Supplemental Data
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HALOGENATED FLAME RETARDANTS DURING EGG
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FORMATION
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DEVELOPMENT: MATERNAL TRANSFER, POSSIBLE
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BIOTRANSFORMATION AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
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XIAO-BO ZHENG,†‡ XIAO-JUN LUO,† YAN-HONG ZENG,†‡ JIANG-PING
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WU,† SHE-JUN CHEN,† BI-XIAN MAI†
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† State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese
AND
CHICKEN
EMBRYO
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Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China,
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‡ Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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NO. OF PAGES:
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NO. OF FIGURES:
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*Corresponding author, Phone: +86-20-85290146; Fax: +86-20-85290706; E-mail: luoxiaoj@gig.ac.cn;
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SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample preparation and analysis
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All the HFRs were analyzed by gas chromatograph–electron capture negative
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ionization–mass spectrometer operated in the selected ion monitoring mode. A
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DB-XLB capillary column (30 m × 250 μm i.d. × 0.25 μm film thickness; J&W
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Scientific, CA) was used to separate the tri- to hepta-BDEs (BDEs 28, 47, 66, 85, 99,
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100, 138, 153, 154, 171, 180 and 183), PBB 153, and DP with its metabolites. For
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octa- to deca-BDEs (BDEs 196, 197, 201, 202, 203, 206, 207, 208 and 209), PBB
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209, DBDPE, and BTBPE, a DB-5HT capillary column (15 m × 250 μm i.d. × 0.10
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μm film thickness; J&W Scientific, CA) was used. Details of the instrumental
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conditions were published elsewhere [1]. Ions m/z 79 and 81 were monitored for tri-
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to nona-BDEs, BTBPE, DBDPE. Ions m/z 486.7 and 488.7, 653.8 and 655.8, 584
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and 586, 618, 494.7 and 496.7, 476 and 478 were monitored for BDE 209, DP,
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anti-Cl10-DP, anti-Cl11-DP,
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nine eggs were divided into albumen and yolk for experiment by the same method.
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Quality assurance/Quality control
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C-BDE 209, and
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C-PCB 208, respectively. Another
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The method quality assurance (QA) and control (QC) was performed by regular
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analysis of procedural blanks, spiking blanks (mixture of 10 PBDE congeners, DP
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and DBDPE spiked in solvent blanks), and blind triplicate samples (one egg sample
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was equally divided by three and the three samples were extracted, cleaned, and
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analyzed by the same procedure). Procedure blanks contained traces of target
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chemicals, but the levels were less than 1% of the analyzed concentration in the
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samples. The recoveries in spiking blanks were 84 ± 0.8, 90 ± 6.5, and 89 ± 4.8% for
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individual PBDE congeners, DP and DBDPE, respectively. The recoveries of
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surrogate standards were 116.0 ± 4.7, 95.2 ± 4.0, 115 ± 5.0, and 115 ± 5.8 % for
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BDEs 77, 181, 205, and
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corrections were made to the final concentrations. Target chemicals including all
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HFRs detected in the triplicate samples were consistent (RSD <15%). Instrumental
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QC was performed by regular injection of solvent blanks and standard solutions. In
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order to exclude the effect of thermal degradation during injection, additionally
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mixture standard of BDE 209 and DBDPE were used for daily injection. The daily
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difference should be less than 15%.
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C-BDE 209, respectively. No surrogate or blank
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The limits of quantification (LOQs) were set as the mean value of target
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compounds detected in procedure blanks plus three times of standard deviations. For
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the undetectable compounds in blanks, the LOQs were estimated as a signal to noise
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ratio of 10. BDEs 47, 153, 206, 209, syn-DP, anti-DP, BTBPE and PBB 153 were
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found in procedure blanks at median levels of 174, 153, 86, 426, 44, 112, 183 and
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114 pg, respectively. The LOQs ranged from 0.13 to 1.24 ng/g lw (lipid weight) for
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tri- to hepta-BDEs, 0.24 to 2.25 ng/g lw for octa- to deca-BDEs, 0.14 to 1.29 ng/g lw
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for DP and its metabolites, and 0.46 to 3.27 ng/g lw for BTBPE, DBDPE and PBBs.
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REFERENCES
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1. Zheng XB, Wu JP, Luo XJ, Zeng YH, She YZ, Mai BX. 2012. Halogenated
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flame retardants in home-produced eggs from an electronic waste recycling
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region in South China: Levels, composition profiles, and human dietary
exposure assessment. Environ Int 45: 122–128.
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Table S1 Sample information
Hen muscle
Egg
(0
day
Egg ( 7 day
Egg (14 day
Muscle of
Liver
incubation)
incubation)
incubation)
embryos)
embryos)
of
n
11
10
10
10
9
9
weight/g
72 ± 11
38 ± 6
35 ± 5
34 ± 6
0.25 ± 0.04
0.58 ± 0.09
Lipid/%
2.7 ± 0.8
15 ± 4
14 ± 2
15 ± 4
6±2
13 ± 3
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Figure captions
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Figure S1. Levels of PBDEs, DP, BTBPE, PBBs 153, 209 and DBDPE in hen muscle,
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eggs, chick muscle and liver. a: adult hen muscle; b: chick muscle. The
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horizontal line represents 5th, median, and 95th percentiles, and the box
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represents 25th and 75th percentiles. Outliers exceeding 1.5 and 3 times of
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the height of box are shown as individual circles and asterisks,
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respectively. An extreme of BTBPE in hen muscle (19300 ng/g lw) was
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not given in the figure.
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Figure S2. HFRs composition profiles (samples divided by two PBDE congener
patterns) in hen muscle (a), eggs (b), and chick muscle (c)/liver (d).
25000
10000
25000
10000
56
20000
20000
PBDEs
8000
8000
DPs
13
25
15000
15000
18
6000
6000
38
33
10000
10000
4000
4000
21
28
34
5000
5000
2000
2000
0
0
1000
1000
Concentration (ng/g lipid)
2
35
22
0
100
100
0
BTBPE
80
80
800
800
600
600
37
PBB153
46
11
60
60
40
40
400
400
41
200
200
20
20
35
7
00
80000
80000
38
37
34
00
12000
PBB209
7
10000
DBDPE
60000
60000
8000
40000
40000
11
6000
4000
20000
20000
2000
0
0
78
79
22
38
Muscle a
Egg
Muscle b Liver
Figure S1
0
Muscle a
Egg
Muscle b Liver
80
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Samples with PBDEs dominated by Deca-BDEs
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Samples with PBDEs dominated by Octa-BDEs
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Figure S2