6502
7157
7539
7604
7302
7381
7782
5021
2865
1985
1295
766
385
South
East
Type 1 Type 1
Window Window
29
18
window window
-1729
-946
-1955
-1122
-2140
-1328
-2310
-1525
-2430
-1666
-2069
2375
-956
9574
886 12260
4224 12243
8187
9971
11499
6463
13640
4133
14110
3633
12905
3391
10210
3132
6965
2732
4435
2174
2530
1349
1035
604
234
194
-358
-127
-843
-405
-1230
-638
-1493
-800
-527
-55
-792
-282
-1013
-511
-1186
-711
-1317
-865
-491
6433
545 11247
1673 13106
3688 12763
6465 10440
9220
7232
11073
5269
11523
4859
10602
4688
8852
4481
7051
4103
5796
3572
4287
2797
2569
1799
1717
1308
1059
919
521
594
76
319
-251
117
111
379
-183
132
-410
-97
-609
-312
-724
-316
176
6934
1193 11393
2316 13231
3816 13010
6121 10904
8509
7880
10277
5902
10896
5501
10349
5360
9053
5171
7823
4812
6715
4276
5351
3539
3634
2520
2556
1877
1847
1451
1246
1083
760
782
398
558
West
TOTAL
Type 1 Infiltration ROOM
People Infiltration TOTAL
Window Sensible Sensible
Latent
Latent COOLING
18
0
W
210
0ROOM+OA
window
L/s
W/person
L/s
W Month
-944
0
-5369
0
0
-24387
4
-1084
0
-6904
0
0
-27627
4
-1198
0
-8782
0
0
-30724
4
-1298
0 -10522
0
0
-33440
4
-1353
0 -11963
0
0
-35125
4
-1108
0
-7200
0
0
-29630
4
-456
0
68036
12310
0
59379
4
173
0
84501
12310
0
78769
4
798
0
96731
12310
0
95144
4
1374
0 105738
12310
0
109027
4
1880
0 111675
12310
0
120328
4
2405
0 116590
12310
0
130364
4
4276
0 122100
12310
0
139774
4
8291
0 126786
12310
0
146898
4
12307
0 129106
12310
0
150193
4
14676
0 127546
12310
0
147658
4
14615
0 122455
12310
0
140373
4
9488
0 111193
12310
0
125454
4
2790
0
32230
0
0
30036
4
1305
0
17337
0
0
10998
4
445
0
8658
0
0
-1094
4
-110
0
3172
0
0
-9750
4
-490
0
-581
0
0
-16185
4
-747
0
-3157
0
0
-20467
4
-57
0
3288
0
0
-6465
5
-221
0
1449
0
0
-10254
5
-358
0
-672
0
0
-13838
5
-464
0
-2540
0
0
-16681
5
-539
0
-4129
0
0
-18757
5
-10
0
6679
0
0
-7218
5
599
0
79596
12310
0
79960
5
1224
0
94230
12310
0
98006
5
1873
0 104572
12310
0
113225
5
2483
0 112137
12310
0
126398
5
3062
0 117915
12310
0
138759
5
3656
0 123125
12310
0
149820
5
5544
0 128910
12310
0
160238
5
9328
0 133923
12310
0
168176
5
13181
0 137398
12310
0
172870
5
15513
0 137508
12310
0
171761
5
15797
0 134809
12310
0
166624
5
12687
0 127493
12310
0
154919
5
4272
0
44985
0
0
55225
5
2541
0
28742
0
0
34106
5
1549
0
19137
0
0
20356
5
916
0
13039
0
0
10601
5
479
0
8818
0
0
3210
5
183
0
5835
0
0
-1967
5
400
0
7674
0
0
2554
6
201
0
5636
0
0
-1679
6
61
0
3422
0
0
-5355
6
-62
0
1418
0
0
-8578
6
-130
0
64
0
0
-10420
6
438
0
11750
0
0
1998
6
1049
0
84413
12310
0
89165
6
1684
0
98626
12310
0
107036
6
2362
0 108477
12310
0
122250
6
3010
0 115775
12310
0
135644
6
3616
0 121343
12310
0
148037
6
4261
0 126635
12310
0
159913
6
5919
0 132577
12310
0
170975
6
9459
0 138018
12310
0
179585
6
13205
0 142032
12310
0
184819
6
15653
0 143059
12310
0
184627
6
16164
0 141260
12310
0
179901
6
13910
0 135612
12310
0
169865
6
6667
0
54878
0
0
71457
6
3379
0
35442
0
0
46657
6
2218
0
24956
0
0
31783
6
1477
0
18239
0
0
20920
6
982
0
13630
0
0
12899
6
651
0
10370
0
0
7201
6
ROOM
TOTAL
w RA +
Latent
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-5369
