Science 9
Unit 1: Matter & Chemical Change
Name:
Topic 1: Exploring Matter
Safety First
A good science lab is a safe one. All of the procedures, equipment and
chemicals you use have been designed to help you understand the science
principles you are investigating.
Go over the safety notes provided and be prepared to take the safety test in
class
Please Read Over the Lab Safety Notes Attached…
Classifying Matter
The particle model of matter is an important part of what you will be learning in
this unit.
Recall that:
 All matter is made up of tiny particles.
 All the particles in a substance are the same; different substances are
made of
 different particles.
 There are attractive forces among particles-these attractions may be
strong or weak.
 The particles are always moving; the more energy the particles gain, the
faster they move.
 There are spaces among the particles.
The Particle Model of Matter is a scientific model which helps to visualize a
process we cannot see directly. The first two points help us to understand that
particles make up matter. The other three points help to explain density and how
matter behaves when temperature changes. Matter exists in three states: solid,
liquid, or gas.
The Particle Model of Matter is useful in explaining the differences among solids,
liquids, and gases. Illustrations such as these help to clarity the particle theory.
Mixtures of Matter
A pure substance is made up of only one kind of matter and has its own unique
set of physical properties.
Types of Pure Substances
• element - cannot be broken down into any simpler substance
• compound - is a combination of two or more elements in fixed proportions
A mixture is a combination of 2 or more pure substances
Types of Mixtures
• mechanical (heterogenous) - each substance in the mixture is visible
• solution (homogeneous) - each substance is not clearly visible (A substance
dissolved in water is called an aqueous solution)
• suspension - is a cloudy mixture in which tiny particles are held (suspended)
with
another substance, and can be filtered out
• colloid (emulsions) - is also a cloudy mixture, but the particles are so small that
they
cannot be filtered out easily (emulsions are types of
colloids in
which liquids are dispersed in liquids)
Whether a mixture is a solution, colloid or suspension
depends on the size of the particles, solubility and
mixing ability (miscibility)
Lab Safety Notes:
You must know all of these rules, techniques and procedures in order to participate in
any of the Lab Activities
Before beginning any activity
• Know what is expected
• Prepare a clear work environment
• Wait for permission to start
• Whenever special attention is needed in a Lab activity you will see the word Caution (This
means that special care must be taken when proceeding with this activity)
General Safety Precautions
• Work quietly and carefully
• Never work alone
• Wear appropriate clothing
• Wear safety equipment
• Inform your supervisor of health-related problems, allergies
• Never eat or drink In the Lab area
• Do not attempt Lab activities at home unless told to do so by your teacher, and only under the
direct supervision of an adult
• Touch substances only when told to do so
• Smell substances using the proper technique (wafting fumes toward you)
• Pour substances properly and safely
• Rinse off substances immediately that come into contact with skin or clothing
• Wash hands after handling substances and before leaving the Lab
• Clean up all spills Immediately
• Dispose of harmful substances by following teacher's directions
Handling a Heat Source
Use hot plates that have thermostatic controls. Use a beaker of water on a hot plate to heat
substances In test tubes. Use heat-resistant glass (Pyrex or Kimax) - never use cracked glass.
Always keep the open end of the test tube pointed away from everyone. Never allow any
container to boil dry. Use tongs or gloves to pick up hot objects. Turn off hot plate when not In
use. Unplug cords by pulling on the plug, not the cord. Report and replace equipment that has
frayed or damaged cords. Make sure electrical cords are placed properly where no one will trip
over them. Treat burns using cold water or ice
Handling an Open Flame
• Locate fire safety equipment before using any open flame (fire blanket, fire extinguishers, fire
alarm, first-aid kit)
• Know the proper procedures for using a Bunsen burner In the Lab
• Remove all flammable substances from the room before lighting a flame
• Use a test tube holder if the test tube Is being heated in an open flame
• Point the open end away from yourself and others
• Gently move the test tube back and forth over the flame so that it is heated evenly
Other Recommendations
• Dispose of broken glassware as instructed by your teacher
• Report broken or damaged equipment immediately (DO NOT USE IT)
• Clean up work area completely when you are finished
• Wash all glassware thoroughly and place in drying racks
• Report all accidents to the teacher immediately (no matter how minor)
SAFETY RULES
• Do not perform unauthorized experiments.
