Science 10 Chemistry Lab #3 - Modelling Covalent Bonds
Objectives: To learn how molecular compounds are formed through covalent bonding.
Procedure:
1.
Get into your assigned groups and obtain the necessary materials from your teacher. Ensure that you have
the correct amount of jujube “atoms” and toothpick “bonds”. You will also require a lab data package
booklet for your answers. Each partner must submit a copy of today’s lab.
2. Complete the colour code legend. You will need this to hand in with your final assignment
3. Create the following molecular compounds, use the correct atoms and bonds.
a.
H 2O
b. CO2
c. SO
d. NH3
4. Draw diagrams of the above molecules, using coloured pencils onto the white paper. Try to make your
diagram as similar to what you see as possible.
5. Beneath each diagram, create a Lewis symbol for the compound, showing how the electrons are shared
between the atoms within the compound.
6. For each compound, you should now represent the shared pair of electrons by using a line. For example:
H
N
H
-------- H
H
N
H
H
7. These diagrams that you have just created are called structural diagrams. Below the Lewis symbols for
question 4, include the structural diagrams for each part.
8. Create the following molecular compounds using the jujube atoms and toothpick bonds.
a.
H2
b. N2
c. O2
d. Cl2
e. I2
9. These compounds are known as molecular elements or diatomic molecules. Use your textbook to find the
definition of this term and copy it into your notes.
10. There is a pattern in the periodic table, whereby all molecular elements are found as an “upside-down L” on
the right-hand side of the periodic table. Note where this is. Another way to remember this is the acronym
HOBrFINCl. What are the other molecular elements?
11. For some of the above molecules compounds that you have created, there are two or three bondable sticks
that you have used. These are known as double and triple bonds respectively.
12. Draw the structural diagrams of the molecular elements from question 8.
13. Create the following compounds. Draw diagrams of the above molecules, using coloured pencils onto the
white paper. Try to make your diagram as similar to what you see as possible.
a.
CH4
b. C2H6 c. C3H8
d. C2H4
14. The molecules that you have just made are known as hydrocarbons. Why do you think they are named this?
Explain. Look up the definition from your textbook and copy it.
15. Draw structural diagrams of the hydrocarbons that you have just made.
16. In order to create 13 d. above, what type of bond had to be created?
17. The bonds that have been created for all of the above molecular compounds are covalent bonds. Define this
term in your notebook.
18. Using the rules found in your textbook (page 162) name all of the above compounds that you have built in
question 3 and 13.