-6904
-8782
-10522
-11963
-7200
80346
96811
109042
118048
123985
128901
134411
139096
141416
139856
134765
123503
32230
17337
8658
3172
-581
-3157
3288
1449
-672
-2540
-4129
6679
91907
106540
116882
124447
130225
135435
141221
146233
149708
149818
147120
139803
44985
28742
19137
13039
8818
5835
7674
5636
3422
1418
64
11750
96723
110936
120787
128086
133653
138945
144887
150328
154342
155370
153570
147922
54878
35442
24956
18239
13630
10370
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
AIR
AIR
TOTAL
Sensible
Latent
Heating
1982
1982 ROOM+OA
L/s
L/s
W
-19017
0
-16672
-20724
0
-19913
-21943
0
-23010
-22918
0
-25725
-23162
0
-27411
-22430
0
-21916
-20968
0
67093
-18042
0
86484
-13897
0
102859
-9021
0
116742
-3657
0
128043
1463
0
138078
5364
0
147489
7802
0
154612
8777
0
157907
7802
0
155373
5608
0
148087
1950
0
133168
-2194
0
37750
-6339
0
18712
-9752
0
6620
-12922
0
-2035
-15604
0
-8471
-17310
0
-12753
-9752
0
1250
-11703
0
-2540
-13166
0
-6124
-14141
0
-8966
-14629
0
-11043
-13897
0
496
-11947
0
87674
-8533
0
105721
-3657
0
120939
1950
0
134113
8533
0
146473
14385
0
157534
19017
0
167952
21943
0
175891
23162
0
180585
21943
0
179476
19505
0
174339
15116
0
162634
10240
0
62940
5364
0
41821
1219
0
28070
-2438
0
18315
-5608
0
10925
-7802
0
5748
-5120
0
10269
-7314
0
6036
-8777
0
2359
-9996
0
-863
-10484
0
-2705
-9752
0
9712
-7558
0
96880
-3901
0
114750
1463
0
129965
7558
0
143358
14385
0
155752
20968
0
167627
26088
0
178690
29257
0
187300
30476
0
192533
29257
0
192341
26331
0
187616
21943
0
177580
16579
0
79171
11215
0
54372
6827
0
39498
2682
0
28635
-731
0
20614
-3170
0
14915
58
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
TOTAL
ROOM
Sensible
W
8337
6185
3820
1736
28
9298
82811
97774
108495
116828
123316
129117
135374
140971
145023
145697
143215
136595
54779
36475
26011
19221
14482
11152
8104
6147
3875
1836
141
3745
79127
95969
108801
118729
125886
132025
138504
144064
147077
145955
140893
129898
50117
34346
24800
18451
14001
10812
4974
3156
1043
-929
-2604
-3721
73016
93104
108128
119001
126514
132885
139538
144613
146161
142273
132096
115364
42734
28822
20320
14542
10441
7436
Month
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
People
Sensible
210
Hour people
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
Lighting
To Room
45161
100%
45161
W
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
Equip
30089
W
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
Roof to
Room
1398
100%
1398
m²
-539
-1073
-1562
-1993
-2359
-2435
-1513
467
3051
5907
8763
11372
13495
14886
15412
14982
13596
11365
8486
5549
3504
2071
974
112
-691
-1200
-1655
-2063
-2416
-2599
-2094
-310
2251
5135
7999
10618
12727
14061
14490
13939
12411
10029
7173
4718
3005
1746
733
-71
-1706
-2171
-2596
-2966
-3293
-3534
-3363
-1970
406
3186
5964
8463
10417
11579
11815
11061
9330
6885
4487
2811
1523
479
-410
-1134
North
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
345
275
211
151
96
47
13
4
15
35
67
114
180
260
347
431
504
563
607
624
606
557
492
419
309
246
187
133
82
37
0
-21
-25
-11
22
74
144
228
