Q1.The photographs show the same cells of a common pond plant.
Photograph A shows the cells in a hypotonic solution.
Photograph B shows the same cells in a hypertonic solution.
Photograph A
(a)
Photograph B
What is a hypertonic solution?
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(2)
(b)
What word is used to describe plant cells placed in:
(i)
a hypotonic solution
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 1
(ii)
a hypertonic solution?
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
Explain what has happened to the plant cells in Photograph B.
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(4)
(d)
Animal cells will also change when placed in different solutions.
Some red blood cells are put in a hypotonic solution.
Describe what would happen to these red blood cells and explain why this is different
from what happened to the plant cells in Photograph A.
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(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Page 2
Q2.(a)
The diagram shows the structure of a bacterial cell.
(i)
On the diagram use words from the box to label structures A, B and C.
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cytoplasm
plasmid
(3)
(ii)
Give one difference between the structure of the bacterial cell and an animal
cell.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
Name one structure that is found in a plant cell but is not found in a bacterial or
an animal cell.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
Cells can be specialised for a particular job.
The diagram shows the structure of a human sperm cell.
Page 3
Describe how the long tail and the mitochondria help the sperm to do its job.
Long tail..........................................................................................................
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Mitochondria...................................................................................................
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(4)
(Total 9 marks)
Q3.
Some students set up the equipment below to investigate osmosis.
(a)
What is osmosis?
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(3)
Page 4
(b)
(i)
What will happen to the water level in the capillary tube during the investigation
because of osmosis?
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(1)
(ii)
Use your knowledge of osmosis to explain why this happens.
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(2)
(Total 6 marks)
Q4.
Some substances move through membranes.
A student set up an investigation.
The student:
•
tied a thin membrane across the end of a funnel
•
put concentrated sugar solution in the funnel
•
put the funnel in a beaker of water
•
measured the level of the solution in the funnel every 30 minutes.
The diagram shows the apparatus.
Page 5
The graph shows the results.
(a)
After 3 hours, the level of the solution in the funnel is different from the level at the
start.
Explain why, as fully as you can.
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(3)
(b)
The student repeated the investigation using dilute sugar solution instead of
concentrated sugar solution.
In what way would you expect the results using dilute sugar solution to be different
from the results using concentrated sugar solution?
Give the reason for your answer.
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Page 6
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Q5.Diagrams A, B and C show cells from different parts of the human body, all drawn to the same
scale.
ABC
(a)
Which cell, A, B or C, appears to be best adapted to increase diffusion into or out of
the cell?
Give one reason for your choice.
........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
(i)
Cell C is found in the salivary glands.
Name the enzyme produced by the salivary glands.
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(1)
Page 7
(ii)
Use information from the diagram to explain how cell C is adapted for producing
this enzyme.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q6.Substances can move into and out of cells.
(a)
(i)
How does oxygen move into and out of cells?
Draw a ring around one answer.
diffusion
digestion
photosynthesis
(1)
(ii)
Diagram 1 shows the percentage concentration of oxygen in three cells, A, B
and C.
Diagram 1
Oxygen can move from cell to cell.
Into which cell, A, B or C, will oxygen move the fastest?
(1)
(b)
(i)
How does water move into and out of cells?
Page 8
Draw a ring around one answer.
breathing
osmosis
respiration
(1)
(ii)
Differences in the concentration of sugars in cells cause water to move into or
out of cells at different rates.
Diagram 2 shows three different cells, P, Q and R.
The information shows the percentage concentration of sugar solution
in cells P, Q and R.
Diagram 2
Water can move from cell to cell.
Into which cell, P, Q or R, will water move the fastest?
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q7.
The diagram shows a cell from a plant leaf.
Page 9
(a)
Name structures A and B.
A ..................................................................................................................................
B ..................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Structure C is a chloroplast. What is the function of a chloroplast?
.....................................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
The table gives one difference between a plant cell and an animal cell.
Complete the table to give two more differences.
Plant cell
Animal cell
1. Has chloroplasts
1. No chloroplasts
2.
2.
3.
3.
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 10
Q8.
The diagram shows a group of muscle cells from the wall of the intestine.
(a)
On the diagram, use words from the box to name the structures labelled A, B and C.
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
cytoplasm
nucleus
(3)
(b)
How are these muscle cells adapted to release a lot of energy?
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.....................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 11
Q9.
Diagram 1 shows a cell from a leaf.
Diagram 1
(a)
How is the leaf cell specialised to carry out photosynthesis?
Tick (
) one box.
It has a permanent vacuole.
It has many chloroplasts.
