Working Annotated Bibliography for Ethnographic Essay
Amy Lemm
English 1301 – Section 210
Professor Dziadek
October 10, 2014
Swales, J. (2014). The concept of discourse community. In E. Wardle & D. Downs (Eds.),
Writing about Writing (2 ed., pp. 215-228). Boston: BEDFORD/ST. MARTIN'S.
Swales, a professor at Cambridge University, defines and outlines the components that make up
a discourse of a discourse community. Discourse communities have shared goals, purposes, and
usage of language. Understanding the lexis and the shared goals of a discourse community
allows one to move forward into the community. He states that literacy and how we understand it
is evolving; our language use changes when we interact with different groups. This source was
found in a collection of works in the Writing about Writing text.
Vermeulen, N. (2013). From Darwin to the Census of Marine Life: Marine Biology as Big
Science. Plos ONE, 8(1), 1-8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054284
Vermeulen begins by giving a brief history of science as well as the coining of the term “big
science. Later, she gives evidence on why marine biology is considered to be a big science and
introduces the audience to the Marine Life Census Project, a collaboration of the marine
biologist discourse community working together to expand their knowledge of the biodiversity of
marine life. She notes that the marine biologist community is ever growing and the knowledge
Working Annotated Bibliography for Ethnographic Essay
of the sea has become a global effort. She quotes from a marine biologist working on the project
that ‘‘The programme is about the connections (…) The Census is only possible if you are a
community and you share the same language and the same world”. This source was found from
the Texas A&M Corpus Christi Library Database.
Benson, K. R. (2001). Summer Camp, Seaside Station, and Marine Laboratory: Marine biology
and its institutional identity. Historical Studies In The Physical & Biological Sciences,
32(1), 11.
Benson begins by analyzing Americanized marine biology and its important features. He
examines the early marine laboratories established in the United States teaching methods. He
later shows how those laboratories progressed from informal teaching to the more current formal
teaching style. In the authors opinion, those marine laboratories played an important role in
creating the identity of biologist through the collaboration and circulation of biologists between
laboratories. This source was found from the Texas A&M Corpus Christi Library Database.
Borgman, C., Wallis, J., & Mayernik, M. (2012). Who's Got the Data? Interdependencies in
Science and Technology Collaborations. Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The
Journal Of Collaborative Computing, 21(6), 485-523. doi:10.1007/s10606-012-9169-z
In this article, the authors study a collaboration of scientists, including marine biologists, to
examine the methods of working together and show the importance of collaboration. They
identify the concept of “data” and explain the different types. They later examine the data
collected from the scientists to try to infer the collaborative work. The authors note that in the
science discourse community, “Scientists learn how to use tools, instruments, and materials to
Working Annotated Bibliography for Ethnographic Essay
accomplish their research as part of membership in the community.”
Brandt, U., & Svendsen, G. (2009). Trawling for subsidies: the alignment of incentives between
fishermen and marine biologists. Journal Of European Public Policy, 16(7), 1012-1029.
doi:10.1080/13501760903226740
In this article, Brandt states that marine biologists generally have incentives to state that there are
not as many fish in the sea to promote conservation as well as to increase the demand for marine
biologist services. He compares marine biologist motivations to fishermen motivations in
extreme and non-extreme cases and explains why many members of these two groups conflict.
He goes on to give examples when the motivations of these two groups would coincide. The
models proposed in this article are used to test whether the fishermen’s statement that there are
abundance of fish is true or if the marine biologists assumption that there are limited numbers of
fish is true. This source was found from the Texas A&M Corpus Christi Library Database.
Ward, R., Hanner, R., & Hebert, P. (2009). The campaign to DNA barcode all fishes, FISHBOL. Journal Of Fish Biology, 74(2), 329-356.
This article introduces various terms relating to the genetics of identifying fish species. The
protocol of the genetic identification techniques is stated. It introduces the fish barcode of life
collaboration with the goal of genetically identifying all fish species. The project is represented
by the fish-bol campaign made of up various marine biologist researchers working in
collaboration for the barcode of life project. This source was found from the Texas A&M Corpus
Christi Library Database.
Working Annotated Bibliography for Ethnographic Essay
Vermeulen, N., Parker, J. N., & Penders, B. (2013). Understanding life together: A brief history
of collaboration in biology. Endeavour, (3), 162. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2013.03.001
Vermeulen gives a brief history of the growth of different areas of science. Later, the authors
give a more detailed account about the growth of biology. It is stated that collaboration is on the
rise. There are portions of the article in which studying collaboration of scientists is discussed,
reasons for collaboration is discussed, and patterns of collaboration amongst scientists are
discussed. The Census of Marine Life was mentioned along with its objective to ‘assess and
explain the diversity, distribution, and abundance of marine life in the oceans–past present and
future’. This source was found on the Texas A&M Corpus Christi Library Database.
Dedual, M. M., Sague Pla, O. O., Arlinghaus, R. R., Clarke, A. A., Ferter, K. K., Geertz Hansen,
P. P., & ... Ueberschär, B. B. (2013). Communication between scientists, fishery
managers and recreational fishers: lessons learned from a comparative analysis of
international case studies. Fisheries Management & Ecology, 20(2/3), 234-246.
doi:10.1111/fme.12001
This article analyzed the relationship between marine scientists and people working at fisheries.
Barriers in communication between the groups existed based on the marine biologists unique
style of language, fear of the marine biologists input into the project causing limited fishing
opportunities, and the difference in values of the two groups. Marine biologists work to conserve
species of fish and generally encourage fishing to be lessened while fishermen want to catch as
many fish as possible. The language of the marine biologists is shared between different papers
and there is a jargon in the group that is unable to be understood by those without a scientific
background. This source was found on the Texas A&M Corpus Christi Library Database.
Working Annotated Bibliography for Ethnographic Essay
Betancur-R., R., Hines, A., Acero P., A., Ortí, G., Wilbur, A. E., & Freshwater, D. (2011).
Reconstructing the lionfish invasion: insights into Greater Caribbean biogeography.
Journal Of Biogeography, 38(7), 1281-1293. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02496.x
This article about the invasive lionfish is written in a typical scientific format by a collaboration
of marine biologists that took part in this research. It uses informative speech without any
opinions of the authors. There are a number of tables and figures that show different genetic
relationships between the lionfish sample that the researchers used. Various scientific terms are
used as jargon in the paper to communicate to the rest of the scientific audience how the work
was done and reasons why the work is credible. This source was found on the Texas A&M
Corpus Christi Library Database.
Tepolt, C. K., Darling, J. A., Bagley, M. J., Geller, J. B., Blum, M. J., & Grosholz, E. D. (2009).
European green crabs ( Carcinus maenas) in the northeastern Pacific: genetic evidence for
high population connectivity and current-mediated expansion from a single introduced
source population. Diversity & Distributions, 15(6), 997-1009. doi:10.1111/j.14724642.2009.00605.x
This article, written by various marine biologist researchers, about the European green crab is
written to appeal to readers belonging to the marine biologist discourse community. Tables and
figures are applied to express the data found from the study in a concise fashion. The lexis used
throughout the text is scientific with various terms relating to the techniques of the study. This
source was found on the Texas A&M Corpus Christi Library Database.