316
401
475
529
560
565
542
497
439
375
206
149
96
46
0
-42
-78
-104
-113
-103
-71
-20
48
129
213
294
362
411
435
433
409
370
319
264
North
Type 2
Wall
162
m²
98
16
-60
-123
-171
-108
215
412
456
575
764
988
1203
1372
1480
1521
1520
1557
1461
1053
710
484
321
194
75
-1
-70
-129
-175
-170
-44
108
265
460
685
923
1143
1312
1415
1442
1391
1283
1124
824
595
422
281
165
-57
-127
-191
-245
-288
-314
-287
-147
44
261
490
719
927
1084
1176
1190
1117
957
742
561
399
258
132
27
South
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
367
295
229
168
112
62
20
-8
-16
1
54
143
262
395
526
639
717
755
757
727
672
602
524
444
386
311
243
181
124
73
30
-1
-9
20
90
199
336
484
626
744
825
858
844
795
723
640
553
467
340
262
192
128
71
20
-25
-56
-53
-4
93
227
385
548
699
819
895
917
885
811
717
617
519
426
South
Type 2
Wall
158
m²
121
45
-25
-84
-131
-141
-56
99
347
796
1326
1820
2195
2394
2392
2186
1839
1504
1192
887
653
475
329
211
143
69
3
-55
-102
-125
-73
129
556
1133
1731
2261
2651
2843
2817
2573
2139
1625
1212
890
663
489
346
231
63
-6
-69
-124
-173
-209
-147
225
850
1555
2222
2775
3155
3314
3234
2914
2374
1707
1132
792
567
398
259
148
East
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
220
177
137
100
66
36
22
44
102
179
256
319
363
388
403
416
427
432
428
412
384
347
308
264
210
169
130
94
62
33
14
25
76
153
233
300
345
371
387
400
410
415
410
393
365
330
292
252
150
112
76
43
14
-13
-36
-39
0
73
153
221
266
291
306
320
331
335
331
314
288
257
223
187
East
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
40
0
-38
-71
-98
-75
84
268
403
485
527
536
534
558
592
610
597
553
478
384
295
216
146
87
37
-2
-38
-70
-96
-91
19
224
383
477
518
523
516
539
572
588
574
528
454
366
282
207
139
82
-28
-64
-98
-127
-152
-167
-115
96
281
386
424
421
408
435
468
483
468
421
351
277
201
132
68
15
West
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
311
248
193
144
103
68
39
21
13
17
32
60
101
156
229
321
423
521
597
626
599
535
459
382
290
230
179
133
95
62
35
16
7
10
25
53
94
148
222
316
420
517
586
602
565
500
427
356
205
155
110
71
38
9
-15
-34
-44
-42
-28
1
40
93
168
263
366
456
501
490
444
384
321
261
West
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
98
50
10
-22
-46
-50
-3
77
176
287
406
526
693
1015
1409
1761
1982
1991
1654
1001
584
369
244
159
88
43
7
-24
-47
-56
-26
52
153
266
383
502
675
1018
1428
1782
1980
1900
1431
826
501
330
223
145
10
-28
-61
-89
-111
-124
-111
-40
59
168
280
395
578
957
1378
1709
1812
1500
858
508
325
213
127
61
59
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
North
Type 1
Window
29
window
133
-210
-475
-681
-812
1828
2333
2602
3550
4562
5677
6701
7422
7817
7919
7612
7233
7250
4487
2912
2063
1382
840
462
46
-250
-500
-701
-828
-55
918
1949
3028
4189
5353
6389
7100
7472
7453
7077
6289
5270
3400
2515
1818
1205
719
358
-495
-778
-997
-1190
-1311
-1308
-210
916
2084
3242
4356
5321
5978
6289
6208
5665
4677
3209
2443
1719
1117
567
127
-221
South
East
Type 1 Type 1
Window Window
29
18
window window
258
436
-63
184
-318
-62
-524
-281
-662
-442
63
5667
1135 10938
2315 13211
4141 13279
