38. ______ : is short in Gist translation.
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King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages Into. Translation ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 Chose the correct Answer : 1. __________ : is a rephrasing process which we will rephrase the meaning from the Source Language and express it to the Target Language . Text. Translation . Source text . 2. __________ : refers to all steps the translator need to take until he reaches the point of reproducing the target text. Text. Translation process . Translation product . 3. __________: is full reproduction of the target text. Translation product . Text. Translation process . 4. __________: the transfer the meaning from one language into another in the form of written text . Translation product . Translation. Interpreting . 5. __________ : the transfer the meaning from one language into another in the form of an oral text . Translation. Translation product . Interpreting . 6. __________: any given stretch of speech or writing assumed to make a coherent whole. And can be oral or written. Text. Translation . Interpreting . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 1 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 7. __________: a group of words or probably one word whether spoken or written which are assumed to be understand able . Source text . Text . Target text . 8. __________ : is the text requiring translation . Text. Source text . Interpreting . 9. __________ : the text needs or demand translation. Target Text. Interpreting. Source language . 10. __________ : the text that you reproduced. Target Text. Interpreting. Text . 11. __________ : your own translation . Translation product . Target Text. Translation process . 12. __________ : the text which is a translation of the S T. Text. Interpreting. Target Text . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 2 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 13. __________ : is the language of ST . Target Text. Translation. Text . 14. __________ : is the language from which translation is done. Target Text. Text. Interpreting. 15. __________ : the language in which the ST is spoken or written . Target language . Source language . Source text . 16. __________ : the language into which the ST is to be translated. Target Text. Source language . Target language. 17. __________ : the into which the ST has to be rendered or translated. Target language. Source language . Target Text. 18. __________ : the language of the TT. Interpreting . Target language . Text. For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 3 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 19. __________ : the translator does not go to all these details just need to read only the text once in order to proper. Translation Strategy . Target language . Strategic decisions. 20. __________ : very initial step to all the translator is very general kind of translation. Target language . Strategic decisions. Translation Strategy . 21. __________ : is the first sit of reasoned decision taken by the translator after a number of reading. Target language . Strategic decisions. Translation Strategy . 22. __________ : we mean that our decisions not only reasoned but they are very specific. Decision of details. Strategic decisions. Inter-Semiotic translation . 23. __________ : the translation between two semiotic system. Decision of details. Inter-Semiotic translation . Strategic decisions. 24. __________ : the translation that dealing with system of sign . Inter-Semiotic translation . Decision of details. Strategic decisions. For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 4 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 25. __________ : translation without speaking only with signing Important for deaf . Decision of details. Inter-Semiotic translation . Strategic decisions. 26. __________ : Particular sign and information exist it means same thing for addressee. Decision of details. Inter-Semiotic translation . Strategic decisions. 27. __________ : Translation within the same language . Interlinear translation. Intralingual translation . Exegetic translation. 28. __________ : the summary of what has been said . Intralingual translation . Gist translation. Exegetic translation. 29. __________ : translate the main idea . Exegetic translation. Intralingual translation . Gist translation. 30. __________ : summary of the massage content . Exegetic translation. Intralingual translation . Gist translation. For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 5 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 31. __________ : are different strategies that may be adopted when translate depending on the nature of the text or the purpose of translation or the audience requirement . Semantic repetition and Intralingual . Intralingual and Inter lingual . Gist and Exegetic . 32. __________ : explain and elaborate on the ST. Intralingual translation . Gist translation. Exegetic translation. 33. __________ : the translation proper. Inter lingual translation . Gist translation. Exegetic translation. 34. __________ : Translation between two language. Gist translation. Exegetic translation. Inter lingual translation . 35. English language deal with ; gist translation > to avoid __________ . Exegetic translation. Semantic repetition. Inter lingual translation . 36. __________ : is longer than Gist translation . Exegetic translation. Source text . Target text . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 6 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 37. __________ : is longer in Exegetic but short in Gist . Target text . Exegetic translation Source text . 