Earth Science
The Properties and States of Matter
Tuesday, December 2nd, 2014, EQ#7 Block#2
EQ: What are the four main properties of matter?
Mass, weight, volume, and density
AA: When you find an unfamiliar item, you will naturally try to learn something about it. What sort
of mini experiments would you try?
Does it float or sink? Will it burn? Will it break? What does it feel like?
Vocabulary
Matter: an object that has mass and it takes up space
Inertia: an objects resistance to a change in motion
Mass: the measure of inertia
Weight: the force of gravity acting on an object
Volume: the amount of space that an object takes up
Density: the amount of matter in a volume
Fluid: any liquid or gas
Electronic Scale: a device that measures weight
Mass Balance: a device that measures mass
Graduated Cylinder: a cylinder with markings on it that measure volume
Trundle Wheel: a device used to measure distance
Basic states of matter:
Mass, weight, volume, and density
Wednesday, December 3rd, 2014, EQ#7 Block#3
EQ: How do you measure mass with a triple beam balance?
Triple Beam Balance (measures mass)
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Slide the masses to the left
Make sure the balance is zeroed out (turn screw)
Put your object on the balance
Move the large mass to the last spot that doesn’t tip the balance
Repeat with the middle mass
Slide the small mass to the spot that balances the system
Add the three masses together
AA: What sort of tools would you use when preparing your baggage for an airplane flight?
Scale, Tape Measure, and Computer
An Electronic Scale (measures weight)
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Turn on the scale
Select the unit that you want
Press the tare button to zero out the scale
Put an object on the scale
Read value on scale
Turn it off
(Electronic scales can calculate and report mass)
The Mass Balance
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Set up a see-saw system
Hang an unknown mass on one side
Hang known masses on the other side until the system is balanced
Add the known masses together for the mass of the unknown mass
Bring in an object to find the mass for…fits in a Dixie cup…
Triple Beam Balance (measures mass)
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Slide the masses to the left
Make sure the balance is zeroed out (turn screw)
Put your object on the balance
Move the large mass to the last spot that doesn’t tip the balance
12. Repeat with the middle mass
13. Slide the small mass to the spot that balances the system
14. Add the three masses together
Monday, December 8th, 2014, EQ#7 Block#4
EQ: How do you measure the volume of a complex shaped object? (like an action figure)
Overflow Can Method:
1. Fill the can with water up to the spout
2. Put the object under the water
3. Collect the water from the spout with a graduated cylinder
Volume Difference Method:
1. Put some water in a graduated cylinder and measure the volume
2. Put the object under the water and measure the new volume
3. Subtract the old volume from the new volume for the volume of the object
AA: What are some common units of volume used in the USA? (State the unit and indicate of what it
is. Example: pounds of beef.)
Gallons of mink or water
Pints of blood
Liters of Mountain Dew
Milliliters of medicine
Cups of sugar
Teaspoons of vanilla
Ounces of juice
Measuring Volume:
[ml] milliliters for liquids
[cm3] centimeters cubed for solids
1 [ml]= 1 [cm3]
For rectangular boxes V=L x W x H
H
W
L
For Cylinders V= 𝜋𝑟 2 h
H
R
For Spheres V=4/3 π r3
R=d/2
For Complex Shapes:
Overflow Can Method:
4. Fill the can with water up to the spout
5. Put the object under the water
6. Collect the water from the spout with a graduated cylinder
Volume Difference Method:
4. Put some water in a graduated cylinder and measure the volume
5. Put the object under the water and measure the new volume
6. Subtract the old volume from the new volume for the volume of the object
V1=25 ml
V2=40 ml
V2-V1=40-25
15 ml
Friday, December 12th, 2014, EQ#8 Block#1
EQ: How can you figure out density of an unopened box of cereal?
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Measure the mass of an object
Measure the volume of an object
D=m/v
[g/cm3] solids or [g/ml] liquids and gases
AA: What does each property of matter actually measure?
Mass: measure of inertia
Weight: force of gravity
Volume: amount of space something takes up
Density: amout of mass in a volume
Measuring Density:
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Measure the mass of an object
Measure the volume of an object
D=m/v
[g/cm3] solids or [g/ml] liquids and gases
The Rules of Density:
The density of water is equal to 1 g/ml
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If the density of an object is greater than the density of water, than the object sinks
If the density of an object is equal to the density of water, than the object will suspend
If the density of an object is less than the density of water, the object will rise
(Applies to all fluids)
Box has L=6 cm H=2 cm W=1 cm Mass=24 g
V=LxWxH
V=12 cm3
D=m/v
D=24/12
D=2 g/cm3