2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 1 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Update (2012) for the College of William and Mary Spring 2013 Akshay Deverakonda and Zander Pellegrino On behalf of the Science and Technical Advisory Subcommittee Of the President’s Committee on Sustainability Contents: I. Executive Summary II. Methodology III. Scope 1 Changes, Emissions IV. Scope 2 Changes, Emissions V. Scope 3 Changes, Emissions VI. Total Emissions Appendix I: Contacts Appendix II: Notes 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 2 I. Executive Summary In the spring of 2009, the College of William and Mary completed the first greenhouse gas emissions inventory for the campus. The inventory quantified emissions from 2002 to 2008, and updated reports quantified emissions for 2009 and 2010. This report is a continuation of that work, updating the report with the greenhouse gas emissions from 2012. The College emitted 70,862 metric tons of eCO2 in 2012. The emissions per developed area of campus have continued to decrease, falling to 18.79 kilograms of eCO2 per square foot of building space in 2011. This is a 10% decrease in emissions per square foot since 2011. Purchased energy is the greatest contribution to William and Mary’s greenhouse gas emissions. In 2012, emissions from purchased energy totaled 70,862 metric tons of eCO2. The campus experienced a decrease in energy use from previous years. As purchased energy is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, any actions intended to reduce emissions must target reducing the use of purchased energy. This includes efforts to increase the efficiency of campus energy use, continuing efficiency upgrades and emphasizing the use of energy efficient technology in any new construction. Clean energy sources must be considered as well; either by purchasing clean electricity from Dominion Power or creating it on campus. The other important sector for William and Mary to consider for emissions reductions is transportation. Carpooling and Zipcar programs were implemented in Fall 2010. The College should prioritize research on the effectiveness of these programs and the extent of their use as future expansions are considered. 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 3 Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Emissions per Emissions per Emissions per Emissions, MT square foot, kg undergraduate MT person, MT eCO2 eCO2/sq. foot eCO2/undergraduate eCO2/person 73399.39 29.63 13.28 6.888 74701.26 30.16 13.32 6.913 74118.69 29.09 13.08 6.908 76195.96 29.91 13.7 7.037 77974.18 30.61 14.11 7.127 76842.31 27.46 13.65 6.912 78766.96 28.15 13.81 7.028 82506.6 27.45 14.28 7.332 84663.2 23 14.7 7.44 78210 20.76 12.88 6.775 70862 18.79 11.77 6.62 Table I. Data of emissions by year. Emissions by Scope, MT eCO2 Fertilizer, 1.3 Study Abroad Travel , 6112 Business Travel (2009), 7821 Mobile Combustion (Fleet), 412 Stationary Combustion, 13266 Purchased Electricity, 43248 Figure 1. Emissions by Scope, Metric Tons eCO2 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 4 II. Methodology The same methodology used in the 2008, 2009, and 2011 greenhouse gas inventories was used to complete this year’s report. A full explanation of that methodology can be seen in the “Greenhouse Gas Inventory for the College of William and Mary[1]” conducted in spring 2009. In this report, only emissions from fiscal year 2012 were considered. The Clean Air-Cool Planet Campus Carbon Calculator was again used to compile the data and identify the associated emissions; this is the first year the web based version on CarbonMAP was used. III. Scope 1 Changes, Emissions The emissions included in Scope 1 are from the campus power plant, the university fleet, and fertilizer applications. In 2011, the campus power plant burned the following fuels: 6,689 gallons of #2 fuel oil, 248,114 MMBtu of natural gas, and 430 gallons of propane. The automobiles owned by William and Mary used 42,975 gallons of gasoline and an estimated 2,049 gallons of diesel fuel. This data were gathered by working with Diana Tennis, the Business Manager in Auxiliary Services, to go through fuel purchasing records for the 2012 fiscal year. There was an 8% increase in gallons of gasoline used from 2012. Paul Morie, the Turf Supervisor for the College, provided the information on fertilizer applications. William and Mary used 1,200 pounds of 25% nitrogen fertilizer comprised in 2012, the same nitrogen content as was applied in 2010 and 2011. 1.26 metric tons of eCO2 were released from fertilizer application in 2012. Overall, Scope 1 sources were responsible for 13,680.2 metric tons of eCO2 in 2012. This is an decrease from the 14,135.8 metric tons of eCO2 emitted in 2011. V. Scope 3 Changes, Emissions All emissions not directly controlled by the College are considered Scope 3 emissions. In this report, travel to study abroad programs and travel for business purposes compose Scope 3. This report also uses the 2009 estimate for business travel of 7821.7 metric tons of eCO2. Future audits should conduct another study for updated transportation data. Study abroad travel by students caused the emission of 6112.34 metric tons of eCO2. This was an increase from the 5,216 metric tons of eCO2 emitted in 2011 for study abroad travel. In total, Scope 3 encompasses 13934.04 metric tons of eCO2 emitted by the College in 2012. The greatest impact on reducing the College’s greenhouse gas emissions from Scope 3 sources 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 5 would come from addressing transportation related emissions. Reducing the emissions caused by daily commuting to campus could come from increasing the use of public transportation and carpooling. Future years should conduct another commuter survey to analyze the specific impact of these programs, as well as communications with the Charles Center to analyze travel funded using university grant money. In addition, the business travel statistic for the College should be updated for future audits, which should consider the CampusCarbon program in their analysis. VI. Total Emissions Total Emissions by Scope, MT eCO2 Metric Tons eCO2 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Figure 2. Total Emissions by Scope, Metric Tons, eCO2 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 6 Emissions per square foot, kg eCO2 sq. foot Emissions per square foot 33 31 29 27 25 23 21 19 17 15 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year Figure 3. Emissions by square foot. This decrease in emissions per square foot may be attributed to the completion of many of the large construction projects. The Mason School of Business, the School of Education, and the Cohen Career Center have been given LEED Gold certifications from the U.S Green Building Council. In addition, the College has begun projects to increase the efficiency of existing buildings on campus. Emissions per undergraduate MT eCO2/undergraduate Emissions per undergraduate 15 14.5 14 13.5 13 12.5 12 11.5 11 10.5 10 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Year Figure 4. Emissions per undergraduate 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 7 Emissions per person, MT eCO2/person Emissions per person 7.6 7.4 7.2 7 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Figure 5. Emissions per person Year 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 8 Appendix I: Contacts Data Source Population & Physical Size Common Data Set of College’s website Contact Information http://www.wm.edu/offices/ia e/institutional_research_ reporting/cds/index.php Budget-Operating & Research Glenda White, Director of Budget gewhit@wm.edu 757-221-2566 Budget-Energy; Custom Fuel Mix Dan Patterson, Energy Manager dppatt@wm.edu 757-221-1754 University Fleet Diana Tennis, Business Manager drtenn@wm.edu 757-221-2500 Fertilizer Paul Morie, Turf Supervisor, Facilities Management pamori@wm.edu 757-221-1381 Study Abroad Adam Ferguson, Study Abroad Assistant, Reves Center for International Studies adferguson@wm.edu 757-221-3597 2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 9 Appendix II: Notes Data were not received regarding solid waste, composting, or recycling, 2012 business travel. Estimate for Scope 2 data given by Dan Patterson.