Matter Test Study Guide
Section 1: Particle Theory of Matter
1. What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass and takes of space (has volume).
2. Label the following parts of an atom: nucleus, proton, neutron, and electron.
3. Match the subatomic part to its charge:
__c___ proton
a. zero or no charge
__a___ neutron
b. negative
___b__ electron
c. positive
4. List the 7 statements that make up the Particle Theory of Matter.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
Particles of matter are constantly in motion.
As temperature increases, particles of matter move faster.
Particles of matter have spaces between them.
Atoms of the same element are essential identical.
Atoms of different elements are different.
Particles of matter attract each other.
Section 2: States of Matter
5. What are the four states of matter we learned about this year?
solid
liquid
gas
Plasma
6. What determines what state of matter we say a substance is in?
The attraction and energy of the particles.
7.
State of Matter
Solid
Volume (definite or Shape (definite or
indefinite)
indefinite)
How do the particles
move?
Definite (not
changing)
definite
They vibrate in
place. The particles
are strongly
attracted to each
other.
Liquid
definite
Indefinite (not
definite)
They slip and slide
past each other.
Particles are weakly
attracted to each
other.
Gas
Indefinite or not
definite (changes)
indefinite
Particles have a lot
of energy and move
freely and quickly
Plasma
indefinite
indefinite
Particles have a lot
of energy and move
freely and quickly.
The electrons have
been stripped from
the atoms.
8. How are the particles in plasma different than the particles in a gas? How are they the
same?
Plasmas are heated gases that have had their electrons stripped away. Gases and plasmas
are both very high energy states of matter. Neither have definite shapes or volume. But, the
particles in plasmas have taken in so much energy they actually have their electrons stripped
away.
9. List 3 examples of plasma.
Lightning, plasma balls, stars (our sun), neon signs
10. What is the most common state of matter in the universe? Plasma
11. Place the four states of matter (liquids, solids, gases & plasmas) in the diagram below,
according to their level of energy.
high
____plasma__________
______gas________
ENERGY
____ liquid______
_____solid_______
low
Section 2: Change of state – endothermic and exothermic changes
12. What does the term “change of state” mean?
The process of a substance moving or changing from one state of matter to another, like a
substance going from its liquid state to its gas state, or from its solid state to its liquid state.
13. What causes a change in state?
Adding or taking away heat. Particles get energy from heat, so it is adding or taking away thermal
energy.
14. List the 5 changes of state we learned about.
Vaporization
Sublimation
Melting
Freezing
Condensation
15. When energy is taken in by a substance and changes state, it is called a
__________endothermic______change.
16. Vaporization is the change of state from a liquid to a gas. This can occur in two ways.
What are the two ways?
Evaporation and boiling
17. Describe two ways that evaporation is different than boiling.
Boiling is vaporization that happens all throughout a liquid. A liquid has to reach its boiling point in
order to boil.
Evaporation only happens on the surface of a liquid. The top layer of particles takes in enough
energy to vaporize. This can happen at temperatures far below the boiling point. Slower process
than boiling.
18. Why is sublimation unusual?
Because most substances go from solid to liquid and THEN to gas. In sublimation, the particles of
a solid take in energy and go straight to a gas, without becoming liquids first.
19. Explain how solid air fresheners are examples of sublimation.
The substance in this air freshener is a solid. The particles gain energy from the air, become more active,
and become gases, which then float throughout the room to make the room
smell good.
20. When energy is lost by a substance and it changes state, it is
called a
___________________Exothermic___________ change.
21. Fill in the table below.
Solid to liquid
Name the Change of
State
melting
Endothermic or
Exothermic?
endothermic
Liquid to solid
freezing
exothermic
Liquid to gas
vaporization
endothermic
Gas to liquid
condensation
exothermic
Solid to gas
sublimation
endothermic
22. Match the following circumstances with the change of state they describe:
a. Melting
d. sublimation
b. vaporization - boiling
c. condensation
e. freezing
f. vaporization - evaporation
___d__ Dry ice makes “smoke” for your Halloween party.
___b__ You put water on the stove to cook pasta and it bubbles, turning to vapor.
___a__ You leave a Hershey’s bar in the car during the summer, and when you come
back it is all gooey.
___e__ A factory pours molten steel into a mold, and it hardens into a faucet, to be
installed in our classroom.
___c__ It is warm in the evening, but gets very cold overnight. In the morning, the
grass is wet, even though it hasn’t rained.
___f__ You leave 4 ml of tea in a mug on your nightstand, and when you go to put the
mug in the dishwasher, you only see a brown ring at the bottom of the mug.
23. What is a physical property? A physical property is a characteristic of a material
that can be observed or measured without destroying the material or changing it
into something else.
24. What is a chemical property? A chemical property tells us whether a substance
has the ability to change into a new substance with different properties.
25. What does combustion mean? Combustion is the ability of fuels to burn.
25. What does flammable mean? Flammability is how easily a substance catches on
fire.
26. What does reactivity mean? Reactivity is how easily a substance combines with
other substances to form new compounds.
27. State whether the examples below are physical or chemical properties.
____chemical_______ reacts with water
____physical_______ color
______physical_____ odor
______physical_____ state of matter
______chemical_____ flammability
_______chemical____ combustibility
______physical_____ texture
_____physical______ luster
______physical_____ mass
_____physical______ volume