6892 11402
9712
8388
11820
6193
12578
5779
11972
5620
10398
5426
8623
5062
7303
4502
5766
3715
3912
2634
2861
2020
2095
1565
1458
1178
940
859
571
631
423
389
132
180
-118
-58
-326
-277
-479
-438
-166
2728
1017
9954
2778 12931
6029 13261
10031 11351
13486
8192
15868
5964
16600
5545
15682
5396
13213
5182
10141
4788
7626
4181
5653
3299
3942
2414
2968
1893
2222
1475
1585
1101
1092
803
731
580
262
8
-21
-168
-248
-375
-476
-586
-664
-743
-757
-793
1065
7568
5119 11636
10198 12203
15189 10208
19205
6933
21683
5035
22144
4724
20614
4578
17246
4343
12676
3904
8067
3209
5029
2304
3728
1829
2730
1381
1987
1008
1364
666
890
393
536
178
West
TOTAL
Type 1 Infiltration ROOM
People Infiltration TOTAL
Window Sensible Sensible
Latent
Latent COOLING
18
0
W
210
0ROOM+OA
window
L/s
W/person
L/s
W Month
441
0
8337
0
0
4588
7
233
0
6185
0
0
-2
7
74
0
3820
0
0
-4073
7
-52
0
1736
0
0
-7377
7
-133
0
28
0
0
-9573
7
330
0
9298
0
0
673
7
972
0
82811
12310
0
88690
7
1641
0
97774
12310
0
107555
7
2352
0 108495
12310
0
123884
7
3061
0 116828
12310
0
139043
7
3716
0 123316
12310
0
152845
7
4395
0 129117
12310
0
165717
7
5937
0 135374
12310
0
177337
7
9507
0 140971
12310
0
186592
7
13359
0 145023
12310
0
191863
7
15902
0 145697
12310
0
191318
7
16440
0 143215
12310
0
185666
7
13989
0 136595
12310
0
174170
7
6062
0
54779
0
0
74192
7
3403
0
36475
0
0
50281
7
2269
0
26011
0
0
34941
7
1537
0
19221
0
0
23762
7
1037
0
14482
0
0
15366
7
708
0
11152
0
0
9598
7
392
0
8104
0
0
3472
8
212
0
6147
0
0
-679
8
57
0
3875
0
0
-4658
8
-67
0
1836
0
0
-7916
8
-146
0
141
0
0
-10099
8
70
0
3745
0
0
-5520
8
766
0
79127
12310
0
84123
8
1468
0
95969
12310
0
104866
8
2198
0 108801
12310
0
123306
8
2888
0 118729
12310
0
139573
8
3540
0 125886
12310
0
154044
8
4220
0 132025
12310
0
167253
8
5997
0 138504
12310
0
178853
8
9879
0 144064
12310
0
187825
8
13825
0 147077
12310
0
192058
8
16132
0 145955
12310
0
189717
8
16040
0 140893
12310
0
181485
8
11361
0 129898
12310
0
165858
8
4542
0
50117
0
0
68159
8
2975
0
34346
0
0
46780
8
2033
0
24800
0
0
32602
8
1390
0
18451
0
0
21864
8
947
0
14001
0
0
14001
8
634
0
10812
0
0
8374
8
10
0
4974
0
0
-2828
9
-166
0
3156
0
0
-6840
9
-302
0
1043
0
0
-10416
9
-422
0
-929
0
0
-13607
9
-497
0
-2604
0
0
-15770
9
-494
0
-3721
0
0
-16155
9
159
0
73016
12310
0
75086
9
880
0
93104
12310
0
98831
9
1587
0 108128
12310
0
118976
9
2253
0 119001
12310
0
135944
9
2863
0 126514
12310
0
150283
9
3513
0 132885
12310
0
163237
9
5838
0 139538
12310
0
174766
9
10073
0 144613
12310
0
183011
9
13775
0 146161
12310
0
185778
9
15342
0 142273
12310
0
180671
9
12954
0 132096
12310
0
167568
9
4600
0 115364
12310
0
146447
9
2988
0
42734
0
0
56387
9
1978
0
28822
0
0
37111
9
1322
0
20320
0
0
24221
9
829
0
14542
0
0
14298
9
464
0
10441
0
0
7028
9
180
0
7436
0
0
1584
9
ROOM
TOTAL
w RA +
Latent
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
8337
6185
3820
1736
28
9298
95121
110085
120806
129138
135626
141427
147684
153281
157334
158007
155526
148905
54779
36475
26011
19221
14482
11152
8104
6147
3875
1836
141
3745
91438
108279
121112
131039
138196
144335
150815
156374
