Science 9
Unit 1: Matter & Chemical Change
Name:
Topic 1: Exploring Matter
Safety First
A good science lab is a safe one. All of the procedures, equipment and
chemicals you use have been designed to help you understand the science
principles you are investigating.
Go over the safety notes provided and be prepared to take the safety test in
class
Please Read Over the Lab Safety Notes Attached…
Classifying Matter
The particle model of matter is an important part of what you will be learning in
this unit.
Recall that:
 All matter is made up of tiny particles.
 All the particles in a substance are the same; different substances are
made of
 different particles.
 There are attractive forces among particles-these attractions may be
strong or weak.
 The particles are always moving; the more energy the particles gain, the
faster they move.
 There are spaces among the particles.
The Particle Model of Matter is a scientific model which helps to visualize a
process we cannot see directly. The first two points help us to understand that
particles make up matter. The other three points help to explain density and how
matter behaves when temperature changes. Matter exists in three states: solid,
liquid, or gas.
The Particle Model of Matter is useful in explaining the differences among solids,
liquids, and gases. Illustrations such as these help to clarity the particle theory.
Mixtures of Matter
A pure substance is made up of only one kind of matter and has its own unique
set of physical properties.
Types of Pure Substances
• element - cannot be broken down into any simpler substance
• compound - is a combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions
A mixture is a combination of 2 or more pure substances
Types of Mixtures
• mechanical (heterogenous) - each substance in the mixture is visible
• solution (homogeneous) - each substance is not clearly visible (A substance
dissolved in water is called an aqueous solution)
• suspension - is a cloudy mixture in which tiny particles are held (suspended)
with
another substance, and can be filtered out
• colloid (emulsions) - is also a cloudy mixture, but the particles are so small that
they
cannot be filtered out easily (emulsions are types of
colloids in
which liquids are dispersed in liquids)
Whether a mixture is a solution, colloid or suspension
depends on the size of the particles, solubility and
mixing ability (miscibility)
Lab Safety Notes:
You must know all of these rules, techniques and procedures in order to participate in
any of the Lab Activities
Before beginning any activity
• Know what is expected
• Prepare a clear work environment
• Wait for permission to start
• Whenever special attention is needed in a Lab activity you will see the word Caution (This
means that special care must be taken when proceeding with this activity)
General Safety Precautions
• Work quietly and carefully
• Never work alone
• Wear appropriate clothing
• Wear safety equipment
• Inform your supervisor of health-related problems, allergies
• Never eat or drink In the Lab area
• Do not attempt Lab activities at home unless told to do so by your teacher, and only under the
direct supervision of an adult
• Touch substances only when told to do so
• Smell substances using the proper technique (wafting fumes toward you)
• Pour substances properly and safely
• Rinse off substances immediately that come into contact with skin or clothing
• Wash hands after handling substances and before leaving the Lab
• Clean up all spills Immediately
• Dispose of harmful substances by following teacher's directions
Handling a Heat Source
Use hot plates that have thermostatic controls. Use a beaker of water on a hot plate to heat
substances In test tubes. Use heat-resistant glass (Pyrex or Kimax) - never use cracked glass.
Always keep the open end of the test tube pointed away from everyone. Never allow any
container to boil dry. Use tongs or gloves to pick up hot objects. Turn off hot plate when not In
use. Unplug cords by pulling on the plug, not the cord. Report and replace equipment that has
frayed or damaged cords. Make sure electrical cords are placed properly where no one will trip
over them. Treat burns using cold water or ice
Handling an Open Flame
• Locate fire safety equipment before using any open flame (fire blanket, fire extinguishers, fire
alarm, first-aid kit)
• Know the proper procedures for using a Bunsen burner In the Lab
• Remove all flammable substances from the room before lighting a flame
• Use a test tube holder if the test tube Is being heated in an open flame
• Point the open end away from yourself and others
• Gently move the test tube back and forth over the flame so that it is heated evenly
Other Recommendations
• Dispose of broken glassware as instructed by your teacher
• Report broken or damaged equipment immediately (DO NOT USE IT)
• Clean up work area completely when you are finished
• Wash all glassware thoroughly and place in drying racks
• Report all accidents to the teacher immediately (no matter how minor)
SAFETY RULES
• Do not perform unauthorized experiments.
• Never work in the lab alone.
• Report all accidents immediately to your teacher.
• If vapors generated are toxic, use a fume hood.
• Wear chemical splash goggles.
• Wear a chemical resistant apron.
• Wear chemical resistant gloves.
• Tie back long hair.
• Do not wear loose sleeves.
• Do not wear shorts.
• Do not wear sandals.
• Do not wear contact lenses.
• No food or beverages.
• No gum chewing.
• Do not leave experiments unattended.
