Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
Review Questions, Chapter 16 & 17 Review
Please review Chapter 16 & 17 of your text, and answer the following questions in the spaces
provided.
Please define the following terms, providing examples and diagrams where asked. (Pages 415 –
418)
1. crustal deformation
2. Force
3. Stress
4. With the aid of several labeled diagrams, describe the types of forces/ stresses that produce
crustal deformation.
Compressional force described:
Diagram:
Tensional force described:
Diagram:
Shear force described:
Diagram:
Page 1 of 10
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
5. Describe the following types of crustal deformation.
(i) elastic
(ii) brittle
(iii) ductile
6. Describe how the following factors affect crustal deformation.
(i) temperature:
(ii) confining pressure
(iii) rock type
(iv) time
7. Faulting
8. Describe how factors that affect deformation are related to faulting.
(i) temperature:
(ii) confining pressure
(iii) rock type
(iv) time
Page 2 of 10
(Pages 415-419, 425)
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
9. Describe the two major types of faults and associated forces/stresses (Pages 421 – 423, 427-432)
(i) Dip slip
(ii) Strike Slip
10. With the aid of several labeled diagrams, describe following types of Dip Slip Faults
Diagram:
Normal Description:
Assoc. Forces
The hanging wall moves
DOWN in relation to the
footwall.
Assoc. Forces
Diagram:
Reverse Description:
The hanging wall moves UP
in relation to the footwall
Assoc. Forces
Diagram:
Thrust Description:
Assoc. Forces
Diagram:
Horst and Graben Description:
The hanging wall moves
DOWN
in relation to the footwall.
11. With the aid of several labeled diagrams, describe following types of Strike Slip Faults
Diagram:
Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Assoc. Forces
Description:
Looking across a fault,
movement to the right is
rved
Left-lateral strike-slip fault
Description
Looking across a fault, ent to
the left is observed
Assoc. Forces
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Diagram:
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
(Pages 415 – 419, 425)
12. Define Folding
13. Describe how factors that affect deformation are related to folding.
14. With the aid of several labeled diagrams, describe the following types of Folds.
Diagram:
Anticline Description:
An upward fold
in a rock sequence
Syncline Description:
An downwa
rd fold in a rock sequence
(Pages 440 – 443, 448-451)
15. Define earthquake
16. Identify the three main causes of earthquakes.
(i) moving Magma
(ii) elastic Rebound
(iii) faulting
17. Define Seismic Wave
Page 4 of 10
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
18. Define Epicenter (p. 447)
19. Define Focus (p. 441)
20. Define Fault (p. 442)
21. Define Foreshock
22. Define Aftershock
23. With the aid of a fully labeled diagram, illustrate how the terms fault, focus and epicenter
are related.
Diagram:
Page 5 of 10
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
24. With the aid of four labeled diagrams, illustrate what the term elastic rebound (theory)
means.
Diagram:
(Pages 440 – 443, 448-451)
25. Wadati-Benioff zone:
Wadati-Benioff Zone Description:
Diagram:
a long narrow region, usually
adjacent to a continent, along
which earthquake foci lie on a
plane which dips downwards
at about 45° and along which
the oceanic lithosphere is
thought to be descending into
the earth's interior
26. Compare the location of earthquakes to their plate boundaries. (shallow/intermediate/deep)
(i) Divergent:
(ii) Transform:
(iii) Convergent:
Page 6 of 10
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
27. Seismogram (p. 444) and Seismograph (p. 444) Also, provide a sketch to illustrate this.
Diagram:
Seismogram:
Seismograph:
28. With the aid of a fully labeled diagram, describe the principal of a seismograph.
(ie: how and why it works)
Diagram:
(Pages 445 – 447, 451-454)
29. Body waves and list two types:
i)
ii)
30. Primary (P) waves (p. 445)
31. Secondary (S) waves (p. 445)
Page 7 of 10
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
32. Surface / long wave (p. 445)
(Pages 445 – 447, 451-454)
33. Complete the following chart.
*In all rock types, P waves travel faster than S Waves.
(over…)
Page 8 of 10
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
.
.
34. Using Figure 16.11, determine the distance between an earthquake and a seismic station if
the first S wave arrives 3 minutes after the first P wave.
?
km.
 Piece of paper
measured to fit 3
min. on scale.
 Determine best fit
on time travel
graph.
 Read off distance
from graph x-axis.
Page 9 of 10
Easc 3209
Today’s date:
Unit 3 Review (Ch. 16 & 17)
.
2012 Due date:
.
:
Name
Section #
35. For each increase of 1 on the Richter scale, wave amplitude increases
36. An earthquake measuring 7.4 on the Richter scale releases
as an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.4 (show your workings)
Workings:
.
.
times.
times more energy
Answer:
37. i) An earthquake measuring 8.8 on the Richter scale releases
as an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.8 (show your workings)
ii) An earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter scale releases
as an earthquake with a magnitude of 4.6. (show your workings)
i) Workings:
times more energy
times more energy
( 30) X ( 30) ) = 900
Answer:
ii) Workings:
( 30) X ( 30) ) X ( 30) = 27,000
Answer:
38. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (p. 452)
39. Richter Scale (p. 453)
40. List four factors that affect the amount of destruction caused by seismic vibrations.
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
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