159387
158265
153203
142208
50117
34346
24800
18451
14001
10812
4974
3156
1043
-929
-2604
-3721
85326
105414
120439
131312
138824
145195
151848
156923
158471
154583
144406
127674
42734
28822
20320
14542
10441
7436
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
AIR
AIR
TOTAL
Sensible
Latent
Heating
1982
1982 ROOM+OA
L/s
L/s
W
-4632
884
17765
-7070
884
13176
-8777
884
9104
-9996
884
5800
-10484
884
3605
-9509
884
13850
-7314
884
101867
-3413
884
120732
2194
884
137061
9021
884
152220
16335
884
166022
23406
884
178894
28770
884
190514
32427
884
199769
33646
884
205040
32427
884
204495
29257
884
198844
24381
884
187347
18530
884
87369
12922
884
63458
8046
884
48118
3657
884
36939
0
884
28543
-2438
884
22775
-4632
0
14356
-6827
0
10205
-8533
0
6226
-9752
0
2968
-10240
0
785
-9265
0
5365
-7314
0
95008
-3413
0
115750
2194
0
134190
8533
0
150457
15848
0
164928
22918
0
178138
28038
0
189737
31451
0
198710
32670
0
202942
31451
0
200601
28282
0
192369
23650
0
176742
18042
0
79043
12434
0
57665
7802
0
43486
3413
0
32748
0
0
24886
-2438
0
19258
-7802
0
4887
-9996
0
875
-11459
0
-2701
-12678
0
-5893
-13166
0
-8056
-12434
0
-8441
-10240
0
82801
-6583
0
106546
-1463
0
126690
4632
0
143658
11459
0
157998
18042
0
170951
22918
0
182480
26088
0
190726
27307
0
193492
26088
0
188385
23162
0
175282
18773
0
154162
13653
0
64102
8290
0
44826
3901
0
31935
-244
0
22013
-3413
0
14742
-5851
0
9299
60
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
TOTAL
ROOM
Sensible
W
-798
-2313
-4228
-6103
-7644
-8686
63864
87036
103361
114467
121772
127983
134356
138619
138435
131298
112629
103694
33160
20600
12907
7683
4017
1404
-12935
-14115
-15601
-17064
-18375
-19357
45188
69863
88102
99753
107065
112682
117963
121020
119193
107463
91298
85359
16342
4949
-1751
-6144
-9175
-11201
-22790
-23657
-24978
-26189
-27361
-28255
36267
53291
73832
86614
94460
99842
104594
107317
105649
93723
78147
72614
4049
-6871
-13162
-17095
-19632
-21320
Month
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
People
Sensible
210
Hour people
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
1
1293
2
1293
3
1185
4
1077
5
969
6
862
7 10648
8 12372
9 13233
10 13664
11 13880
12 13987
13 14095
14 14095
15 14203
16 14311
17 14418
18 14526
19
4739
20
3016
21
2154
22
1723
23
1508
24
1400
Lighting
To Room
45161
100%
45161
W
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
3631
3631
3328
3026
2723
2421
31847
36689
39109
40320
40925
41227
41530
41530
41832
42135
42438
42740
13313
8472
6052
4841
4236
3934
Equip
30089
W
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
1083
1083
993
903
812
722
26117
27561
28283
28644
28825
28915
29005
29005
29096
29186
29276
29366
3972
2527
1805
1444
1264
1173
Roof to
Room
1398
100%
1398
m²
-3393
-3793
-4149
-4476
-4768
-4966
-4922
-4098
-2087
454
3014
5275
6991
7917
7948
7020
5200
3017
1482
314
-679
-1538
-2290
-2903
-6745
-7038
-7311
-7541
-7737
-7879
-7934
-7637
-6284
-4204
-2006
-65
1343
2012
1868
860
-787
-2285
-3287
-4086
-4788
-5394
-5937
-6393
-9413
-9637
-9841
-10028
-10176
-10286
-10322
-10185
-9414
-7696
-5705
-3890
-2555