• Know the location of all of the science lab safety equipment, exits and telephone.
(safety showers, eye wash, fire blankets, fire extinguishers)
• No running.
• Keep aisles clear.
• Extinguish burners when away from desk.
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)
Compressed Gas
This symbol is in class A and is used to inform people of compressed gas. This category includes
such things such as propane bottles, butane bottles, and acetylene bottles.
Poisonous and Infectious
This symbol belongs to class D-l and is one of the most commonly found symbols in homes across
North America. This symbol represents materials that are toxic when ingested. This category
includes such common products as bleach, Mr. Clean, and Tide. Most household chemicals and
cleaners contain this symbol and has become known as the symbol for poison.
Oxidizing
This symbol informs people that this substance produces oxygen when burned. This specific
reaction creates a high problem for combustion and has to be stored in special containers and must
be transported with extreme care.
Dangerously Reactive
This symbol is found on some household products and on a large number of lab chemicals. Itl
means that when certain chemicals are mixed they will react and produce a harmful side effect.
Some chemicals that should not be mixed are bleach, drain cleaner, and ammonia because, when
combined, they will form a toxic gas.
Flammable and Combustible
This symbol is the Flammable and combustible material, which is in class B and tells a person that
certain substances will react with a flame and burn. Some materials that fit into this category are gas
and oil. These substances are highly flammable and ignite with little effort.
Corrosive
This symbol is the second most common symbol found in homes across North America. This
symbol is most commonly found on products such as bleach and battery acid, which are highly
corrosive and are able to burn organic matter.
Toxic / Infectious
This symbol belongs to class D-2 and is one of the less common symbols found in homes. It is more
commonly found in Chemistry Labs. This symbol is somewhat similar to the fourth symbol, but
chemicals that fit into this category cause slower effects to the body. Some examples of this are
arsenic and nicotine.
Biohazardous
This symbol is often found in hospitals and is put on products that have materials that are harmful,
such as viruses or bacteria.
Examples of bacteria that fall into this category are ebola and the flesh eating disease.
Topic 1 Assignment
Vocabulary:
Chemistry-the study of the properties of matter and the changes it undergoes
Caustic-an agent that burns or destroys living tissue
Homogeneous-a mixture in which particles are uniformly scattered; has a uniform
composition
Heterogeneous-a mixture in which the particles are not uniformly scattered; does
not have a uniform composition
1. Complete Topic 1 Review p. 98 #1-5
1. See table on above page
2. Goggles, gloves, proper clothing,
3. A pure substance has particles that are all the same. A solution is two different
particle types that a mixed together and a mechanical mixture is two particles
that you can tell that it is not a pure substance.
4. a. mechanical
b. solution c. solution d. solution
5. helium mixed with oxygen
b. water
c. bromine and mercury mixed together
Put Safety First Worksheet
What to Do
Sketch the corresponding WHMIS safety symbol next to each description. Record an
example of each.
Description
Symbol
Compressed gas
Poisonous and infectious material causing immediate and serious
toxic effects
Poisonous and infectious material causing other toxic effects
Oxidizing material
Flammable and combustible material
Corrosive material
Biohazardous infectious material
Dangerously reactive material
Questions
1. Which WHMIS symbols do you think you might see on materials in this unit?
Example
2. List the safety symbols displayed in investigations and activities in this unit.
3. Why is it important for you to recognize safety symbols?
Using Material Safety Data Sheets
Use the MSDS of Copper II Sulfate to answer the following
worksheet…
Introduction
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) contain important information about a substance. On an
MSDS for a particular substance, you can find information about its chemical composition, safety
precautions to take when handling it, first aid, and long-term effects of exposure. There are also
directions on how to dispose of the chemical safely and clean up any spills. Whether it is toilet
bowl cleaner, film developer, or sweetener, all chemicals have an MSDS.
What to Do
Choose a chemical, examine its MSDS, then provide the information requested in the
question below.
Questions
1. Write the name and formula of the chemical.
Name
Formula
2. How many sections is an MSDS divided into?
3. Name the titles of these sections.
4. Record the values from the MSDS for the following physical properties of this
substance (be sure to include the proper units):
(a) melting point _____
(b) boiling point _____
(c) vapour point _____
(d) solubility in water _____
5. Does the MSDS indicate any special fire instructions or explosion hazard? If so,
describe them.
6. Describe two important health hazards associated with this substance.
7. If you get this substance in your eye, what first aid should be administered?
8. What skin protection should be used when handling this substance?
9. How should spills be handled?
10. How can this substance be disposed of safely?
11. Describe any special storage or handling precautions.
12. Where can the MSDS be found in your school?
13. If you have a part-time job, ask your employer to show you where the MSDS are
stored and how they are used in the business. Report your findings to the class.