Period 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
NAME: ___________________________________________________
___1. A scientist’s paper is rejected by a
journal because the paper did not reveal
key details about the experiment she
performed to get her results. What ethical
argument could the editor give for this
rejection?
A. Sample collection had been done by a
graduate student.
B. The scientist’s findings were similar to
results reported for other species.
C. The scientist had repeated her
experiment several times with identical
results.
D. Other scientists would not be able to
verify her findings without more information
data from Experiment 1 are listed in the chart
below. The data are also plotted on the
following graph.
Chart for Experiment 1
E Elapsed Time Temperature Observations
(
minutes
(C)
0
24.3
water added
3
22.1
6
21.0
9
20.5
12
20.3
15
20.2
ice added
18
13.7
21
8.2
24
2.2
27
0.0
___2. Architects are working with engineers
30
0.0
ice still present
to build a lecture hall. How can they design
it so that echoes are reduced and speech is
___4. If the experiment is repeated and the
not heard as garbled sounds?
only difference is that twice as much ice
A. build smooth marble walls, ceilings and
(146.0 g) is added to the container of water,
polished floors
the students will observe what difference
B. construct many flat walls, angled ceilings
from
and smooth floors
Experiment 1?
C. use an ultramodern design of metal
A. Any remaining ice will sink to the bottom of
walls, pillars and seats
the container.
D. build walls out of porous materials,
B. The water in the container will be colder at
upholster the seats and add carpets
the end of the experiment.
C. The temperature will fall faster during the
___3. The feature that identifies an
last 15 minutes of the experiment.
organism as a prokaryote is
D. A significantly larger amount of ice will
A. the presence of ribosomes.
melt in the last 15 minutes of the experiment.
B. the absence of chlorophyll.
C. the presence of a cell membrane.
___5. When the ice was added to the water
D. the absence of a nuclear membrane.
in the container, several energy transfers
occurred. Considering only the contents of
the container, what would be a likely
Temperature Experiment
sequence (order) of energy transfers?
Students pour 250.0 g of water into an
A. Water transferred energy to the ice as the
open insulated container. The initial
ice melted.
temperature of the water inside the
B. Water transferred energy to the air as the
container is recorded. The temperature of
ice increased in temperature.
the contents of the container is recorded
C. Ice transferred energy to the air which
every 3.0 minutes. When 73.0 g of ice (at
then lowered the temperature of the water.
melting point) is added to the container, the
D. Ice transferred energy to the water which
students continue to collect temperature
lowered the temperature of the water.
data and the mixture is gently stirred. The
___6. During the first 15 min of Experiment 1,
the water molecules in the container
A. decreased in average speed.
B. changed type of bonds present in water.
C. changed shape because the
temperature changed.
D. increased in oxygen content compared to
the hydrogen content.
___7. In most areas of Ohio, the frost-free
growing season is 150 to 180 days. Farms
close to Lake Erie have a growing season
closer to 200 days. One explanation of this
fact is that
A. crops grown around the lake are frostresistant.
B. industries around the lake prevent early
freezes.
C. irrigation water from the lake freezes at a
lower temperature.
D. heat given off by the lake extends the
number of frost-free days.
___8. When submitting research proposals to
funding agencies, investigators must follow
ethical guidelines. What information in a
research proposal would be considered
bogus and lead to rejection of the proposal?
A. plan for monitoring safety
B. estimates of the number of participants
required for the study
C. data from experiments havn’t been
performed
D. projected budget for equipment and
laboratory personnel
___9. geologists accept radiometric dating
techniques as valid because
A. radioactive elements decay at a constant and
measurable rate.
B. all radioactive elements used for dating
purposes have the same decay rate.
C. elements used for radiometric dating have
both radioactive and non-radioactive isotopes.
D. non-radioactive isotopes decay at the same
rate as radioactive isotopes.
____10. Points A, B, C and D in the drawing
below represent an asteroid’s position during
its orbit around the sun.
Which graph shows how the gravitational
force between the sun and the asteroid varies
with the asteroid’s distance from the sun?
____11. Earth’s crust is divided into many
crustal plates. Their activity is described as
plate tectonics. List two effects of plate
tectonics and explain how plate tectonics
causes each effect. Respond in the space
provided (4 points)
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___12. What energy transformation occurs in
green plants during photosynthesis?
A. Thermal energy is converted to electrical
energy.
B. Thermal energy is converted to light energy.
C. Chemical energy is converted to mechanical
energy.
D. Light energy is converted to chemical energy.
___13. The 19th-century hypothesis that
sedimentary strata were laid down in
chronological order had what immediate
impact on geologic theory?