38. __________ : is short in Gist translation. Exegetic translation Source text . Target text . 39. __________ : there is no respect for T L grammar rather the TT has grammatical unit corresponding as closely as possible to ST grammatical unit. Inter lingual translation . Inter linear translation . Exegetic translation. 40. __________ : is the only employed when the purpose is to consider ST structure . Inter lingual translation . Exegetic translation. Inter linear translation . 41. __________ : the denotative meaning is taken as if straight from the dictionary but TL grammar is respected. Literal translation . Exegetic translation. Inter linear translation . 42. As the grammar is respected __________ is always involves grammatical transposition or grammatical transplantation. Exegetic translation. Inter linear translation . Literal translation . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 7 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 43. If the intended meaning is __________ it is correct translation. Exegetic translation. Connotative meaning. The literal or denotative meaning. 44. If the intended meaning is __________ it is incorrect translation . Connotative meaning. Inter linear translation . The literal or denotative meaning. 45. __________ : can be regarded as the practical extreme of SL bias And it considered to be the most practical SL bias. Literal translation . Exegetic translation. Inter linear translation . 46 . __________ : it is the opposite extreme where there is a maximum TL bias . Exegetic translation. Semantic repetition. Free translation . 47. In free translation what we do is to__________ the meaning in the TL . Connotative meaning. Paraphrasing Denotative meaning. 48 . In __________ : the grammar is completely different . Semantic repetition. Free translation . Exegetic translation. For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 8 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 49. __________ : when we want to translate expression by expression , proverb by proverb , idiom by idiom . Communicative translation. Inter linear translation . Literal translation . 50. __________ : is based on paraphrasing. Free translation. Semantic repetition. Exegetic translation. 51. __________ : is more idiomatic and its concerned with translating idiomatic expression and proverb. Inter linear translation . Communicative translation Literal translation . 52. __________ : is the one respect the ST massage content but prioritizing TL naturalness over faithfulness to ST detail. Idiomatic or idimizing translation . Communicative translation. Literal translation . 53. __________ : the method prefers to TL naturalness over ST detail. Communicative translation. Idiomatic or idimizing translation . Literal translation . 54. __________ : denote the relationship between ST feature and TT feature that are seen as directly corresponding to one another regardless of the quality of the TT. Prescriptive. Descriptive. Literal translation . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 9 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 55. __________ : denote the relationship between an SL expression and the canonic TL rendering of it as required. Prescriptive. Descriptive. Literal translation . 56. __________ : is based on the principle of equivalence effect . Communicative. Intralingual. Dynamic . 57. __________ : can be said an example of dynamic equivalence . A communicative translation . Idimizing translation . Dynamic equivalence . 58. __________ : is the incomplete replication of the ST in the TT . A communicative translation . Translation loss . Dynamic equivalence . 59. __________ : the ST in incompletely rendered into the TL . A communicative translation . Translation loss . Dynamic equivalence . 60. __________ : is the one who tries to make translation loss is the most insignificant element in translation .And the element will not effect the meaning. A communicative translation . Translation loss . The skilful translator . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 10 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 61. __________ : is the obvious form of translation loss is when same thing which occurs in ST is simply omitted in TT. A communicative translation . Translation loss . Translation by omission . 62. __________ : if the translator result to this strategy in order to avoid over description . and this information is not important and will not effect the structure of TT . Negative . Positive . Opposite . 63. __________ : if the translator has committed because he did not find equivalence in the TT can stand of the equivalence in ST. Negative . Positive . Opposite . 64. __________ : opposite of translation by omission , It can be translation strategy . Translation by addition. Translation loss . Translation by omission. 65. __________ : is added to the TT does not exist in the ST . Translation loss . Translation by addition. Translation by omission. 66. __________ : when the TL which control the TT require extra explanation or extra element in order to sound right to target reader. Cultural factors . Linguistic addition. Translation by omission. For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 11 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 67. __________ : are take long time and hug energy to be existent in order to achievement . Cultural factors . The comprehensibility . Translation by omission. 68. When there is a __________ that cause a translation by omission . Loss of cultural . Loss of economic . Loss of semantic. 69. Translation by omission use in __________ . Both translation . Communicative translation . Literature translation . 