Chapter 9 Expressing Genetic Information Study Guide
Read the Focus Ons and Biological Challenges use the Chapter Highlights as well
9.1 Genetic Material
Know and understand:
 Nucleic Acids-composition of each type
 Types of RNA and functions
 Transcription and Translation
 Genetic Code
 Proteins and Amino Acids
 Enzymes
 Ribosomes
 Codons and Antocodons
 Use of the amino acid chart
 Proteins potential for variation

9.2 Importance of Proteins
Know and understand:
 The various functions of proteins
 What does the structure determine.
9.3 RNA Synthesis
Know and understand:
 RNA Polymerase
 What happens during transcription
 Where transcription takes place
 How do the RNA nucleotides pair with DNA
 The three stages of transcription
9.4 RNA Processing
Know and understand:
 Eukaryotes vs Prokaryotes
 Primary vs Mature RNA
 Cap,tail of RNA
 Introns, exons, splicing
9.5 Translation
Know and understand:
 Where does translation take place?
 What are the 3 stages and what happens in each?
 Charging tRNA
 P,A, E sites
 Energy needed and what stages?
 What happens to the parts of translations after termination?
9.6 Transport and Modification of Proteins
Know and understand:
 What needs to happen to proteins to be functional?
 What happens after translation?
 Signal sequences
9.7 Translation Errors
Know and understand:
 What causes most translation errors
 Reading frame
 Frame shift
 What can happen?
9.8 Viruses
Know and understand:
 What are viruses
 Viral replication lytic/lysogenic
 Retrovirus
 Reverse transcription