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Intro to T.O.Y.B.O.X. Final Exam Review
Chapter 10
1. Define the term developmentally appropriate.
pg. 314
Toys, activities, and tasks suitable for a child at a specific age.
2. What muscles are used in gross motor activities? pg. 316
SALT- Shoulders, Arms, Legs, Torso
3. What muscles are used during small motor activities?
Hands and fingers
pg. 316
4. List activities from the chart on page 315 that a typically developing two year old could perform.
Stacks 2-4 blocks, jumps in place, walks well, pulls toys with wheels, grasps crayon with fist to
scribbles
5. What skill improves in toddlers and it allows then to pick up small objects using their thumb and
forefingers? pg. 318
hand-eye coordination
6. What are the best ways to respond to children’s nightmares? pg. 322-23
Comfort the child immediately. Attempt to find the underlying cause such as stress, significant
changes in the child’s life. Avoid exposing the child to frightening images.
7. What are tips for parents when beginning to toilet train their children? pg. 330
Wait until the child is physically and emotionally ready. Signs of readiness are:
Able to control bladder and bowel function, can recognize when they need to go, child wants to be
grown up and use the toilet, can easily remove clothes.
8. What does the book say about choosing safe toys for children? pg. 336
Avoid toys with small removable parts because they are choking hazards.
9. Which food group provides the most protein (check Role of Nutrients in Chap. 5 pg. 152)?
Meat and beans
Chapter 11
10. Define the term self-concept. pg. 355
self-concept- How you see yourself.
11. What makes two year olds less likely to have temper tantrums than 18 month olds? pg. 345
They are better able to communicate their needs
12. It is important for parents to help children learn to express anger. What is an appropriate way that
children can express the anger? pg. 350
Use words
13. What are some common emotions felt by child when a new sibling enters the family? pg. 352
Jealousy, resentment, anger
14. Guidance from parents helps teach: pg. 368
a. self-discipline
b. moral development
b. develop a conscience
15. Define the term autonomy. pg. 371
autonomy-Independence
Chapter 12
16. Describe the different methods of learning. pg. 382
Incidental- unplanned learning
Trial and Error- when several solutions are tried before finding the one that works
Imitation- learning by watching and copying
Directed- learning that results from being taught
17. What area of intellectual development is required for playing games that involve problem solving
and strategy? pg. 387
reasoning
18. Define perception. pg.387
Perception- Information received through the senses
19. Define articulation. pg. 400
Articulation- the ability to use clear distinct speech
Chapter 13
20. A complete set of permanent teeth contains how many teeth? pg. 410
32
21. How should parents handle thumbs sucking in preschool age children? pg. 410
Ignore it
22. Children who are obese are more likely to: pg. 420
a. be overweight as an adult
b. increase risk of heart disease
c. increase risk of diabetes
23. What happens when more calories are eaten than a child burns through physical activities? pg. 420
The child gains weight because the extra weight is stored as fat.
24. What may cause a 4 to 6 year old child who is potty trained to have accidents? Pg. 424
Stress from new situations such as starting school
Chapter 14
25. What are common responses children have to stress? pg. 435
Headaches, stomach aches, sleeping difficulties
26. How does empathy alter a 5 year old child’s behavior? pg. 431
Makes them more likely to cooperate with other children
27. What are appropriate ways for adults to respond to a child’s fears? pg. 434
a. accept the fear
b. let the child express the fear without ridicule
c. help the child believe they can face the fear
28. Why is a time out appropriate if a child’s behavior is out of control? pg. 433
It allows the child time to calm down
29. When encouraging children, Erik Erikson believed allowing them to make their own decision is
important because it helps the child gain
self-confidence
. pg. 436
30. What is the best way to teach moral behavior to children? pg. 444
Model the desired behaviors
31. What are some negative aspects of competition? pg. 443
a. instills the idea that success depends on the ability to outdo others
b. may lead to hostile relationships
c. discourages initiative in those that rarely win
d. lowers status and self-esteem
32. What are some positive aspects of competition? pg. 442
a. stimulates individual efforts
b. helps gain realistic view of their own abilities
c. helps children excel
d. prepares them for the adult world
Chapter 15
33. Describe the traits of each different type of multiple intelligences. pg. 455-456
Linguistic: involves sensitivity to and the ability to learn languages
Logical-mathematical: ability to analyze problems and use logic, solve mathematical problems and
explore issues scientifically
Spatial: involves understanding of the potential use of space, thinking in 3-deminsional terms
Musical: skill in performing, composing, and appreciating musical patterns
Bodily Kinesthetic: potential to use one’s body to solve problems, using the mind to coordinate body
movements
Interpersonal: potential to understand the intentions, desires, and motivations of others.
Intrapersonal: entails the capacity to understand oneself.
Naturalistic: recognizing, categorizing, and drawing upon the features of the environment
34. What does it mean if a child has an egocentric view point? pg. 458
Viewing the world in terms of one’s own understanding, thoughts, and feelings.
35. What is alliteration? pg. 463
Repetition of certain sounds
36. How does art contribute to a child’s development? Pg. 464
a. Helps develop fine motor skills
b. encourages creativity
c. helps express their feelings
37. What is an important personal need children should manage before starting Kindergarten? pg. 467
Going to the bathroom without help
38. How can parents help children feel more comfortable when starting school? pg. 468
a. arrange playdates with future classmates
b. allowing the child to pick out their own lunch box or backpack
c. visit the school together before the first day
d. share positive feelings about school with the child
Chapter 21
39. What does the term regression mean? Give some examples. pg. 599
The backward movement to an earlier stage of development
a. toilet trained children having accidents
b. sucking thumb after previously having stopped the behavior
c. a weaned child wanting to use a bottle
40. What is a mandated reporter? pg. 620
Individuals who are required by law to report maltreatment if evidence of it is seen.
41. Define the types of abuse/maltreatment: pg. 617
Emotional or verbal- rejecting children, blaming them or constantly scolding them, particularly for
reasons beyond their control
Physical- intentionally causing an injury to a child.
Sexual- any inappropriate sexual behavior with a child including toughing or taking photographs
Neglect- failure to provide for a child’s basic needs including food, clothing, shelter, love and
attention. It can be both physical and emotional.
Chapter 22
42. What is a daily schedule? pg. 647
The plan for how children will spend their time in the early childhood classroom.
43. What are transitions and why are they important for children in an early childhood setting? pg. 646
Transitions are periods when children move from one activity to the next. They allow children to
finish up one activity and prepare for the next one.
44. What is positive reinforcement? pg. 650
Recognizing and rewarding desired behaviors.