70. __________ : is trying to make TT read natural to target reader by imposing element specific to the culture of TL instead of the element specific to the culture of SL . Cultural factors . Naturalizing . Translation by omission. 71. __________ : the extreme options in signaling cultural foreigness in a TT . Cultural factors . Naturalizing . Exoticism . 72. __________ : is a partial exoticism And is an expression that consists of TL words and respect TL syntax. Calque . Naturalizing . Exoticism . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 12 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 73. __________ : is not considered a translation actually rather it is considered an adaptation. Cultural factors. Naturalizing . Cuttulat transplantation . 74. __________ : is a technique of reducing translation lose . Cultural factors. Compensation . Cuttulat transplantation . 75. __________ : Translation respects the grammar and structure of S L . Literal translation . Free translation . Interlinear translation . 76. Each translation will involve __________ : Gist translation. Translation by omission . Translation loss. 77. In communicative translation we have to use __________ . Descriptive equivalence . Prescriptive equivalence . Formal . 78. Translation by is take place when TT is longer than ST : Translation by omission . Translation by addition . Literal translation . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 13 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 79. The translator has to translation loss . Get off . Overcome . Reduce . 80. Source Text use an__________ expression stand for that situation. SL . TL . ST . 80. Target Text use an__________ expression stand for that situation. SL . TL . ST . 18. Target Text use an__________ expression stand for that situation. SL . TL . ST . 82. __________ a style of translation in which the TT provides a literal rendering for each successive meaningful unit of the ST (including affixes) and arranges these units in the order of their occurrence in the ST, regardless of the conventional grammatical order of units in the TL. Interlinear translation. Communicative translation. Free translation. 83. __________ an SL-oriented, word-for-word, style of translation in which the denotative meaning of all words in the ST is taken as if straight from the dictionary, but the conventions of TL grammar are respected. Interlinear translation. Literal translation. Free translation. For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 14 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 84. __________ : a style of translation in which the TT expresses and comments on additional details that are not explicitly conveyed in the ST. Exegetic translation. Intralingual translation . Gist translation. 85. __________ : a style of translation in which the TT expresses only the gist of the ST. Exegetic translation. Intralingual translation . Gist translation. 86. __________ : the re-expression of a message conveyed in a particular form of words in a given language by means of another form of words in the same language. Exegetic translation. Intralingual translation . Gist translation. 87. __________ a mode of free translation whereby ST expressions are replaced with their contextually situationally appropriate cultural equivalents in the TL. Exegetic translation. Communicative translation. Free translation. 88. __________ a style of translation in which there is only a global correspondence between units of the ST and units of the TT . Exegetic translation. Communicative translation. Free translation. 89. __________ taking over an SL expression verbatim from the ST into the TT . Cultural transplantation . Cultural transposition . Cultural borrowing . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 15 of 25 King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages Into. Translation ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 90. __________ involving the wholesale deletion of source-culture details mentioned in the ST and their replacement with target-culture details in the TT. Cultural transplantation . Cultural transposition . Cultural borrowing . 91. __________ any departure from literal translation that involves replacing SL-specific features with TL-specific features, thereby to some extent reducing the foreignness of the TT. Cultural transplantation . Cultural transposition . Cultural borrowing . 92. __________ any departure from literal translation that involves replacing SL-specific features with TL-specific features, thereby to some extent reducing the foreignness of the TT. Cultural transplantation . Cultural transposition . Cultural borrowing . 93. __________ the lowest degree of cultural transposition, importing linguistic and cultural features wholesale from the ST into the TT with minimal adaptation; exoticism generally involves multiple calques. NB Exoticism is different from cultural borrowing, which does not adapt ST material into the TL, but quotes it verbatim. Cultural transplantation . Exoticism . Cultural borrowing . 94. __________ the use of TL spelling conventions for the written representation of SL expressions. Transliteration. Exoticism . Free translation. For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 16 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 95. __________ that involves dividing up a feature carried in a relatively shorter stretch of the ST and spreading it over a relatively longer stretch of the TT; an ad hoc choice, not a grammatical constraint. Compensation kind . Compensation place . Compensation splitting . 96. __________ that involves using a different kind of textual effect in the TT from the one used in the cor responding part of the ST . Compensation kind . Compensation splitting. Compensation place. 