• Never work in the lab alone.
• Report all accidents immediately to your teacher.
• If vapors generated are toxic, use a fume hood.
• Wear chemical splash goggles.
• Wear a chemical resistant apron.
• Wear chemical resistant gloves.
• Tie back long hair.
• Do not wear loose sleeves.
• Do not wear shorts.
• Do not wear sandals.
• Do not wear contact lenses.
• No food or beverages.
• No gum chewing.
• Do not leave experiments unattended.
• Know the location of all of the science lab safety equipment, exits and telephone.
(safety showers, eye wash, fire blankets, fire extinguishers)
• No running.
• Keep aisles clear.
• Extinguish burners when away from desk.
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System (WHMIS)
Compressed Gas
This symbol is in class A and is used to inform people of compressed gas. This category includes
such things such as propane bottles, butane bottles, and acetylene bottles.
Poisonous and Infectious
This symbol belongs to class D-l and is one of the most commonly found symbols in homes across
North America. This symbol represents materials that are toxic when ingested. This category
includes such common products as bleach, Mr. Clean, and Tide. Most household chemicals and
cleaners contain this symbol and has become known as the symbol for poison.
Oxidizing
This symbol informs people that this substance produces oxygen when burned. This specific
reaction creates a high problem for combustion and has to be stored in special containers and must
be transported with extreme care.
Dangerously Reactive
This symbol is found on some household products and on a large number of lab chemicals. Itl
means that when certain chemicals are mixed they will react and produce a harmful side effect.
Some chemicals that should not be mixed are bleach, drain cleaner, and ammonia because, when
combined, they will form a toxic gas.
Flammable and Combustible
This symbol is the Flammable and combustible material, which is in class B and tells a person that
certain substances will react with a flame and burn. Some materials that fit into this category are gas
and oil. These substances are highly flammable and ignite with little effort.
Corrosive
This symbol is the second most common symbol found in homes across North America. This
symbol is most commonly found on products such as bleach and battery acid, which are highly
corrosive and are able to burn organic matter.
Toxic / Infectious
This symbol belongs to class D-2 and is one of the less common symbols found in homes. It is more
commonly found in Chemistry Labs. This symbol is somewhat similar to the fourth symbol, but
chemicals that fit into this category cause slower effects to the body. Some examples of this are
arsenic and nicotine.
Biohazardous
This symbol is often found in hospitals and is put on products that have materials that are harmful,
such as viruses or bacteria.
Examples of bacteria that fall into this category are ebola and the flesh eating disease.
Topic 1 Assignment
Vocabulary:
Chemistry
The mixing of chemicals to cause a reaction of matter
Caustic
Able to burn or change matter through chemical reaction
Homogeneous
They look even
Heterogeneous
It looks un even
1. Complete Topic 1 Review p. 98 #1-5
1) Poisonous, Corrosive, toxic
2) Goggles, apron, gloves, non-loose clothing, good shoes, eye washing
station, proper containers, proper mixing tools.
3) Pure substance= elements & compounds, solution= it is the end result,
mechanical mixture= homogenous and hetero generous
4) Soil= mechanical mixture, perfume= mechanical mixture, baking powder=
mechanical mixture, glass container= mechanical mixture
5) Smoke- oxygen, water vapor- clouds , apple juice- blood
Put Safety First Worksheet
What to Do
Sketch the corresponding WHMIS safety symbol next to each description. Record an
example of each.
