2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 1
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Update (2012) for the College of William and Mary
Spring 2013
Akshay Deverakonda and Zander Pellegrino
On behalf of the Science and Technical Advisory Subcommittee
Of the President’s Committee on Sustainability
Contents:
I.
Executive Summary
II.
Methodology
III.
Scope 1 Changes, Emissions
IV.
Scope 2 Changes, Emissions
V.
Scope 3 Changes, Emissions
VI.
Total Emissions
Appendix I: Contacts
Appendix II: Notes
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 2
I.
Executive Summary
In the spring of 2009, the College of William and Mary completed the first greenhouse gas
emissions inventory for the campus. The inventory quantified emissions from 2002 to 2008, and
updated reports quantified emissions for 2009 and 2010. This report is a continuation of that
work, updating the report with the greenhouse gas emissions from 2012.
The College emitted 70,862 metric tons of eCO2 in 2012. The emissions per developed area of
campus have continued to decrease, falling to 18.79 kilograms of eCO2 per square foot of
building space in 2011. This is a 10% decrease in emissions per square foot since 2011.
Purchased energy is the greatest contribution to William and Mary’s greenhouse gas emissions.
In 2012, emissions from purchased energy totaled 70,862 metric tons of eCO2. The campus
experienced a decrease in energy use from previous years.
As purchased energy is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, any actions intended
to reduce emissions must target reducing the use of purchased energy. This includes efforts to
increase the efficiency of campus energy use, continuing efficiency upgrades and emphasizing
the use of energy efficient technology in any new construction. Clean energy sources must be
considered as well; either by purchasing clean electricity from Dominion Power or creating it on
campus.
The other important sector for William and Mary to consider for emissions reductions is
transportation. Carpooling and Zipcar programs were implemented in Fall 2010. The College
should prioritize research on the effectiveness of these programs and the extent of their use as
future expansions are considered.
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 3
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Total
Emissions per
Emissions per
Emissions per
Emissions, MT square foot, kg
undergraduate MT
person, MT
eCO2
eCO2/sq. foot
eCO2/undergraduate eCO2/person
73399.39
29.63
13.28
6.888
74701.26
30.16
13.32
6.913
74118.69
29.09
13.08
6.908
76195.96
29.91
13.7
7.037
77974.18
30.61
14.11
7.127
76842.31
27.46
13.65
6.912
78766.96
28.15
13.81
7.028
82506.6
27.45
14.28
7.332
84663.2
23
14.7
7.44
78210
20.76
12.88
6.775
70862
18.79
11.77
6.62
Table I. Data of emissions by year.
Emissions by Scope, MT eCO2
Fertilizer, 1.3
Study
Abroad
Travel ,
6112
Business
Travel
(2009),
7821
Mobile
Combustion
(Fleet), 412
Stationary
Combustion,
13266
Purchased
Electricity, 43248
Figure 1. Emissions by Scope, Metric Tons eCO2
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 4
II.
Methodology
The same methodology used in the 2008, 2009, and 2011 greenhouse gas inventories was used to
complete this year’s report. A full explanation of that methodology can be seen in the
“Greenhouse Gas Inventory for the College of William and Mary[1]” conducted in spring 2009.
In this report, only emissions from fiscal year 2012 were considered. The Clean Air-Cool Planet
Campus Carbon Calculator was again used to compile the data and identify the associated
emissions; this is the first year the web based version on CarbonMAP was used.
III.
Scope 1 Changes, Emissions
The emissions included in Scope 1 are from the campus power plant, the university fleet, and
fertilizer applications.
In 2011, the campus power plant burned the following fuels: 6,689 gallons of #2 fuel oil,
248,114 MMBtu of natural gas, and 430 gallons of propane.
The automobiles owned by William and Mary used 42,975 gallons of gasoline and an estimated
2,049 gallons of diesel fuel. This data were gathered by working with Diana Tennis, the Business
Manager in Auxiliary Services, to go through fuel purchasing records for the 2012 fiscal year.
There was an 8% increase in gallons of gasoline used from 2012.
Paul Morie, the Turf Supervisor for the College, provided the information on fertilizer
applications. William and Mary used 1,200 pounds of 25% nitrogen fertilizer comprised in 2012,
the same nitrogen content as was applied in 2010 and 2011. 1.26 metric tons of eCO2 were
released from fertilizer application in 2012.
Overall, Scope 1 sources were responsible for 13,680.2 metric tons of eCO2 in 2012. This is an
decrease from the 14,135.8 metric tons of eCO2 emitted in 2011.
V. Scope 3 Changes, Emissions
All emissions not directly controlled by the College are considered Scope 3 emissions. In this
report, travel to study abroad programs and travel for business purposes compose Scope 3.
This report also uses the 2009 estimate for business travel of 7821.7 metric tons of eCO2. Future
audits should conduct another study for updated transportation data. Study abroad travel by
students caused the emission of 6112.34 metric tons of eCO2. This was an increase from the
5,216 metric tons of eCO2 emitted in 2011 for study abroad travel.
In total, Scope 3 encompasses 13934.04 metric tons of eCO2 emitted by the College in 2012.
The greatest impact on reducing the College’s greenhouse gas emissions from Scope 3 sources
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 5
would come from addressing transportation related emissions. Reducing the emissions caused by
daily commuting to campus could come from increasing the use of public transportation and
carpooling. Future years should conduct another commuter survey to analyze the specific impact
of these programs, as well as communications with the Charles Center to analyze travel funded
using university grant money. In addition, the business travel statistic for the College should be
updated for future audits, which should consider the CampusCarbon program in their analysis.
VI. Total Emissions
Total Emissions by Scope, MT
eCO2
Metric Tons eCO2
50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
Scope 1
Scope 2
Scope 3
Figure 2. Total Emissions by Scope, Metric Tons, eCO2
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 6
Emissions per square foot, kg eCO2 sq.
foot
Emissions per square foot
33
31
29
27
25
23
21
19
17
15
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Figure 3. Emissions by square foot.
This decrease in emissions per square foot may be attributed to the completion of many of the
large construction projects. The Mason School of Business, the School of Education, and the
Cohen Career Center have been given LEED Gold certifications from the U.S Green Building
Council. In addition, the College has begun projects to increase the efficiency of existing
buildings on campus.
Emissions per undergraduate MT
eCO2/undergraduate
Emissions per undergraduate
15
14.5
14
13.5
13
12.5
12
11.5
11
10.5
10
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Year
Figure 4. Emissions per undergraduate
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 7
Emissions per person, MT eCO2/person
Emissions per person
7.6
7.4
7.2
7
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Figure 5. Emissions per person
Year
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 8
Appendix I: Contacts
Data
Source
Population &
Physical Size
Common Data Set of
College’s website
Contact Information
http://www.wm.edu/offices/ia
e/institutional_research_
reporting/cds/index.php
Budget-Operating
& Research
Glenda White, Director of
Budget
gewhit@wm.edu
757-221-2566
Budget-Energy; Custom Fuel
Mix
Dan Patterson, Energy
Manager
dppatt@wm.edu
757-221-1754
University
Fleet
Diana Tennis, Business
Manager
drtenn@wm.edu
757-221-2500
Fertilizer
Paul Morie, Turf Supervisor,
Facilities Management
pamori@wm.edu
757-221-1381
Study Abroad
Adam Ferguson, Study
Abroad Assistant, Reves
Center for International
Studies
adferguson@wm.edu
757-221-3597
2012 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Audit, The College of William & Mary 9
Appendix II: Notes
Data were not received regarding solid waste, composting, or recycling, 2012 business travel.
Estimate for Scope 2 data given by Dan Patterson.