97. __________ which involves a TT textual effect occurring at a different place, relative to the other features in the IT context, from the corresponding textual effect in the ST context; an ad hoc choice, not a grammatical constraint . Compensation splitting. Compensation place . Compensation kind. 98. __________ the conventional range of referential meaning attributed to a linguistic expression . Denotative meaning . Exegetic translation. Connotative meaning. 99. __________ rendering an ST expression by a TL hyperonym . Literal translation . Generalizing translation . Interlinear translation . 100. __________ a linguistic expression whose denotative meaning includes, but is wider and less specific than, the range of denotative meaning of another expression. Literal translation . Generalizing translation . Hyperonymy or superordinate . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 17 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 101. __________ the semantic relationship between a hyperonym and a hyponym; a lesser degree of semantic equivalence than synonymy . Hyperonym . Hyponym . Hyperonymy or superordinate . 102. __________ a linguistic expression whose denotative meaning is included in, but is narrower and more specific than, the range of denotative meaning of another expression. Hyperonym . Hyponym . Hyperonymy or superordinate . 103. __________ a fixed expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from the denotative meanings of the words that constitute it . Parallelism . Hyponym . Idiom . 104. __________ expression is one that is unremarkable, 'natural' , 'normal ' completely acceptable in a given language. Parallelism . Idiomatic . Partially overlapping . 105. __________ a relatively free translation which respects the ST message content, but typically uses TL idioms or phonic and rhythmic patterns to give an easy read, even if this means sacrificing some semantic details or nuances of tone. Parallelism . Idiomatizing translation . Partially overlapping . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 18 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 106 . __________ translating from one semiotic system . Parallelism . Idiomatizing translation . Inter- semiotic translation . 107. __________ the use in close proximity of two or more words or phrases which bear a semantic relationship to one another, such as synonymy ,hyperonymy-hyponymy, or membership of the same semantic field . Parallelism . Idiomatizing translation . Inter- semiotic translation . 108. __________ rendering an ST expression by a TL expression whose range of denotative meanings overlaps only partially with that of the ST expression. Parallelism . Idiomatizing translation . Particularizing translation . 109. __________ relaying both elements of an ST phrase involving synonyms or near-synonyms by different words in the TL . Semantic field . Semantic distancing . Semantic repetition . 110. __________ an area of meaning which is recognized as being fairly discrete . Semantic field . Semantic distancing . Semantic repetition . 111. __________ the repetition of synonyms or near-synonyms in close proximity. Semantic repetition is used in Arabic for emphasis and other purposes. Semantic field . Semantic distancing . Semantic repetition . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 19 of 25 King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages Into. Translation ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 112. __________ the repetition of synonyms or near-synonyms in close proximity. Semantic repetition is used in Arabic for emphasis and other purposes. Semantic field . Semantic distancing . Semantic repetition . 113. __________ : the language in which the ST is expressed . Target language . Source language . Source text . 114. __________ : a linguistic expression that has exactly the same range of denotative meaning as one of more other linguistic expressions. Synonymy . Source language . Synonym . 115. __________ : a linguistic expression that has exactly the same range of denotative meaning as one of more other linguistic expressions. Target language . Source language . Synonym . 116. __________ : the semantic relationship between synonyms; synonymy is the highest degree of semantic equivalence . Synonymy . Source language . Target text . 117. __________ : all the demonstrable features contained in a text, and which could (in another text) have been different . Text . Textual variables . Target text . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 20 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 True / Falls Questions : 1. If you have a piece of writing pore if you are delivering a talk both of those coherent we can consider them as texts. [ ] 2. We have gone deeper and deeper to get more and more details and tiny details . [ ] 3. go more deeper and deeper that go into lexis problems and grammar and cultural problems . [ ] 4. Translating everything in detail . [ ] 5. The translation in which the translator explain and elaborate on the massage . [ ] 6. When there is no one-to-one correspondence or equivalence between ST and TT words . [ ] 7. When we deal with idiomazing we are dealing with a particular construction who is denotative meaning is not intended rather is implicate its connotative meaning is what should be look for . [ ] 8. As translation gist more free it becomes more informal . [ ] 9. Can be a confusing concept ever for translator . [ ] 10. So academic distinguish between linguistic, cultural, lexical equivalence . [ ] 11. Each word responsible for one word and everything has to kept as it is no change. [ ] 12. ST