-1897
-2016
-2954
-4470
-5797
-6663
-7329
-7902
-8392
-8809
-9143
North
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
37
-11
-57
-100
-140
-177
-208
-232
-242
-234
-206
-161
-100
-29
45
115
174
215
233
230
210
177
134
87
-301
-337
-371
-402
-432
-459
-482
-500
-509
-504
-483
-447
-400
-345
-288
-236
-193
-166
-155
-159
-174
-199
-230
-265
-566
-594
-620
-644
-667
-688
-706
-720
-728
-725
-709
-680
-641
-597
-550
-508
-474
-453
-446
-450
-463
-484
-510
-538
North
Type 2
Wall
162
m²
-283
-343
-397
-445
-485
-506
-491
-397
-223
-19
192
396
579
713
787
785
695
532
383
245
112
-10
-119
-210
-752
-796
-838
-872
-899
-914
-913
-870
-731
-555
-378
-212
-72
24
70
48
-46
-169
-271
-369
-465
-551
-631
-699
-1134
-1167
-1198
-1227
-1247
-1260
-1258
-1230
-1140
-987
-829
-683
-564
-482
-448
-474
-563
-671
-757
-837
-914
-983
-1044
-1093
South
Type 1
Wall
111
m²
195
121
55
-3
-56
-104
-146
-174
-168
-108
5
156
325
495
646
761
826
827
768
675
570
466
367
276
-138
-199
-253
-301
-344
-382
-416
-445
-450
-398
-286
-132
40
208
354
460
507
486
407
305
200
100
10
-70
-402
-455
-501
-542
-579
-611
-640
-665
-675
-640
-545
-401
-234
-67
78
185
232
207
126
22
-83
-180
-266
-340
South
Type 2
Wall
158
m²
-133
-192
-245
-296
-343
-378
-322
75
853
1675
2396
2955
3313
3431
3291
2877
2164
1299
792
505
312
162
38
-59
-586
-629
-670
-705
-739
-768
-786
-592
232
1187
1994
2583
2934
3024
2832
2301
1421
569
136
-96
-248
-364
-458
-532
-961
-994
-1024
-1053
-1078
-1103
-1119
-1018
-450
537
1426
2080
2475
2599
2429
1895
978
104
-330
-550
-687
-786
-863
-919
East
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
47
14
-17
-45
-71
-94
-114
-121
-95
-35
38
102
145
168
182
194
204
207
201
187
165
138
109
78
-158
-181
-205
-226
-245
-262
-276
-288
-283
-243
-182
-122
-81
-59
-47
-39
-34
-34
-41
-53
-70
-91
-113
-136
-316
-334
-352
-369
-384
-398
-409
-418
-417
-391
-339
-283
-242
-220
-210
-205
-204
-207
-215
-227
-242
-261
-280
-298
East
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
-145
-176
-204
-230
-252
-265
-234
-86
105
220
259
250
237
260
289
300
282
238
183
121
56
-5
-61
-107
-388
-411
-432
-450
-466
-475
-476
-420
-235
-98
-48
-60
-86
-79
-62
-58
-77
-111
-150
-195
-242
-285
-326
-361
-586
-603
-619
-634
-645
-653
-653
-621
-497
-349
-281
-286
-323
-329
-321
-322
-340
-368
-401
-437
-474
-509
-539
-565
West
Type 1
Wall
65
m²
83
42
5
-26
-55
-78
-99
-116
-126
-125
-110
-85
-49
1
73
163
256
321
337
314
272
224
175
127
-133
-163
-189
-212
-233
-250
-265
-278
-287
-287
-276
-256
-228
-188
-129
-55
17
60
63
41
8
-28
-65
-100
-294
-318
-340
-358
-374
-387
-399
-410
-418
-418
-410
-394
-372
-341
-293
-230
-167
-130
-128
-148
-176
-208
-238
-268
West
Type 2
Wall
84
m²
-115
-147
-175
-200
-220
-231
-223
-175
-86
16
118
229
430
805
1198
1458
1357
808
440
248
134
49
-20
-75
-365
-388
-409
-427
-441
-449
-449
-426
-356
-268
-182
-92
75
405
741
901
689
246
11
-110
-187
-246
-296
-336
-566
-583
-599
-614
-625
-631
-630
-616
-570
-493
-417
-345
-224
63
377
532
339
-53
-259
-362
-426
-474
-513
-544
61
Appendix B. Building Load Calculations cont.
