01.05 Earth's Early Atmosphere
Rhesus
monkey
1
Horse
12
Donkey
11
By: BRYAM JIMENEZ
Reflections:
Common zebra 11
Pig, cow,
sheep
10
Dog
9
Gray whale
8
Rabbit
7
Kangaroo
9
Chicken,
turkey
12
Penguin
12
Peking duck
10
1.
What does it mean when scientists say that living organisms share a universal genetic code?
How does a universal genetic code relate to the hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth?
3.
How are self-replicating molecules, such as RNA molecules in the “RNA World” hypothesis, essential to the most popular
hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth?
4.
How might similarities and differences in genetic codes, or the proteins built as a result of these codes, be used to
determine how closely related different species are?
5.
Based on the amino acid sequence data for the Cytochome-C protein, chimpanzees and humans share an identical
coding sequence. What other species identified on the chart has a coding sequence that is most closely related to the humans and
chimpanzees and most distantly related? Explain your answer.
Answers:
2.
1. I think that scientists t believe that living things share a universal code because all living things contain genetic information and stored
Dna & Rna molecules that help function the cell. Well I also think that if all living organisms are related, than their genetic code is a
universal one. Meaning that the structure and general coding of the molecules is shared by all living organism. (Universally)
Snapping turtle 14
Rattlesnake
13
Bullfrog
17
Tuna
20
Screw fly
25
Silkworm
moth
29
Tomato horn
worm
30
Wheat
44
Rice
47
Baker’s Yeast 45
Candida Yeast 52
Neurospora
49
2. Many questions have been asked and hypothesis has been made about the origin of earth. Scientist like miller that have conducted
experiments can demonstrate how organic molecules could have formed Earth’s early atmosphere and how smaller molecules come
together to create big organic molecules. Scientist also believe (hypothesize) the first organic molecules to form and replicate are RNA
and soon came DNA. Those RNA molecules are probably much smaller than they are now a day; those are the molecules that are known
to build different types of proteins from amino acids on earth at that time.
3. Chains of nucleotides form when you insert RNA molecules into a test tube then a solution of the nucleotides start to make RNA which
results to Nucleotides. Those organic molecules aren’t really RNA molecules but it does mean something regarding the Rna World
hypothesis. Many scientist try but they can’t really seem to get a complete RNA molecule to replicate. Many others hypothesis and
experiments have been made that has to do with Replicating Rna but there just simpler ideas of self replicating organic molecules
preceding modern DNA and RNA molecules.
4. If RNA molecules could replicate themselves that meaning that whenever a microsphere split the genetic coding in an RNA would pass
to a new forming microsphere. This could be a way to show how cells pass on their genetic information today and can help explain why
organisms share a universal genetic coding.
A microsphere - * tiny bubbles filled with groups of large organic molecules; they can form under very specific forms. *
5. Well Current data indicate that the next closest to humans are chimps, because they share an identical coding sequence. Chicken and
turkey like shown in the chart above also have an identical coding sequence, Its all similar because all living organism share/contain a gentic information that is stored in the RNA
and Dna which shows the functions of the cells.