Description
Symbol
Example
Hair spray
Compressed gas
Poisonous and infectious material causing immediate and
serious toxic effects
Antifreeze
Poisonous and infectious material causing other toxic effects
Agent
Orange,
DDT
Oxidizing material
Certain
compress
ed gasses
Febreze
Flammable and combustible material
Acids
Corrosive material
Biohazardous infectious material
Dangerously reactive material
Blood,
needles
Alcohols,
plutonium
Questions
1. Which WHMIS symbols do you think you might see on materials in this unit?
Flammable, poisonous, corrosive
2. List the safety symbols displayed in investigations and activities in this unit.
All of them
3. Why is it important for you to recognize safety symbols?
So then you know what you are doing
Using Material Safety Data Sheets
Use the MSDS of Copper II Sulfate Ethanol to answer the following
worksheet…
Introduction
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) contain important information about a substance. On an
MSDS for a particular substance, you can find information about its chemical composition, safety
precautions to take when handling it, first aid, and long-term effects of exposure. There are also
directions on how to dispose of the chemical safely and clean up any spills. Whether it is toilet
bowl cleaner, film developer, or sweetener, all chemicals have an MSDS.
What to Do
Choose a chemical, examine its MSDS, then provide the information requested in the
question below.
Questions
1. Write the name and formula of the chemical.
Name Ethanol
Formula C2H5OH
2. How many sections is an MSDS divided into? 16
3. Name the titles of these sections.
Product and Company Identification, Hazardous Identification,
Composition/Information on ingredients, First aid Measures, Fire Fighting Measures,
Accidental Realize Measures, Handling and storage, Exposure controls and Personal
Protection, Physical and Chemical Property’s, Stability and Reactivity, Toxicological
Information, Ecological Information, Disposal Considerations, Transport Information,
Regularity Information, Other Information
4. Record the values from the MSDS for the following physical properties of this
substance (be sure to include the proper units):
(a) melting point -101 degrees
(b) boiling point 30-200 degrees
(c) vapour point-21 degrees
(d) solubility in water Neglagable
5. Does the MSDS indicate any special fire instructions or explosion hazard? If so,
describe them.
Carbon dioxide blanket, Water spray, Dry chemical, Foam, SMALL FIRES: Any
extinguisher suitable for Class B fires, dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fire fighting
foam, or Halon. LARGE FIRES: Water spray, fog or fire fighting foam. Water may
be ineffective for fighting the fire, but may be used to cool fire-exposed containers.
Specific hazards during fire
fighting
: Fire Hazard Fire will produce dense black smoke containing hazardous
combustion products (see heading 10). Flash back possible over considerable
distance.
Special protective equipment
for fire-fighters
: Use NIOSH/MSHA approved positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus
and fully protective clothing such as bunker gear if needed to prevent exposure.
Further information : Isolate area around container involved in fire. Cool tanks,
shells, and containers
exposed to fire and excessive heat with water. For massive fires the use of
unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles may be advantageous to further
minimize personnel exposure. Major fires may require withdrawal, allowing the
tank to burn. Large storage tank fires typically require specially trained personnel
and equipment to extinguish the fire, often including the need for properly applied
fire fighting foam. Exposure to decomposition products may be a hazard to health.
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment. Use water spray to cool unopened containers. Fire
residues and contaminated fire extinguishing water may be subject to disposal
regulations.
6. Describe two important health hazards associated with this substance.
Irritates eyes and can make you flammable
7. If you get this substance in your eye, what first aid should be administered?
Use eye wash station
8. What skin protection should be used when handling this substance?
If needed to prevent skin contact, chemical protective clothing such as of DuPont
TyChem®, Saranex or equivalent recommended based on degree of exposure.
The resistance of specific material may vary from product to product as well as
with degree of exposure.
9. How should spills be handled?
Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Ventilate the area. Remove all sources of ignition.
Response and clean-up crews must be properly trained and must utilize
proper protective equipment
10. How can this substance be disposed of safely?
Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and
local requirements.
11. Describe any special storage or handling precautions.
Keep away from fire, sparks and heated surfaces. No smoking near areas where
material is stored or handled. The product should only be stored and handled in
areas with intrinsically safe electrical classification.
12. Where can the MSDS be found in your school?
In a Science Lab