feature should be met and balanced by TT feature same word class regardless whether the translation is correct or not. [ ] 13. What we concerned here is the relationship between an expression which exist in SL and TL rendering that can be regarded as required. [ ] 14. We do not pay attention what so ever to the word class and we expect to change the word class . [ ] 15. Relationship between the receptor and the massage should be the same as that which exist between the original receptor and the massage . [ ] 16. The concept of equivalence effect in translation studies is acute and complicated. [ ] 17. If we want to apply the equivalence effect in every translation we will create unnecessary obstacle . [ ] 18. the TT will be losing some textual and cultural feature that are present in the ST and that lose is inevitable. [ ] 19. The translation lose is unavoidable . [ ] For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 21 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 20. Translation lose is loss in process . [ ] 21. Translation loss is taken place while or during the translator is translating . [ ] 22. We will find the ST is longer than TT because same textual element in ST is absent in TT . [ ] 23. We do not have to look for the equality in terms economy between ST and TT . [ ] 24. The TT will not sound natural and perfect to target reader if we do not add these elements . [ ] 25. Cultural factors ; when the target reader will not receive all the meaning attach to the text as there is under stood in source reader . [ ] 26. The translator cannot be responsible for this loss but controlling it by deciding which element is less important . [ ] 27. General cultural difference are often bigger or more obstacles than linguistic difference . [ ] 28. It is impossible to translate according to literal translation when you are translating between two different culture so we use communicative translation. [ ] 29. This means we are trying to naturalize the TT reader by imposing cultural transposition . [ ] 30. The grammar of target language is completely different from Source Language . [ ] 31. Free translation totally respect of grammatical roles of TL . [ ] 32. Between interlinear and free translation there are infinitely variable in the degrees of freedom . [ ] 33. Descriptive equivalence consider the morphology and syntax aspect of the Source Language . [ ] 34. There are different between communicative and free translation . [ ] 35. Free translation interest in Literal meaning of SL, but in communicative translation not . [ ] 36. Literal text contain a lot of semantic repetition which English Language doesn't like semantic repetition . [ ] 37. Omission reflects the different ways in which Arabic and English link bits of text together. [ ] 38. Omission happen when the information conveyed is not important and adding it would unnecessarily complicated the structure of TT. [ ] 39. Any translation must and should has translation loss . [ ] For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 22 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 40. Translation is not loss of translation but a loss in translation process it loss of textual effects = linguistic field . [ ] 41. Translating involves not just two language , but a transfer from one culture to another . [ ] 42. Culture transposition for the main types and degrees of departure from literal translation that one may resort to in the process of transferring the contents of an ST from one culture to another . [ ] 43.If the audience can't understand the Target Text culture which belong to the Source Text culture , translator have to omitted or explain the culture to reach to the audience . [ ] 44. The main purpose in translation is semantic . [ ] 45. Translation loss is an inevitable consequence of the fact that language and culture are different . [ ] 46. Translator is not to element it , but to control and channel it by deciding which features , in a given ST it is most important to respect and which can most legitimately be sacrificed in respecting them . [ ] 47. We can't separate culture on language . [ ] For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 23 of 25 Into. Translation King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 Other Information : 1. We have three steps: 1) Translation strategy . 2) Strategic decisions . 3) Decisions of details . 2. When you are translating you will face three types of problems : 1) Lexical . 2) Grammatical . 3) Cultural . 3. Types of Linguistic problems : 1) Grammar . 2) Phonological . 3) Semantic . 4) Lexis . 5) Syntaxic . 6) Morphological . 4. Translating process : 1) Understanding the ST 2) Formulating a TT 5. Equivalence can be : 1) Descriptive . 2) Prescriptive 6. It can be two position : 1) Positive 2) Negative 7. The adding may be due to : 1) Linguistic factors . 2) Cultural factors . 8. Translation has three approach : 1) Semantic . 2) Communicative . 3) Functional . For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 24 of 25 King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages Into. Translation ( LANE - 350 ) 2013 9. If there is cultural element the translator will have different options 1) He might kept it as it is and explain the meaning in the glossary 2) Mention it without explanation 3) Omit it all on all 10. Translator Loss: 1) Morphology loss. 2) Syntaxic loss . 3) Culture loss . 4) Phonology loss . 5) Semantic loss . 6) Economic loss . THE END أخواني الكرام اسال هللا العلي القدير أن يجعل هذا العمل خالصا ً لوجه الكريم بالنسبة ألسئلة الصح والخطأ هي كلها صحيحة لكن أرجو فهمها جيدا ً كمعلومة: مالحظة For Students King Abdulaziz University Dr. RAFAT.Y ALWAZNAH SEMESTER - 2 By: ABU SHAHAD Page 25 of 25