North
Type 1
Window
29
window
-1428
-1655
-1858
-2042
-2133
-2119
-1541
-371
754
1828
2822
3678
4219
4452
4285
3656
2386
1701
1081
484
-32
-510
-885
-1187
-3351
-3537
-3676
-3794
-3866
-3862
-3777
-2755
-1706
-773
61
724
1104
1219
967
220
-658
-1083
-1531
-1967
-2328
-2675
-2969
-3179
-4932
-5062
-5188
-5272
-5332
-5321
-5253
-4719
-3670
-2801
-2045
-1464
-1124
-1046
-1310
-2025
-2794
-3156
-3520
-3869
-4164
-4425
-4630
-4797
South
East
Type 1 Type 1
Window Window
29
18
window window
-403
-628
-630
-769
-849
-937
-1093
-1132
-1285
-1263
-1404
-1301
675
3587
6842
9253
13132 10228
18592
8273
22571
5206
24839
3732
25052
3457
23242
3331
19135
3069
13251
2589
6255
1754
4050
1315
2764
929
1827
559
1134
238
564
-59
143
-291
-163
-479
-2229
-1900
-2415
-2016
-2554
-2102
-2734
-2234
-2920
-2344
-3066
-2383
-3149
-2343
4351
4628
12030
6950
17982
5652
22115
3021
24371
1649
24519
1339
22540
1203
17995
916
10117
373
3230
-215
1425
-492
279
-771
-512
-1042
-1058
-1265
-1510
-1481
-1847
-1663
-2057
-1793
-3815
-2906
-3944
-2987
-4071
-3065
-4189
-3149
-4355
-3247
-4490
-3285
-4592
-3259
-500
546
8573
4746
15232
4355
19887
2025
22556
308
23056
-57
21284
-235
16876
-515
8575
-1038
1286
-1561
-554
-1803
-1663
-2030
-2392
-2246
-2886
-2429
-3260
-2592
-3512
-2718
-3679
-2822
West
TOTAL
Type 1 Infiltration ROOM
People Infiltration TOTAL
Window Sensible Sensible
Latent
Latent COOLING
18
0
W
210
0ROOM+OA
window
L/s
W/person
L/s
W Month
-639
0
-798
0
0
-14451
10
-780
0
-2313
0
0
-17673
10
-906
0
-4228
0
0
-21051
10
-1020
0
-6103
0
0
-24145
10
-1077
0
-7644
0
0
-25930
10
-1068
0
-8686
0
0
-26240
10
-710
0
63864
12310
0
60327
10
14
0
87036
12310
0
86668
10
690
0 103361
12310
0
107626
10
1300
0 114467
12310
0
124095
10
1838
0 121772
12310
0
137251
10
2486
0 127983
12310
0
149315
10
5127
0 134356
12310
0
159832
10
9204
0 138619
12310
0
167020
10
12359
0 138435
12310
0
167812
10
12497
0 131298
12310
0
159700
10
4941
0 112629
12310
0
138592
10
2532
0 103694
12310
0
125757
10
1543
0
33160
0
0
38280
10
876
0
20600
0
0
21087
10
403
0
12907
0
0
9493
10
17
0
7683
0
0
612
10
-292
0
4017
0
0
-5736
10
-490
0
1404
0
0
-10542
10
-1895
0 -12935
0
0
-39022
11
-2010
0 -14115
0
0
-41666
11
-2097
0 -15601
0
0
-44127
11
-2170
0 -17064
0
0
-46321
11
-2214
0 -18375
0
0
-47876
11
-2212
0 -19357
0
0
-48371
11
-2159
0
45188
12310
0
29704
11
-1526
0
69863
12310
0
56817
11
-895
0
88102
12310
0
78470
11
-365
0
99753
12310
0
94021
11
85
0 107065
12310
0
105722
11
611
0 112682
12310
0
115484
11
2844
0 117963
12310
0
123691
11
6425
0 121020
12310
0
128941
11
8845
0 119193
12310
0
127846
11
6940
0 107463
12310
0
115384
11
1311
0
91298
12310
0
97269
11
281
0
85359
12310
0
88648
