Zach`s Climate Project Grade 9

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Regions of Canada Project
By Zach Amaral
The city that I chose for the Cordilleran Region was Vancouver. The western cordillera is made up of
large but also very steep mountains. These large mountains contain river flows. When the river is
flowing east, the water will flow into Hudson Bay and James Bay to name a few. Although in the Rockies,
the river flows towards the west which will lead out into the Pacific Ocean. This region is mostly known
for its mountains but it also includes plains, valleys, and plateaus. Many of the mountains in the western
cordillera rise to more than 3,000 metres. The Rocky Mountains make up the eastern part of the
Cordillera. The Western Cordillera has a variety of vegetation. This region is made up of mostly
evergreen trees, more precisely Douglas Fir, cedar, and white spruce. These trees grow in this region
because of the moist conditions. The Cordilleran Region holds five of the eight forest zones in Canada. At
the top of the mountains it is like a tundra. It’s like a tundra because of the conditions which is icy,
snowy, and very cold at all times. The climate in this region is moist and mild. The climate is also
influenced by the closeness of the Pacific Ocean. The climate here is also known as maritime climate.
This meaning the winters are usually below freezing and the summers are cooler than in the interior of
the continent.
The city that I chose for the Interior Plains region was Winnipeg. The Interior Plains are also known as
the Prairies. The Prairies are located in the south of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. The
topography of this region consists of a lot of Plains. This region is very flat, covered in grass, no trees, in
some parts, and could have a very diverse topography. Some parts of this region have very low
mountains which could also be described as rolling hills. The Manitoba plain is divided into a line of
separate hills, from the deep valleys flowing towards the east. The Alberta Plain is higher than the
Saskatchewan Plain, and the Saskatchewan Plain overlooks the Manitoba Plain. The vegetation in this
region mainly consists of wheat and grasslands. This is because of the amount of farming in this region.
The climate in the Interior Plains is very different throughout the year. Summers could vary from 10 and
30 degrees Celsius while the winters vary from negative 10 to negative 30 degrees. Farmers like this
region because there is a lot of land to grow things.
The city that I chose for the Canadian Shield region was Thunder Bay. The topography of the Canadian
Shield is very interesting. Mostly this region is covered in many rocky hills. There is a pattern of lakes,
rivers and swamps because of the debris left behind from the meeting of the glaciers. In the north the
average elevation is about 100 meters above sea level while it is 500 meters above sea level in the
south. Most rivers in this region flow into Hudson Bay or James Bay. The Canadian Shield has some of
the oldest volcanoes in the world. Over 150 volcanoes have gone extinct in this region. Vegetation in the
Shield is mostly pine trees, lakes, and bogs. The climate in this region is known to be humid and hot in
the summers while it’s very cold in the winter with usually lots of snow.
The city that I chose for the St. Lawrence Lowlands region was Toronto. This region’s topography has a
rolling landscape. This means that there are a lot of small hills or slopes throughout the region. The land
is not flat or plain. The rolling landscape had been created mostly by glaciation. St. Lawrence Lowlands is
the smallest geographical region in Canada. This region used to have many forests but now only 10% of
this region has forests. Most forests are very old in this region. These forests contain various types of
trees. Birch, maple, walnut, pine, spruce, and fir trees are all examples of what types of trees are in the
forests. Trees in this region are getting cut down which means soon there will be no more trees in the
St. Lawrence Lowlands. The climate here is a continental climate which means that it is a dry climate
with very cold winters and very hot summers.
The city that I chose for the Appalachian Region was Fredericton. This region is made up of many
mountain ranges. The mountains are all pretty low because of the erosion. Over time the regions peeks
have eroded therefore turning into smooth mountains and hills. There are also many rivers in the
Appalachian Region. The elevations vary from 180 meters above sea level in Newfoundland to 1230
meters above sea level in Quebec. In the higher elevations the vegetation includes white spruce, balsam
fir, black spruce, and feather moss. In the lower elevations of the region some trees carry sugar maple
and white pine. There is a lot of variation with the weather in this region. It gets a lot of snow and
precipitation. For most of the year, the climate is cool and wet.
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