A. It provided proof of continental drift.
B. It provided calibration of data derived from
radioactive decay.
C. It caused geologists to reconsider estimates
about Earth’s age.
D. It allowed geologists to better understand
tectonic plate movement.
Speed of Sound in Substances
(all substances at 25C)
Substance
air
water
seawater
silver
aluminum
Speed (m/s)
346
1498
1531
2680
5000
GS0000PSGXC0085A
___14. One could conclude that sound is
transmitted fastest in
A. solids.
C. gases.
B. liquids.
D. a vacuum
___15. Geologists installed tiltmeters in a
tectonically active area. Tiltmeters can detect
very small changes in the slope (tilt) of
Earth’s surface.
These changes result from the upward move
ment of magma beneath Earth’s surface.
What event could be predicted by monitoring
these changes?
A. a potential volcanic eruption
B. reversal of Earth’s magnetic field
C. a change in composition of Earth’s crust
D. decreased thermal energy transfer within
Earth
___16. The noble gas neon is used for filling
neon signs. Like other noble elements, it has
a full octet (complete outer energy level) of
electrons, which makes the gas
A. freeze at room temperature.
B. react with other gases in the air.
C. unlikely to combine with other elements.
D. solidify at standard pressure and temperature
Data Table
Substance
lithium
fluorine
potassium
sulfur
# of Protons
3
9
19
16
# of Electrons
2
10
19
18
GS0000PSAXR0533C
___17. Which substance is electrically
neutral?
A. lithium
C. potassium
B. fluorine
D. sulfur
___18. When you are driving a car, why is
braking less effective on a wet road than on a
dry road?
A. The water reduces friction.
B. Kinetic energy is increased by water.
C. Friction increases when the brakes are wet.
D. Reaction time is reduced during a rainstorm
____19. The primary reason an ice cube
feels cold to the touch is that
A. conduction causes coldness to leave the ice.
B. radiation from the hand enters the ice.
C. conduction causes heat to leave the hand.
D. convection currents leave the hand.
____20. Our country depends on energy
use. Choose one alternative energy source
from among wind power, nuclear power,
geothermal power and biomass. Identify your
choice and describe one potential benefit and
one potential disadvantage if its use is
significantly increased. Respond in the space
provided (2 points)
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___21. A population of deer existed for
centuries in a hilly region of England. The
landowners decided to introduce sheep into
the same area. Deer and sheep eat some of
the
same kinds of plants. After the sheep were
introduced, the deer population began to
decline. How could the decline in the deer
population be explained?
A. Sheep competed with the deer.
B. The sheep were smaller than the deer.
C. The food web became too complex.
D. Sheep are at a higher trophic level than
deer.
___22. Which of these elements would most
likely be a shiny, gray-colored solid
at room temperature, conduct electricity, and
dent when hit with a hammer?
A. aluminum
B. argon
C. chlorine
D. sulfur
____24. The early development of the theory
of plate tectonics was supported by which of
these observations?
A. matching fossils on the continents of Africa
and South America
B. glacier deposits far from existing continental
glaciers
C. thick sediment layers at the mouths of rivers
D. sudden volcanic activity of long-dormant
volcanoes
Speed of Sound in Solids
Solids
Cork
brick
glass
stainless
steel
Density
(g/cm3)
0.25
1.80
2.24
7.90
Speed
(m/s)
500
3650
4540
5000
GS0000PSGXC0315B
____25. For the solids listed in the data table,
which seems to be true about the relationship
between the speed of sound and density?
A. The speed of sound decreases as density
increases.
B. The speed of sound increases as density
increases.
C. The speed of sound increases as density
decreases.
D. There is no apparent relationship between
density and the speed of
sound.
____26. When a medical technician
analyzes human body fluids such as blood,
which
safety precaution would not be necessary?
____23. Scientists believe that forces in
Earth’s mantle move Earth’s crustal plates.
What do the arrows (above) in the diagram
represent?
A. ocean currents
B. gravity
C. convection currents
D. wind patterns
A. protective gloves
B. safety goggles/face shield
C. closed-toed shoes
D. lead-lined apron
____27. The water level in a graduated
cylinder rises from 10 cm3 to 35 cm3 when a
solid lead ball is added. What is the
approximate volume of the lead ball?
A. 3.5 cm3
B. 25 cm3
C. 35 cm3
D. 45 cm3
___28. When dropped from the same height,
why does a flat sheet of paper fall more
slowly than the same sheet when it is tightly
crumpled into a ball?
A. The sheet of paper has less mass when it is
flat than it does when it is crumpled.
B. The sheet of paper weighs less when it is flat
than it does when it is crumpled.
