Chapter 5: EARTHQUAKES
Learning Target
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Facts or Examples
The stress ______ that _____
on the crust and _____ rock
in the ____________.
Tension occurs where two
plates ____________
(___________boundaries)
The stress _________ that
___________ rock until it
_______ or _____
Compression occurs
where two plates
_________________________
(____________ boundaries)
Shearing
Stress that _________ a mass
of rock in two ____________
directions
Shearing occurs where
two plates ______ past
each other (___________
boundaries)
Normal fault
The __________ wall slips
__________.
Normal faults occur
where two plates
________ or ____________
Reverse fault
The ____________ wall moves
up and the __________
moves down.
Reverse faults occur
where _____________
pushes the rock of the
crust ____________
Lesson 1
I can explain how
stress in the crust
changes Earth’s
surface
Tension
Compression
I can explain the three
types of faults
Strike-Slip
faults
Rocks on either ______ of
the fault slip past each
other ____________ with little
up or down __________.
Strike slip faults happen at
___________boundaries
when _______ occurs.
Symbol/Picture
I can compare and
contrast the land
features that result
from plate movement
A fold in rock that bends
___________into an
_________.
Caused by _____________
forces. Ex. ______________
Mountains in
Pennsylvania
Synclines
A fold in rock that bends
_________________ to form a
____ shape
Also caused by
______________ forces.
Folded
Mountains
______________ of two plates
causes compression and
___________ making folded
mountains.
The_____________ in Asia
and the ______ in Europe
are folded mountains.
(rounded curves)
Fault-block
Mountains
Mountains formed from
___________ in Earth’s crust
that causes ___________
Rocky Mountains, Sierra
Nevada Mountains –
mountains separated by
broad ________ and
______________.
Plateaus
Large area of flat
____________ land high
above ______________
Caused by __________ of
large flat blocks of rock.
Ex. 4 corners of USA
Anticlines
Lesson 2
I can describe how the
energy of an
earthquake travels
through Earth
Earthquake
Most earthquakes are too
The ___________ and
________ to notice. A
____________ that results
large quake can crack
from _______________ of rock open the ground, ______
beneath Earth’s surface
mountains and cause
great ___________.
Seismic Waves
Focus
I can explain how
scientists locate the
epicenter of an
earthquake.
Epicenter
___________ that travel
through Earth carrying
___________released by an
earthquake
The area __________Earth’s
surface where rock that
was under __________
begins to _______ or
________.
The _______ and _______of
the waves depend on
the _____________l
through which the waves
travel.
This is the place where
the Earthquake is
_______________.
The ____________ on the
surface directly above the
_____________.
P waves
______________ waves, the
______________ waves to
arrive, they __________ and
____________ the ground like
an accordion
P waves can travel
through __________ and
_______.
Particle motion and
direction of wave is in the
__________direction.
S waves
___________ waves, these
waves vibrate from
_______________________or
__________________
S waves cannot move
through ________, particle
motion and direction of
wave are _____________
Waves that occur on the
surface of the Earth. Move
more __________ than P and
S waves
Can produce severe
ground movements,
particle motion is
___________ like in water
Surface waves
I can identify the
scales used to
measure the strength
of an earthquake.
The Modified
Mercalli Scale
Rates the amount of
__________ from an
earthquake. Rated by
people’s ______________ –
no ____________ used
Uses __________ numerals,
I – XII, to rate amount of
___________.
See picture below
The Richter
Scale
Measures an earthquake’s
______________(strength)
based on the ______ of the
earthquake’s wave as
recorded by ______________.
Rated from 0 to 9 and
above
See picture below
The Moment
Magnitude
Scale
Scale that rates the total
_________ an earthquake
_____________ – the rating
we usually hear about it.
Each one point increase
in the scale = about
___times more energy
(ex. A magnitude 6 = ___x
as much energy as a
magnitude __)
seismograph
A(n) ____________ that
records and measures an
earthquake’s _______ waves
The ______ vibrates which
causes the ____ to record
the drum’s ___________
Seismogram
The drawing made by a
_____________ machine.
See picture below
Lesson 3
I can explain how
seismographs work
I can explain the
patterns that
seismographic data
reveal
The _______ show that
earthquakes often occur
along_________________.
Earthquake _____ largely
depends on how _______
a given location is to a
plate boundary.
See picture below
Learning Targets Chapter 5
Lesson 1
I can explain how stress in the crust changes Earth’s surface . . .
__________________, _________________________, and ______________________ work over millions of years to change the
__________________ and ___________________ of rock.
I can explain the three types of faults . . .
When enough _________________ builds up in a rock, the rock breaks, creating either a ________________________ fault, a
________________________ fault or a _______________________ fault.
I can compare and contrast the land features that result from plate movement . . .
Plate movement can change a flat plain into features such as _________, _________________ mountains,
_______________________ mountains and ______________.
Lesson 2
I can describe how the energy of an earthquake travels through Earth . . .
___________ _____________ carry energy produced by an earthquake.
I can explain how scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake . . .
The amount of earthquake _____________ or __________________ that is felt is rated using the _______________________________
scale. An earthquake’s ________________________ , or size, is measured using the _________________________ scale or the
___________________________________ scale.
I can explain how scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake.
Geologists use seismic waves like ___ waves, ____ waves and _____________ waves to locate an earthquake’s ___________
Lesson 3
I can explain how seismographs work . . .
Seismic waves cause a simple ___________________________ drum to vibrate which in turn causes the __________ to record the
drum’s vibrations.
From past seismographic data, geologists have created ___________ of where earthquakes occur around the world. The
maps show that earthquakes often occur along ____________ __________________.
Chapter 6: VOLCANOES
Learning Target
Vocabulary
Word
Definition
Facts or Examples
Lesson 1
I can identify where
volcanic regions and
hot volcanoes are
found on Earth’s
surface, and why they
are found there…
volcano
a ________________ that
forms in Earth’s _________
when molten material
reaches the _____________
magma
a molten mixture of rockforming substances,
____________ and water
from the ______________
lava
when ______________
reaches the ______________
Ring of Fire
one major belt of
_____________; includes
many volcanoes that rim
the __________ Ocean
includes volcanoes along
the coasts of North &
South America and those
in _______________ and
the ________________
Symbol/Picture
diverging
boundaries
converging
boundaries
island arc
hot spots
volcanoes form along the
mid-ocean ridges, where
______ plates move _______;
form long, underwater
_____________________ that
sometimes have a _________
down their center and also
form rift valleys on land
many volcanoes form
where _______ plates
_______________
the result from _____________
boundaries can sometimes
form a
___________________________
not all volcanoes form
along plate boundaries =
some from in an area where
material from deep within
Earth’s ________ rises
through the crust and melts
to form ____________
LEARNING TARGET
through ______, the older,
denser plate _____ into
the mantle and creates a
deep-ocean ________
causing the mantle to
partially ______; when this
magma rises up it can
break through the ocean
floor creating ___________
the curve echoes the
curve of its
_______________________
examples: Japan, New
Zealand, Aleutians &
Caribbean islands
stay in place for
__________ of years
example: Yellowstone
National Park
I can identify where volcanic regions and hot volcanoes are found on Earth’s surface, and why they are found there…
Volcanic belts form along the _____________________________ of Earth’s plates.
A volcano forms above a _________________ when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the ____________________.