11
-372
0
16342
0
0
3908
11
-825
0
4949
0
0
-10899
11
-1145
0
-1751
0
0
-20281
11
-1428
0
-6144
0
0
-27355
11
-1658
0
-9175
0
0
-32580
11
-1788
0 -11201
0
0
-36070
11
-2905
0 -22790
0
0
-59361
12
-2986
0 -23657
0
0
-61204
12
-3064
0 -24978
0
0
-63500
12
-3116
0 -26189
0
0
-65199
12
-3154
0 -27361
0
0
-66614
12
-3147
0 -28255
0
0
-67021
12
-3105
0
36267
12310
0
10787
12
-2774
0
53291
12310
0
29518
12
-2136
0
73832
12310
0
52740
12
-1638
0
86614
12310
0
68448
12
-1228
0
94460
12310
0
79707
12
-804
0
99842
12310
0
88259
12
767
0 104594
12310
0
95449
12
3953
0 107317
12310
0
99878
12
6420
0 105649
12310
0
98698
12
4660
0
93723
12310
0
86285
12
-248
0
78147
12310
0
69246
12
-1138
0
72614
12310
0
61518
12
-1690
0
4049
0
0
-22039
12
-2062
0
-6871
0
0
-35641
12
-2327
0 -13162
0
0
-44126
12
-2549
0 -17095
0
0
-50009
12
-2717
0 -19632
0
0
-54009
12
-2821
0 -21320
0
0
-56916
12
ROOM
TOTAL
w RA +
Latent
Hour
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
-798
-2313
-4228
-6103
-7644
-8686
76174
99346
115671
126777
134082
140294
146666
150929
150746
143609
124939
116004
33160
20600
12907
7683
4017
1404
-12935
-14115
-15601
-17064
-18375
-19357
57498
82173
100413
112063
119376
124992
130273
133330
131503
119773
103608
97669
16342
4949
-1751
-6144
-9175
-11201
-22790
-23657
-24978
-26189
-27361
-28255
48577
65601
86142
98924
106770
112152
116904
119627
117959
106033
90457
84924
4049
-6871
-13162
-17095
-19632
-21320
OUTSIDE OUTSIDE
AIR
AIR
TOTAL
Sensible
Latent
Heating
1982
1982 ROOM+OA
L/s
L/s
W
-13653
0
-6737
-15360
0
-9959
-16823
0
-13336
-18042
0
-16430
-18286
0
-18215
-17554
0
-18525
-15848
0
68041
-12678
0
94383
-8046
0
115340
-2682
0
131810
3170
0
144966
9021
0
157029
13166
0
167547
16091
0
174735
17067
0
175527
16091
0
167415
13653
0
146307
9752
0
133471
5120
0
45995
488
0
28802
-3413
0
17208
-7070
0
8327
-9752
0
1979
-11947
0
-2828
-26088
0
-31308
-27550
0
-33951
-28526
0
-36412
-29257
0
-38606
-29501
0
-40161
-29013
0
-40656
-27794
0
37418
-25356
0
64532
-21943
0
86184
-18042
0
101736
-13653
0
113437
-9509
0
123198
-6583
0
131405
-4389
0
136656
-3657
0
135561
-4389
0
123099
-6339
0
104984
-9021
0
96363
-12434
0
11623
-15848
0
-3184
-18530
0
-12566
-21211
0
-19641
-23406
0
-24866
-24869
0
-28355
-36571
0
-51647
-37547
0
-53489
-38522
0
-55785
-39009
0
-57484
-39253
0
-58899
-38766
0
-59306
-37790
0
18501
-36084
0
37232
-33402
0
60455
-30476
0
76162
-27063
0
87422
-23893
0
95974
-21455
0
103163
-19749
0
107593
-19261
0
106413
-19749
0
93999
-21211
0
76960
-23406
0
69233
-26088
0
-14324
-28770
0
-27926
-30964
0
-36411
-32914
0
-42294
-34377
0
-46294
-35596
0
-49202
62
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