C. The force of gravity has a greater effect on the
crumpled paper than it does on the flat paper.
D. The flat sheet of paper has greater surface
area and encounters more air resistance
than when it is crumpled.
___29. The tundra is the coldest of the
biomes, having extremely low temperatures
and little
precipitation.
What other characteristics would be
expected for this biome?
____32. The Hawaiian Islands are riding on
the Pacific Plate as it moves northwestward.
They are being formed as the plate moves
over a hot spot in the mantle. Where is the
next volcano likely to form?
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
A. low biotic diversity & sparse vegetation
B. nutrient rich soil & a long growing season
C. stable population numbs & high biotic diversity
D. dense vegetation & large daily temperature
fluctuations
____30. When examining the red shift of
galaxies outside our own, every galaxy
appears to be moving away from the
observer. This bservation supports the Big
Bang Theory because it indicates that
A. our galaxy is not moving.
B. the universe is expanding.
C. most galaxies have the same mass.
D. Earth is at the center of the universe.
____31. Our solar system is thought to have
formed from a nebula of dust and gas. Most
of this nebula condensed to form the sun.
What is primarily responsible for causing
these materials to condense?
A. electrical attraction between charged dust
particles
B. gravitational pull of nebula materials on each
other
C. heat released by nuclear fusion at the center
of the nebula
D. chemical reactions between hydrogen and
other nebula gases
____33. Many people who raise chickens
and other small farm animals consider
coyotes to be pests. These people have
decreased the coyote population in many
parts of the United States. Which of these is
likely a result of the decrease in the number
of coyotes in the area?
A. The mouse population has increased.
B. The hawk population has decreased.
C. The grass population has increased.
D. The goat population has decreased.
Inclined Plane Experiment
In doing the following inclined plane
experiment in “ideal conditions,” students
assume that friction from the air, incline or
floor is negligible. A stationary box at the top
of a frictionless incline is released and is
allowed to slide to the bottom. The figure
below illustrates the box in four positions
labeled A through D as it is sliding from the
incline onto the level floor. As the box moves
from the bottom of the incline to the floor,
students assume that the box experiences no
change in speed, only a change in direction.
____34. At what time does the box have the
greatest kinetic energy?
A. 0.00 s
B. 0.85 s C. 1.17 s
D. 1.25 s
____35. The total energy of the box is
A. always the same.
B. negative at point D.
C. increasing with time.
D. zero before the box is released
____36. Where is the potential energy of the
box greatest?
A. The potential energy is constant
throughout the motion.
B. The potential energy is greatest
at the top of the incline.
C. The potential energy is greatest
midway along the incline.
D. The potential energy is greatest
at the bottom of the incline.
____37. The weight of the box used in the
experiment is 10 Newtons (N) as illustrated in
the figure. The weight of the box is a
measure of the
A. velocity of the box while sliding.
B. friction between the air and the box.
C. kinetic energy at the top of the incline.
D. force acting on the box due to gravity.
____38. Assume that the experiment will be
repeated in less “ideal” conditions where the
effects of friction on the motion of the box
cannot be ignored. Predict the effect that
significant friction would have on the
acceleration of the box as it slides down the
incline. Explain the cause of the predicted
effect. Respond in the space provided (2
points)
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____39. When a space shuttle is launched, it
continues to accelerate for several minutes.
Which graph shows the kinetic energy of the
space shuttle during the first few minutes of
flight? (Launch time = 0)
Biomes
The following graph shows the ranges of
temperature and precipitation for six
American biomes, two of which are identified
by name.
____40. Deserts are consistently the driest
biomes in North America. They
typically receive very little
precipitation but have a wide
variation in the mean annual
temperature. Which biome likely represents
the deserts?
A. W B. X C. Y D. Z
____43. Locate biome W and the temperate
forest on the graph. Based on the
information provided, describe one similarity
and one difference between the climates of
these two biomes. Respond in the space
provided (2 points)
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____44. Hydroelectric power is considered a
“clean” energy source because it A. is
available in most areas.
B. increases the amount of power available.
C. does not produce the pollutants that
burning fossil fuels do.
D. requires minimal investment in equipment.
_____45.
____41. Based on the graph, what is the
primary difference between biomes
W and X?
A. mean number of species
B. mean annual temperature
C. mean annual precipitation
D. mean number of days with sunshine
____42. Biome Z would likely be found in
which of these locations?
A. in a valley along the Pacific coast
B. along a rocky shore in New England
C. in the middle of the Midwestern plains
D. above the tree line in the Rocky Mountains
To which species does the insect belong?
A. Problematica alva
B. Problematica brancus
C. Problematica cantrellis
D. Problematica differensis