PH707 - Homework #2
Hiya Mahmassani
10/05/2015
Research question: What are the effects of a vegetarian diet on cardiovascular disease risk in older adults?
Terms for
Populations/Clinical Settings
Older adults
Elderly
Aging
Terms for
Interventions/Exposures
Terms for
Comparators/Controls
Terms for Outcomes
Vegetarian diet
Vegetarianism
Vegan diet
Lacto-vegetarian
Ovo-vegetarian
Ovo-lactovegetarian
Lacto-ovovegetarian
Non-vegetarians
Omnivores
Cardiovascular diseases
Heart diseases
Cardiovascular health
Preliminary search strategy:
Database: PubMed
Search string:
(((((((((((((((vegetarian diet[MeSH Terms]) OR "vegetarian") OR "vegetarian diet") OR "vegan") OR "vegan diet") OR
"vegetarianism") OR "lacto vegetarian") OR "lacto-vegetarian") OR "ovo vegetarian") OR "ovo-vegetarian") OR "lacto-ovo
vegetarian") OR "lacto-ovovegetarian") OR "macrobiotic diet")) AND ((((cardiovascular disease[MeSH Terms]) OR "cardiovascular
disease") OR "heart disease") OR "cardiovascular health")) AND (((((elderly[MeSH Terms]) OR "elderly") OR "older adults") OR
"aging"))
 provided 149 results
After applying the filters Species: Humans and Language: English
 provided 137 results
1
Eligibility criteria:
Inclusion criteria
Main outcome is cardiovascular disease or risk factors of cardiovascular disease/health
Main exposure/ intervention is a vegetarian diet
Participants should be >=65 years old
Study design is analytical (experimental: RCT ; observational: cohort, cross-sectional, case-control)
Exclusion criteria
Main outcome is mortality
Studies where the exposure/ intervention is not a vegetarian diet
Studies with participants less than 65 years old
Descriptive studies, case reports, reviews, editorials, lectures..
Table Eligibility Criteria and Abstract Screening:
Eligibility Criteria
Population
>=65 years old
Intervention
or Exposure
Comparator
Vegetarian diet
Outcome
Cardiovascular health/disease
Study Design
All analytic studies (experimental or
Non-vegetarian diets (omnivores)
observational)
Citation
Eligible?
Nongnuch A, Davenport A. The effect of vegetarian diet on skin autofluorescence
measurements in haemodialysis patients. Br J Nutr. 2015 Apr 14; 113(7):1040-3. doi:
10.1017/S0007114515000379.
No
If not eligible, what is the major
reason for rejection?
The main outcome is not
cardiovascular disease
2
McDougall J, Thomas LE, McDougall C, Moloney G, Saul B, Finnell JS, Richardson K,
Petersen KM. Effects of 7 days on an ad libitum low-fat vegan diet: the McDougall
Program cohort. Nutr J. 2014 Oct 14; 13:99. doi:10.1186/1475-2891-13-99.
Unsure
The age of the participants is not
provided in the abstract
Waleed M, Raza A, Minhaj T, Houghton T. Left main stem/LCA arising from right
coronary sinus with an interarterial course. BMJ Case Rep. 2014 Jul 11;2014.
pii:bcr2014203780. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2014-203780.
No
The study is a case report
Sanders TA. Plant compared with marine n-3 fatty acid effects on cardiovascular risk
factors and outcomes: what is the verdict? Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100 Suppl 1:453S-8S.
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071555.
No
The study is a review
Orlich MJ, Fraser GE. Vegetarian diets in the Adventist Health Study 2: a review of initial
published findings. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100 Suppl1:353S-8S. doi:
10.3945/ajcn.113.071233.
No
The study is a review
Martínez-González MA, Sánchez-Tainta A, Corella D, Salas-Salvadó J, Ros E, Arós F,
Gómez-Gracia E, Fiol M, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Schröder H, Lapetra J, Serra-Majem L,
Pinto X, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Estruch R; PREDIMED Group. A provegetarian food pattern
and reduction in total mortality in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED)
study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100 Suppl1:320S-8S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071431.
No
The main outcome is all-cause
mortality
Huang YW, Jian ZH, Chang HC, Nfor ON, Ko PC, Lung CC, Lin LY, Ho CC, ChiangYC,
Liaw YP. Vegan diet and blood lipid profiles: a cross-sectional study of pre and
postmenopausal women. BMC Womens Health. 2014 Apr 8;14:55. doi:10.1186/1472-687414-55.
Yes
Fraser G, Katuli S, Anousheh R, Knutsen S, Herring P, Fan J. Vegetarian diets and
cardiovascular risk factors in black members of the Adventist Health Study-2. Public
Health Nutr. 2015 Feb;18(3):537-45. doi: 10.1017/S1368980014000263.
Unsure
The age of the participants is not
provided in the abstract
3
Gadgil MD, Anderson CA, Kandula NR, Kanaya AM. Dietary patterns in Asian Indians in
the United States: an analysis of the metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis in South
Asians Living in America study. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014 Feb;114(2):238-43. doi:
10.1016/j.jand.2013.09.021.
Yes
Rizza W, Veronese N, Fontana L. What are the roles of calorie restriction and diet quality
in promoting healthy longevity? Ageing Res Rev. 2014 Jan;13:38 45. doi:
10.1016/j.arr.2013.11.002.
No
The exposure is calorie restriction
not vegetarian diet and the study is a
review
4