It has cytoplasm.
It has many mitochondria.
(1)
(b)
Diagram 2 shows another type of plant cell.
Diagram 2
Page 12
Give two ways in which this cell is different from an animal cell.
1 ..................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
2 ..................................................................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 3 marks)
Q10.
The drawing shows the cell of a bacterium.
(a)
List A gives the four structures labelled on the diagram.
List B includes information about each structure.
Draw one line from each structure in List A to the correct information about the
structure in List B.
List A
Structure
List B
Information
Page 13
(4)
(b)
Give two differences between an animal cell and the cell of a bacterium.
1 .....................................................................................................................
2 .....................................................................................................................
(2)
(c)
The diagrams show cells containing and surrounded by oxygen molecules.
Oxygen can move into cells or out of cells.
Page 14
Into which cell, A, B, C or D, will oxygen move the fastest?
Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in the box.
(1)
(d)
Complete the following sentence.
Oxygen is taken into the cell by the process of .............................................
(1)
(Total 8 marks)
Q11.
Diagrams A, B and C show cells from different parts of the human body, all drawn to
the same scale.
Page 15
(a)
Which cell, A, B or C, appears to have adaptations to increase diffusion into or out of
the cell?
Give one reason for your choice.
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........................................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
(i)
Cell C is found in the pancreas.
Name one useful substance produced by the pancreas.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Use information from the diagram to explain how cell C is adapted for producing
this substance.
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(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Page 16
Q12.The diagrams show an animal cell and a bacterial cell.
(a)
(i)
Structures A and B are found in both the animal cell and the bacterial cell.
Use words from the box to name structures A and B.
cell membrane
chloroplast
cytoplasm
vacuole
A ............................................................
B ............................................................
(2)
(ii)
Both cells contain genetic material.
Name the structure in the animal cell that contains genetic material.
............................................................
(1)
(b)
List A gives three structures found in animal cells.
List B gives four functions of cell structures.
Draw one line from each structure in List A to its correct function in List B.
Page 17
List A – Structure
List B – Function
Controls what substances
enter the cell
Cell membrane
Photosynthesis
Mitochondrion
Protein synthesis
Ribosome
Respiration
(3)
(Total 6 marks)
Q13.The diagram shows a cell.
(a)
(i)
Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B .
cell membrane
chloroplast
A .......................................................
B .......................................................
Page 18
cytoplasm
nucleus
(2)
(ii)
The cell in the diagram is an animal cell.
How can you tell it is an animal cell and not a plant cell?
Give two reasons.
1 ............................................................................................................
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2 ............................................................................................................
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(2)
(b)
Oxygen will diffuse into the cell in the diagram.
Why?
Use information from the diagram.
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(1)
(c)
The cell shown in the diagram is usually found with similar cells.
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
an organ.
Scientists call a group of similar cells
a system.
a tissue.
(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q14.The diagrams show four types of cell, A, B, C and D.
Two of the cells are plant cells and two are animal cells.
Page 19
(a)
(i)
Which two of the cells are plant cells?
Tick (
) one box.
A and B
A and D
C and D
(1)
(ii)
Give one reason for your answer.
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...............................................................................................................
(1)
(b)
(i)
Which cell, A, B, C or D, is adapted for swimming?
(1)
Page 20
(ii)
Which cell, A, B, C or D, can produce glucose by photosynthesis?
(1)
(c)
Cells A, B, C and D all use oxygen.
For what process do cells use oxygen?
Draw a ring around one answer.
osmosis
photosynthesis
respiration
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q15.
The diagram shows a cell from a plant leaf.
(a)
Name the part of this cell that:
(i)
controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell
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(1)
(ii)
is filled with cell sap.
...............................................................................................................
(1)
Page 21
(b)
Give the names of two parts of the leaf cell that would not be found in a human liver
cell.
.................................................. and ..................................................
(2)
(c)
The chloroplasts produce oxygen.
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
diffusion.
The oxygen produced by the chloroplasts passes out of the cell by
digestion.
respiration.
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q16.
In a living organism, the cells are organised into organs, systems and tissues.
(a)
Use words from the box to complete the list of these structures in order of size.
organs
systems
tissues
The smallest structure is at the top of the list and the largest is at the bottom.
1 cells
2 ..................................
3 ..................................
4 ..................................
5 organism
(1)
Page 22
(b)
List A gives three tissues found in the human body.
List B gives four functions of tissues.
Draw a straight line from each tissue in List A to its correct function in List B.
