Name_____________________________
Topic 5: Pollution Management
5.1 Nature of Pollution
5.1.1 Define the term pollution
5.1.2 Distinguish between the terms point source pollution and nonpoint source pollution, and outline the challenges they present for management.
1. Define the term pollution, and distinguish between point source and non-point source pollution. [4] (2011 M2 2a)
2. Describe how the pollution produced by the shrimp farm could be considered non-point source pollution [2] (2011 N2 1b (iii))
3. Distinguish between the terms point source pollution and non-point source pollution. [2] (2013 M2 5a)
5.1.3 State the major sources of pollutants.
4. Explain how different types of atmospheric pollution may have negative effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Refer to at least two named
atmospheric pollutants in your answer. [6] (2011 M2 2b)
5.2 Detection and monitoring of pollution
5.2.1 Describe two direct methods of monitoring pollution.
5. Describe one direct method of monitoring pollution. [2] (2010 N1 6a)
6. Describe a direct method that may be used to monitor a named pollutant. [3] (2012 M1 6c)
5.2.2 Define the term biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and explain how this indirect method is used to assess pollution levels in water.
7. A small lake is going through the process of eutrophication. State one possible point source and one possible non-point source of nutrient
pollution in the lake. [2] (2012 M1 2c)
5.2.3 Describe and explain an indirect method of measuring pollution levels using a biotic index
8. Outline the concept of an indicator species. [2] (2011 N1 3e)
5.3 Approaches to pollution management
5.3.1 Outline approaches to pollution management with respect to figure 5.
5.3.2 Discuss the human factors that affect the approaches to pollution management.
9. Discuss, with reference to examples, the human factors which affect the successful implementation of pollution management strategies. [6]
(2010 M2 2c)
10. Discuss, with reference to examples, the influence of cultural, political, and economic challenges to pollution management. [9] (2011 N2 2c)
11. Identify one local factor which can affect the choice of pollution management strategy, and one national factor. [2] (2012 N1 5c)
12. Describe and evaluate two pollution management strategies that could be used to reduce the Great Pacific Garbage patch. [4] (2013 M2 1a)
13. Evaluate the role of reducing, reusing, and recycling strategies in the management of atmospheric pollutants. [8] (2011 M2 2c)
14. Suggest ways to approach the management of a named pollutant. Illustrate your answer using the three step pollution management model.
[5] (2011 N2 2b)
5.3.3 Evaluate the costs and benefits to society of the World Health Organization’s ban on the use of the pesticide DDT.
5.4.1 Outline the processes of eutrophication.
15. Define the term eutrophication. [1] (2011 M2 1b)
5.4 Eutrophication
b. Explain how eutrophication is an example of positive feedback. [2]
16. Land around a lake is used for livestock farming, state how the farm may affect the lake ecosystem. [2] (2010 M1 3c)
17. With reference to natural cycles and human activities, outline the process of eutrophication. [6] (2012 N2 3a)
5.4.2 Evaluate the impacts of eutrophication.
5.4.3 Describe and evaluate pollution management strategies with respect to eutrophication.
5.5 Solid domestic waste
5.5.1 Outline the types of solid domestic waste.
18. List three types of solid domestic waste. [1] (2010 M1 5c)
5.5.2 Describe and evaluate pollution management strategies for solid domestic (municipal) waste.
19. Identify one other method of solid waste disposal (than recycling, landfilling, or incineration) and state the name of a material that is managed
in this way. [1] (2011 M1 2b 2c 2d)
b. Outline two factors at the national scale, which affect the choice of waste disposal method. [2]
c. Explain how the use of waste to generate energy can increase greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. [2]
20. State one advantage and one disadvantage of each of the following methods of solid waste disposal. [3] (2012 M1 2a)
21. Figure 7 below shows three alternative locations for a landfill site (A, B, and C) (2010 M1 5b 5c)
a. Choose one landfill site and state two advantages and disadvantages of your choice [2]
b. List three types of solid domestic waste. [1]
c. Discuss the disadvantages of one named management strategy, other than landfill, for dealing with solid domestic waste. [2]
5.6 Depletion of stratospheric ozone
5.6.1 Outline the overall structure and composition of the atmosphere.
22. As well as being powerful greenhouse gases, CFCs affect atmospheric absorption of UV radiation. State the name of the atmospheric gas
that significantly reduces the amount of UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface. [1] (2010 M1 1d)
b. Figure 2 below shows the structure of the Earth’s atmosphere. Label the two lowest layers of the atmosphere on the diagram. [1]
c. State one effect of UV radiation on living organisms. [1]
23. Earth’s atmosphere is composed of 78% of one type of gas and 21% of another type of gas, state the names of these two gases. [1] (2013
M1 1a)
5.6.2 Describe the role of ozone in the absorption of ultraviolet radiation.
5.6.3 Explain the interaction between ozone and halogenated organic gases.
24. State the name and identify the source of one of the chemicals which causes stratospheric ozone depletion. [1] (2010 N1 6c)
(2013 M1 1b)
5.6.4 State the effects of ultraviolet radiation on living tissues and biological productivity.
5.6.5 Describe three methods of reducing the manufacture and release of ozone‑ depleting substances.
5.6.6 Describe and evaluate the role of national and international organizations in reducing the emissions of ozone depleting substances.
25. Evaluate the success of the Montreal Protocol in reducing ozone-depleting substances. [3] (2010 N1 6d)
26. Evaluate the success of the Montreal Protocol in reducing emissions of ozone-depleting substances. [2] (2013 M1 1b(iii))
5.7 Urban air pollution
5.7.1 State the source and outline the effect of tropospheric ozone.
27. Explain how depletion of the ozone layer is an example of positive feedback. [3] (2010 N1 6d)
5.7.2 Outline the formation of photochemical smog.
28. Outline how the combustion of fossil fuels can cause acid deposition and photochemical smog. [7] (2010 M2 2b)
5.7.3 Describe and evaluate pollution management strategies for urban air pollution.
5.8 Acid deposition
5.8.1 Outline the chemistry leading to the formation of acidified precipitations.
29. When volcanoes erupt, they emit many gases, some of which contribute to acid deposition. List two gases that contribute to acid deposition.
[2] (2012 M1 6b)
30. Burning fossil fuels produces gases often called SOx and NOx. State the names of the two acids usually produced with SOx and NOx
dissolve in water. [1]
b. Discuss why acid deposition has been controlled mainly by regional agreements rather than by global agreements. [2] (2013 M1 2a(i) 2b(i))
5.8.2 Describe three possible effects of acid deposition on soil, water and living organisms.
31. Predict the effect of acid deposition on potassium and copper availability to plants from this soild. [2] (2011 N1 1a)
5.8.3 Explain why the effect of acid deposition is regional rather than global.
5.8.4 Describe and evaluate pollution management strategies for acid deposition.
32. Outline one pollution management strategy that might reduce the impact of acid deposition in soils. [2] (2011 N1 1c)