List A – Tissue
List B – Function
Covers many parts of the body
Muscular tissue
Contracts to cause movement
Glandular tissue
Divides by meiosis
Epithelial tissue
Releases hormones or enzymes
(3)
(Total 4 marks)
Q17.
The diagram shows a plant cell from a leaf.
(a)
List A gives the names of three parts of the cell.List B gives the functions of parts of
the cell.
Draw a line from each part of the cell in List A to its function in List B.
Page 23
List A
Parts of the cell
List B
Functions
Where most of the chemical
reactions take place
Nucleus
Absorbs light energy to make food
Cytoplasm
Strengthens the cell
Chloroplast
Controls the activities of the cell
(3)
(b)
Respiration takes place in the cell.
Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.
energy
All cells use respiration to release
oxygen.
sugar.
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q18.
The diagrams show four types of cell, A, B, C and D.
Two of the cells are plant cells and two are animal cells.
Page 24
(a)
(i)
Which two of the cells are plant cells?
Tick (
) one box.
A and B
A and D
C and D
(1)
(ii)
Which part is found only in plant cells?
Draw a ring around one answer.
cell membrane
cell wall
nucleus
(1)
Page 25
(b) (i) Which cell, A, B, C or D, is adapted for swimming?
(1)
(ii)
Which cell, A, B, C or D, can produce glucose by photosynthesis?
(1)
(c)
Cells A, B, C and D all use oxygen.
For what process do cells use oxygen?
Draw a ring around one answer.
osmosis
photosynthesis
respiration
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Page 26
M1.(a)
more concentrated
must be a comparison
1
than the cell / cytoplasm
accept more salty / solutes / ions
accept cell is less concentrated than solution for 2 marks
1
(b)
(i)
turgid
1
(ii)
plasmolysed
accept flaccid
1
(c)
any four from:
•
•
•
•
•
water left the cells (in A)
by osmosis
from dilute to more concentrated solution
accept high to low water potential or from high to low water
concentration
via partially permeable membrane
so cell membrane shrank away from cell wall
4
(d)
water enters the cells (by osmosis)
allow 1 mark for:
1
they burst / lyse / lysis occurs
water leaves and cell shrinks (if they think it is hypertonic
solution)
1
animal cells have no cell wall or plant cells have a cell wall
1
cell wall prevents lysis / bursting / allows turgidity
allow correct description
1
[12]
Page 27
M2.(a)
A − (cell) wall
(i)
1
B − cytoplasm
1
C − plasmid
1
(ii)
bacterium cell has cell wall / no nucleus / no mitochondria / plasmids
present
accept its DNA / genetic material is not enclosed / it has no
nuclear membrane
it = bacterium cell
accept converse for animal cell
ignore flagella
1
(iii)
any one from:
•
•
chloroplast
ignore chlorophyll
(permanent) vacuole
1
(b)
(Long tail) moves the sperm / allows the sperm to swim
1
towards the egg
allow correct reference to other named parts of the female
reproductive system
1
(Mitochondria) release energy (for movement / swimming)
allow supply / produce / provide
1
in respiration
1
[9]
M3.
(a)
movement of water [1]
Page 28
from high concentration (of water) to low concentration (of water)
or
from (an area of) dilute solution to an area of concentrated solution [1]
through a differentially or partially or selectively or semi permeable
membrane [1]
3
(b)
(i)
it will rise
1
(ii)
water enters visking tubing [1]
because the concentration of water outside is greater than the
concentration inside
or
because the concentration of salt or solute is greater inside the tubing than
outside [1]
or
to equalise concentration water has to enter visking tubing [2]
2
[6]
M4.
(a)
water enters (funnel / sugar solution) or water diffuses in (to the funnel)
do not accept if diffusion of sugar
1
membrane partially / selectively / semi permeable or by osmosis
allow description
1
because concentration (of sugar) greater
inside funnel than outside / water / in beaker
assume ‘concentration’ refers to sugar unless candidate
indicates otherwise
the position of the solutions may be implied
1
Page 29
(b)
(level / it) rises more slowly or levels out earlier or does not rise as much
accept inference of less steep gradient (of graph)
allow less / slower osmosis / diffusion / less water passes
through or less water enters funnel
allow water enters / passes through slower
1
less difference in concentration (between solution / funnel and water / beaker)
accept due to lower diffusion / concentration gradient /
described
1
[5]
M5.(a)
B
no mark for “B” alone, the mark is for B and the explanation.
large(r) surface / area or large(r) membrane
accept reference to microvilli
ignore villi / hairs / cilia
accept reasonable descriptions of the surface eg folded
membrane / surface
do not accept wall / cell wall
1
(b)
(i)
any one from:
•
(salivary) amylase
•
carbohydrase
1
(ii)
many ribosomes
do not mix routes. If both routes given award marks for the
greater.
1
ribosomes produce protein
accept amylase / enzyme / carbohydrase is made of protein
Page 30
or
(allow)
many mitochondria
(1)
mitochondria provide energy to build / make protein
accept ATP instead of energy
(1)
1
[4]
M6.(a)
(i)
diffusion
apply list principle
1
(ii)
A
apply list principle
1
(b)
(i)
osmosis
apply list principle
1
(ii)
R
apply list principle
1
[4]
M7.
(a)
A = nucleus
accept phonetic spelling only
1
B = (cell) membrane
accept plasma membrane
1
(b)
any one from:
Page 31
photosynthesis
makes sugar / starch / carbohydrate / organic material
accept ‘makes food’
do not accept makes chlorophyll
ignore stores starch / food / light / chlorophyll
traps or absorbs light
1
(c)
any two from:
Plant cell
Animal cell
no vacuole or small/temporary
vacuole or no cell sap
no wall/cellulose or only
membrane
doesn't store/have starch or
stores glycogen
• (has) vacuole or has cell sap
• (has) wall/cellulose
• (stores) starch or doesn't store glycogen
ignore reference to shape
must be clear indication in all four boxes
ignore reference to chlorophyll
2
[5]
M8.
(a)
A
nucleus
1
B
(cell) membrane
1
C
cytoplasm
1
(b)
any two from:
•
(contain mitochondria
•
many (mitochondria)
•
respiration (occurs in mitochondria)
2
[5]
Page 32
M9.
(a)
it has many chloroplasts.
1
(b)
(has) cell wall
1
(has) vacuole or large / permanent vacuole
do not allow chloroplasts
assume plant cell throughout
accept converse for animal cell
1
[3]
M10.
(a)
Page 33
all four correct = 4 marks
three correct = 3 marks
two correct = 2 marks
one correct = 1 mark
extra line from a statement cancels the mark
4
(b)
any two from:
•
nucleus
•
no cell wall
•
separate chromosomes
2
(c)
A
1
Page 34
(d)
diffusion
1
[8]
M11.
(a)
B
no mark for ÉBÉ, alone
large(r) surface / area or large(r) membrane
accept reference to microvilli
accept reasonable descriptions of the surface
do not accept wall / cell wall
ignore villi / hairs / cilia
1
(b)
(i)
any one from:
•
insulin / hormone
if named hormone / enzyme must be correct for pancreas
•
enzyme / named enzyme
1
(ii)
many ribosomes
1
(ribosomes) produce protein
accept insulin / hormone / enzyme named is (made of) protein
or
allow many mitochondria (1)
provide energy to build protein or to make protein (1)
accept ATP for energy
1
[4]
Page 35
M12.(a)
(i)
A = cytoplasm
1
B = (cell) membrane
1
(ii)
nucleus
accept chromosome / DNA / genes
accept phonetic
1
(b)
3
[6]
M13.(a)
(i)
A = nucleus
1
B = (cell) membrane
1
(ii)
any two from:
Page 36
ignore shape
•
no (cell) wall
•
no (large / permanent) vacuole
•
no chloroplasts / chlorophyll
2
(b)
because high to low oxygen / concentration or down gradient
allow ‘more / a lot of oxygen molecules outside’
ignore along / across gradient
1
(c)
a tissue
1
[6]
M14.(a)
(i)
C and D
no mark if more than one box is ticked
1
(ii)
any one from:
do not allow if other cell parts are given in a list
•
(have) cell wall(s)
•
(have) vacuole(s)
1
(b)
(i)
A
apply list principle
1
(ii)
D
apply list principle
1
Page 37
(c)
respiration
apply list principle
1
[5]
M15.
(a)
(i)
(cell) membrane
1
(ii)
vacuole
1
(b)
any two from:
•
(cell) wall
•
chloroplast(s)
ignore chlorophyll
•
vacuole
ignore cell sap
2
(c)
diffusion
1
[5]
M16.
(a)
in sequence:
2 = tissue(s)
3 = organ(s)
4 = system(s)
1
(b)
Page 38
1 mark for each correct line
extra line(s) from one tissue cancel
3
[4]
M17.
(a)
1 mark for each correct line
mark each line from left hand box
two lines from left hand box cancels mark for that box
3
Page 39
(b)
energy
1
[4]
M18.
(a)
(i)
C and D
1
(ii)
cell wall
1
(b)
(i)
A
1
(ii)
D
1
(c)
respiration
1
[5]
Page 40